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​Latest Montreal Mob Hit May Have Buried the Rizzuto Family for Good

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Rocco Sollecito was gunned down in his SUV this morning. The Canadian Press

This morning's murder of well-known mobster Rocco Sollecito may very well signal the death of the Montreal Mafia.

At least, this version of it.

According to a couple of experts on the city's Italian organized crime scene, the assassination of the 67-year-old Sollecito is the latest twist in a generational war, with an emerging leadership group looking to oust and eliminate the old guard.

But first, the facts:


At around 8:30 Friday morning, Rocco Sollecito was gunned down as he sat behind the wheel of his white BMW SUV at an intersection in the Montreal suburb of Laval. It's believed his killer was waiting for him at a bus stop just half a kilometre from the Laval police headquarters. Sollecito was pronounced dead at the hospital.

Witnesses told a TVA reporter they heard as many as eight gunshots. "There were two shots at first, then a brief moment of silence, and then a burst," said one.

Laval police were quick to characterize the nature of the shooting. "It's not complicated. It was a mob hit," a spokesman for the force toldCBC. The provincial Sûreté du Québec is taking over the investigation.

Sollecito's is the latest in a string of murders that has claimed a number of members of the Montreal Mafia in recent years. Most are linked to the fallout of the death of Mafia patriarch Vito Rizzuto at the end of 2013.

Read more: Who is Running the Mob in Montreal?

According to author Pierre de Champlain, who was a civilian analyst for the RCMP, Sollecito is just the latest victim of a transition of leadership, Mafia-style.

"Each time that the Mafia is in a period of turmoil, whether it's the Sicilian or the American Mafia, it's always because of a generational conflict," he told VICE. "It's the old guard versus the new guard."

Sollecito was staunchly of the old guard. A senior member of the Rizzuto leadership core who was close to both Vito Rizzuto and his father Nicolo, Sollecito also acted as a close advisor to his son Stefano Sollecito, who, along with Vito Rizzuto's son Leonardo, inherited the leadership mantle after Vito's passing. He is also believed to have overseen a large illegal gambling and bookmaking empire.

De Champlain says he has files on the senior Sollecito dating back to the early 80s, as he began rising through the ranks alongside Vito. "He was a presence of longstanding in the Montreal Mafia landscape," he says.

For decades, Sollecito was at the heart of a very successful criminal enterprise, one believed to have made vast amounts of cash on everything from construction to the import and distribution of narcotics via Montreal's port. At the height of the Rizzuto clan's power, in the 1980s and 1990s, the family was run first by Nick Rizzuto and then by his son and heir Vito.

The family's fortunes changed in the middle of the previous decade. Vito Rizzuto was extradited to the US in 2006 and spent time in prison on charges relating to a triple murder in 1981. In his absence, his organization began to crack. Several members of his family, including his father and son, were murdered. Other allies turned up dead or went missing. Shortly after Vito was released and deported to Canada in 2012, a number of murders followed, believed to be in retaliation for the liberties taken against his family.

But Vito's second reign did not last. He died of cancer just over a year after his return. Emerging out of the fog of the criminal underground was a new council of six leaders, among them Stefano Sollecito, Leonardo Rizzuto and Lorenzo Giordano.

They didn't last long either. The younger Sollecito and Rizzuto were arrested in November and remain behind bars. And on March 1, Giordano was gunned down in a Laval parking lot, just months after his release from prison. Two other associates were said to be so afraid for their lives that they volunteered to return to prison after their release in February.

"It's a strategy of terror," author and journalist Antonio Nicaso told VICE. "There is a campaign to remove the management of the Rizzuto crime family. Someone wants to put an end to it.... No one is capable to lead a counterattack. I don't see anyone among the old guard who is able to fight back."

Neither de Champlain nor Nicaso wants to speculate on who might be behind the attacks on what remains of the Rizzuto group. But Nicaso doesn't think the violence will end until everyone on one side—and probably that side will be the old Rizzuto group—is dead.

"In the Mafia, retirement is not an option," he says. "If you have to replace the top members of the organization, the only way to do it is to kill all of them." He notes that the Rizzutos took power themselves by murdering the then-leaders of the Montreal Mafia in the late 1970s.

For de Champlain, the war is already over, and the Rizzutos clearly lost.

"We have to refer to the Rizzuto family in the past tense," he said.

Follow Patrick Lejtenyi on Twitter.



Photos of My Dying Grandma’s Last Days

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Mind Meld

This article originally appeared on VICE UK

In 2010, photographer Rachel Cox's grandmother was diagnosed with a degenerative brain disease. It was, predictably, awful. In response, Rachel decided to document the final years of her grandmother Barbara's life in Texas with images that she says were "made during moments of conversation, gesture, and experiences of death."

Cox says she felt a frantic need to record her grandma's slow slide into dementia, hoping the moments caught on camera would allow her to remember her grandmother accurately. So she created "Shiny Ghost," a photo series that recently won a LensCulture portrait award in the UK and is being exhibited in Derby until mid-June.

Her photos show two women of very different eras who still shared a deep and mutual bond. We had a pretty intense chat about generation gaps, how you can't choose your family, and the emotional weight of photographing your grandma's corpse.

Don't Smile, Smile

VICE: When did you first photograph your grandmother?
Rachel Cox: When I was 17, I took my first photo class and my grandmother gave me her camera to use. I practiced by photographing her. It didn't feel like an art project to photograph her at the time. I worked out what kind of photographer I wanted to become by photographing her.

How long has "Shiny Ghost" been in your life?
In 2010, my grandmother was diagnosed with a type of dementia that acts on the parts of the brain that affect our personality and our ability to express ourselves. It was the first time I felt like I was photographing something that was extremely important to me. At that point, my creative attention became focused on her.

Can you tell me about Barbara?
Even if you're not familiar with the southern states of America, I think you would identify my grandmother as a very traditional southern woman. She was very vain, very interested in gossip—from her family members to massive political figures on the TV. Spending time with her would be mostly spent listening to her talk about the things she'd been waiting to talk about. She would store up things she wanted to say. But she was also extremely generous and loving, very concerned for her family.

How did you relate to her?
I'm an only child. And being a granddaughter, rather than a grandson, meant I had a lot of responsibility pushed onto me. It was assumed we'd have shared interests: shopping and hair and make-up. From an early age through to my twenties, we developed a combative relationship. I didn't feel like we had anything in common. I was a liberal and an atheist, and she was an extremely conservative Baptist. It meant I struggled to connect with her on any level beyond a familial one.

Same Knees

Do you feel you reconciled yourself with those different world views?
The only time we really connected was when I photographed her. She liked being photographed, and I liked photographing her. She seemed so strange, so different to me. As an artistic subject, that became very compelling. But, as we went through the process of working together on this project, I began to realize that the politics and the stark religious beliefs didn't really matter. Bit by bit, she began to feel capable of showing herself to me in an "undesirable" way, without make-up, looking very frail. Her willingness to be vulnerable around me became a foundation for our relationship.

How did her illness impact her personality?
Our experience of dementia was unusual. Most people with dementia experience memory loss. My grandmother's memory was fine, but she developed an inability to express herself. She stopped caring about the way she looked, about the way the house looked. That was a huge change.

Coffee & E-Cigarette

Once you'd established that dynamic, and she was willing to be photographed, what aesthetic decisions did you then make about the photos?
I didn't want them to look posed. There's a long history in photography of composition in posed portraits and I wanted to stand against that. I wanted to capture things I had seen hundreds of times before—the way she would clasp her hands, or cross her legs. The photographs were always made while we had conversations, and because she became so used to my camera, it meant the photographs didn't interrupt the time we spent together, so we were able to carry on together very naturally.

Is there a particular image from the series you think best encapsulates her?
The image I return to is titled 'Last Picture Together.' It's a self-portrait I took with her body after she died, in the funeral home before they prepared her body for cremation. I had to ask my family to let me fly home, after she died, and take this picture. They waited two days before doing anything with her body. Once I got there, I spent hours in the room with her, taking pictures of her body. I took a single picture of the two of us, using a long cable release. I'd never included myself in an image before, but I looked straight into the camera. It was a way of addressing myself in the moment.

Last Portrait Together

Why was that image so important?
It felt like a picture taken for myself. Because, until that day, I'd thought I was just practicing on her, but in fact she was integral to my identity as a photographer. I had become dependent on photographing her.

Moving forward, I had to work out what to do without her. She was a family member, and a hugely significant figure in my own life, but also a creative muse. I realized, at some point, I would have to take the last picture of her body, and feel her presence in that way. In that picture, I started coming to terms with her death, and how I would move on without her.

Thanks, Rachel.

Rachel Cox is represented by Talley Dunn Gallery, Dallas, TX, USA. "Shiny Ghost" is exhibited at Format Festival, Derby, until June 12.

Here are some more photos from the series.

Closet

New Hair

Casket

Follow Tom on Twitter.


Can America's Weed Industry Provide Reparations for the War on Drugs?

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Photo of a legal weed grow house, via

This month, Oakland's City Council unanimously approved a program giving people with former marijuana convictions a leg-up when it comes to entering Oakland's growing legal cannabis industry—a move the city council sees as a step towards reparations for the drug wars that, in part, led to a boom in America's prison population since the 1970s and targeted people of colour.

While many states and districts actively ban people with past criminal convictions from participating as owners or employees in the country's increasingly legal billion-dollar marijuana industry, Oakland's new priority licenses program, called Oakland's Equity Program, reserves half of its marijuana business licenses for the recently incarcerated and people living in neighbourhood directly impacted by the drug war.

For the last 18 months, Oakland's City Council has been in conversation with Oakland's Cannabis Regulatory Commission about what regulation and licensing should look like on the municipal level. The city's new regulations follow California Gov. Jerry Brown's 2014 announcement that the state would begin regulating and licensing its medical marijuana industry—which previously operated in an unregulated legal grey-area—tracking the business from seed to sale. The legislation provides state licenses for business, but leaves the power and discretion of licensing mostly in the hands of municipalities.

City Council Member Desley Brooks, who did not respond to request for comment, added a last-minute equity amendment to the licensing regulation that could set a precedent for future cannabis regulation. The amendment states the opportunity and profits from Oakland's medical marijuana business should be routed to the communities directly impacted and disproportionately affected by the drug wars, meaning communities in East Oakland comprised of people of colour who deal with low-incomes, high unemployment rates, and, often, past criminal records.

In Oakland, arrests for marijuana possession or distribution have fallen since 2004, but African-American and Latinos still accounted for 85 percent of the city's marijuana-arrests in 2011 and 2013. Of the city's eight dispensaries, only one is black-owned.

"When you look at cannabis industry across nation," Brooks told NBC Bay Area on Wednesday, "it's dominated by people who are white and they make money. And the people who go to jail are black and brown. I wanted some parity. There needs to be equity in this industry."

The language of the amendment specifically points to the connection between incarceration and high unemployment:


Above, a screenshot from City Council Member Desley Brooks' amendment for Oakland's Equity Program via

Joe DeVries, an Oakland city administrator and staff contact for the Cannabis Regulatory Commission, told VICE over the phone that Brooks brought up the issue of equity while drafting the license and regulation laws last summer. At the time, the commission had included a local hiring ordinance in the bill, but had not considered creating pathways to business ownership for people of colour.

"We want to make sure the industry is open to everybody," DeVries said. "It really is ironic and sick that for decades young men of colour went to jail for something white men are now posed to make millions off."

The Equity Program seeks to address this racial imbalance. Since California state law bans governmental programs from considering gender, race, or religion as eligibility criteria when it comes to issuing public contracts, education, and employment, the council used arrest data as proxies to create eligibility criteria for the equity program applicants.

They came up with six police beats that had the highest marijuana arrests in 2013, and decided that 50 percent of all legal marijuana business licenses are to be granted to someone who's lived in one of these zones for at least two years, or has served time for a marijuana-related conviction that originated within the city of Oakland.

DeVries said the equity licenses' had two goals: to put victims of the drug war at the front of the line when it came to reaping the benefits of California's green rush, and to help bring already-established businesses out of the shadows and into compliance with the law.

Unlike the statewide licensing laws, the amendment explicitly bans the regulatory board from considering an applicant's marijuana-related criminal background when granting licenses.

"We want to create a pipeline for jobs," said DeVries, noting the police beats chosen also mapped to census tracts that were mostly low-income communities of colour where unemployment is high.

For more on weed, watch WEEDIQUETTE below:

Matt Hummel, chairman of Oakland's Cannabis Regulatory Commission, said it's not just about legalizing pot.

"When drafting these ordinances, we have to consider how pot was used as a weapon against black people," Hummel told VICE over the phone. "That's a harder job."

Hummel sees the equity permits aimed to get people of colour and Oakland residents with criminal convictions into ownership roles in the marijuana industry as just the tip of the iceberg.

"Now that we have our marching orders, we're inspired," Hummel said. The city will be hammering out what the application process looks like over the next month and part of that conversation will focus on expanding who qualifies. "I know of at least 15 police beats that should be included."

Lynne Lyman, state director of the Drug Policy Alliance's California chapter, notes that Oakland's Equity Program can serve as a model as other counties around the state figure out what their cannabis business licensing application system.

"Primarily, white men get places first," Lyman told VICE. "Giving women and people of colour priority when it comes to licensing helps level the playing field."

Many local activists commend the Equity Program for taking the idea of reparations for the drug war seriously, but wish the legislation was more expansive.

"The idea and intent behind Oakland's new regulation is incredible," Endria Richardson, a legal fellow at Essie Justice Group, a Bay Area non-profit working with incarcerated people and their families, told VICE. She argues that that eligibility requirement for receiving cannabis business licenses should be expanded to include any conviction anywhere in California.

"The drug war meant you could be arrested for any crime anywhere in California," Richardson said. "Not just for marijuana in your own community."

DeVries said the task force is open to expanding eligibility criteria, but cautions that cannabis legislation and regulation is just one piece of a much larger puzzle.

"That's getting into a much larger debate about restorative justice versus punitive justice," DeVries said.

READ: Why Now Is the 'Golden Age' of Selling Weed in New York, According to Dealers

Alex Zavell, a policy analyst working with San Francisco firm Robert Raich, wonders if the amendment's limited scope might have unintended negative consequences.

"We need to dispose of the notion that the bias was an unintended consequence of the war on drugs," Zavell told VICE, referencing the recent reveal by a Nixon's aide that the administration explicitly used drug laws to criminalize black power organizations and left-wing activists. "We have to be equally intentional when it comes to to legalization and ending prohibition."

Right now, Zavell argues, the equity program provides no affirmative economic benefits.

"It just gives people's licenses," Zavell said. "Licenses that come with restrictions."

The amendment requires that holders of the equity licenses maintain a 51 percent ownership in the business. Zavell warns that this restriction could prevent a business owner from offering up business shares in exchange for capital.

"The amendment does nothing to help the business succeed," Zavell said. "It does nothing to give these businesses a leg-up."

Zavell, along with the Bay Area collective Supernova, an advocacy organization representing people of colour in the cannabis industry, wrote a letter with recommendations for how Equity Permits could include more positive economic benefits for equity license recipients. The letter argues the program does not address start-up capital, one of the biggest barriers to entry.

According to the subjects interviewed for this article, preparing a competitive application for a brick-and-mortar medical marijuana dispensary license can cost upwards of $8,000. Plus, applicants have to prove they have the money to keep the business running, which in Oakland could mean at least half a million dollars—in other words, directly excluding low-income communities in the city.

Hummel of the Cannabis Regulatory Commission countered that the Equity Program ideally would create partnerships between people with equity licenses and people seeking marijuana business licenses, but he's also open to criticism.

"I want to make sure these licenses are help not a hindrance to the people who receive them," Hummel said, noting the kinks in the amendment will be ironed out in the coming month. "I know our target is right, but are we doing it wrong?"

Supernova and Zavell's recommendations include waiving the five percent city-tax imposed on cannabis businesses for businesses with an equity license.

"Such an exemption would provide a significant financial advantage for qualifying businesses," the letter states, "addressing the barrier to entry created by capital constraints."

For more on weed read 'A Colorado City Is Using Tax Money from Weed to Help the Homeless'

Across the Bay, Daisy Ozim is watching Oakland's Equity Program with interest. The only person of colour on the task force advising San Francisco's cannabis regulations, she plans to recommend the city implement similar priority-licensing as Oakland for communities impacted by the drug wars.

"No policy is perfect, especially working with a broken system," Ozim told VICE. "The equity licenses are a really good step."

She said her task force is recommending community-benefit-agreements, similar to ones it worked out with the tech industry, where cannabis businesses are subject to route a certain percent of profits back into community programs.

Over the phone, Zavell ticked off other ideas for policies and programs that would lower barriers to entry and help create a more just and equitable cannabis industry: waiving the license application fees, creating seed programs to fund cannabis businesses started by people of colour, or routing the tax revenues from cannabis business into communities directly impacted by the drug war.

Richardson agrees with Zavell and Supernova that reparations should address the economic disenfranchisement of black and Latino communities created by the drug wars.

"You can call it reparations, you can call it reinvestment," Richardson said, "but if you're going for fairness and justice than any policy needs to recognize there is emotional and psychological trauma, yes, but there was very real economic harm done to black and brown communities . So whatever reparations looks like, it should come in an economic form. It should be money."

Zavell notes that, despite his hesitancies about the program, it is still a historic measure.

"Look, in other counties and states, we're fighting against measures that seek to bar people with criminal convictions from participating in the cannabis industry at all," Zavell said. "The symbolic significance of Oakland's equity program is great. It's just the technicalities that worry me."

California votes on a statewide recreational use bill this fall. The proposed Adult Use of Marijuana Act gives counties discretion when considering a licensing applicant's criminal background, as does the state's current Medical Marijuana Regulations and Safety Act.

As marijuana legalization moves forward, Zavell and other activists hope local and state governments take more active steps towards addressing barriers to entry faced by people of colour and victims of the drug war in the cannabis industry, as well as help to create a just and equitable legal cannabis industry on the ground floor.

"Any just legalization or reform should not just be addressing the present moment and future," Richardson said, "but should be addressing the past, as well."

Follow Julia on Twitter.

Why the World’s Largest Church Still Worships Its Embezzling Former Leader

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Yoido Full Gospel, where one in 10 Korean Christians is baptized. Photos by Jo Turner

On Yoido Island, in central Seoul, every Sunday is a colossal production in Jesus worship.

Shuttle buses all over the city ferry tens of thousands of worshippers into the holy arms of Yoido Full Gospel Church. Service begins at 11:00, but by 10:20 the only available pews are far out in the bleachers.

Seven singers warm the congregants up with hymns and songs of Armageddon and God's love. At 11:00 it becomes hushed, and the first of a series of pastors stands and begs the blessings of the Lord—for the nation, for the government, for protection from North Korean nuclear weapons, for the young and the old, the sick and the weak, and for Pastors Lee Younghoon and Cho Yonggi.

The orchestra plays, the choir sings. And then Pastor Lee comes to the lectern. For those in the bleachers he is a speck in the distance, but for everyone there he is a giant of modern preaching, the anointed successor at this, the largest church in the world, where one in 10 Korean Christians is baptized.

Lee is a magnificent presence in his satin robes, his jet black hair combed back, his black square glasses, his only-slightly jowly face. He sings and he prays, and the crowd loses their shit. They break out in tongues, they sing Hallelujah, they raise their arms, they cry, they collapse.

And then Lee delivers his gentle sermon, of wayward homosexuals returning to God's fold, of the Lord curing cancer, of the importance of thanksgiving and salvation, in this world and the next. He literally thumps the Bible.

At the end of service, red velvet bags are passed around to collect the tithes. A tenor blazes out a magnificent Korean version of Amazing Grace, and the congregants file out by the thousands, bumping shoulders with the thousands filing in, lined up for the next service's money seats.

Preacher, healer, felon

For years, Yoido Full Gospel Church was inseparable from the name Cho Yonggi, also known as Paul or David Cho. The 79-year old Pentecostal preacher was raised a Buddhist in the 1940s and 1950s, one of the darkest periods in Korean history—Japanese occupation, the division of the peninsula by the Great Powers, the Korean War, and then years of desperate poverty.

At 17 he was cured of tuberculosis—he says by God. He converted to Christianity, and in 1958 he set up the Yoido Full Gospel Church, in a tent, with only five people present. Today it has 830,000 registered members, making it the largest single church congregation in the world. Every Sunday, between 150,000 and 200,000 congregants visit the church, for one of its seven Sunday services.


And there is more than just the church. There is Onsanri Choi Jashil Memorial Fasting Prayer Mountain, a retreat; the Kukmin Ilbo, a daily newspaper; a host of seminaries, theological institutes, and biblical universities, both in Korea and abroad; and numerous social welfare organizations and international ministries, including a hospital in North Korea.

Cho Yonggi is many different things to different people: a grandfatherly figure; a savior to hundreds of thousands of souls; a miracle-worker who has made the lame walk and the sick well; an ambassador to the world who speaks excellent English for one who has never lived outside Korea; and a convicted fraudster, who in 2014 was handed a three-year suspended sentence for embezzling $12 million in church funds.

Cho is extremely charismatic—whenever I see him preach, I want to give him a hug and cry at his knee. He smiles, he is kindly, he is the Korean grandfather I never knew I needed. In interviews he speaks sweetly and candidly about how he believes the gospel is meant to make you rich—not just in the next life, but right here, right now.

"Cho Yonggi has expanded reward of becoming a Christian to include health and prosperity. And he did it very openly," professor Andrew Eungi Kim of Korea University told VICE. "You accept Jesus Christ as your saviour, you are not only promised eternal life, but also you live long, healthily, and you will prosper. You will make a lot of money."

Cho refused to grant VICE an interview for this story, but in 2012 he told PBS, "Many people are accusing me that I'm preaching the gospel of prosperity, but I'm not afraid of being accused, because if gospel could not bring prosperity to other people, suffering people, what can you do for them?"

He further insisted that it was only through the grace of Jesus Christ that South Korea has become prosperous, thanks to the millions of conversions since the war. "You come and try to study the reason of prosperity," Cho said. "You can't find out any reason, because we don't have a good politician so far. We don't have great business people."

A spokesperson for the church, who refused to provide a name and would only answer questions in Korean by email, said, "If the prosperity gospel poses only that of prosperity without Jesus's holy cross, we don't trust that kind of theology." However, he or she added that "premised on the cross-gospel, we believe God shall make us thrive and wealthy." Essentially, riches without God is bad, but riches with God is awesome.

The spokesperson admitted that the church is structured like a corporation, hierarchically with separate departments led by managers, and over 400 employees. It's like this "to preach and save people more efficiently. As a general firm's goal should be making of profits, our church's goal is saving souls and redemption."

Shamans in mega-churches

Cho is often referred to by his detractors as "Shaman Cho," because his focus on individual prosperity is similar to the shamans of old that Koreans have believed in for millennia. Shamans heal the sick by driving out evil spirits, and pray for material reward and prosperity.

Korea University's Kim says this is an essential part of Cho's appeal. "Before anyone in Korea is Buddhist or Christian, he or she is basically very shamanistic," he said.

Cho often preaches that if you want something in life, it will come, and if you don't have it yet, you just need to pray more. He sometimes sounds like a self-help speaker on Oprah.

Cho's sermons are also replete with stories of faith healings, which are always followed by wild applause from the congregation. He tells about how he drives the Devil from the possessed, how he caused a wheelchair-bound woman to walk, how he can cure cancer and mental illness. Everyone I spoke to at the church believed absolutely that Cho performed miracles, with a single exception, a university student who refused to give his name. He was on the fence about it.

The church's spokesperson denied that Cho himself cures anything. It's all the Holy Spirit's work. "What people are experiencing is the ill becoming healed not based of the pastor's ability, but because of the Holy Spirit. It wasn't the senior pastor himself, it was an appearance of the Holy Spirit through the senior pastor." The spokesperson said miracle healing "can be proven through the bible."

Regardless of who is doing the healing, this is not strange to Koreans. "What Cho Yonggi did, and many of his imitators do, was to do something that was so familiar to Koreans, because that's what they grew up seeing, these shamans performing these rituals to heal the sick," Kim said.

And Cho has many imitators. Though Christians represent roughly 30 percent of the population, they are highly represented among upper-class, urban, well-educated Koreans. The Korean skyline is dotted with red neon crosses. Proselytizers are everywhere, handing out flyers and packs of tissue paper with bible passages on them. Last year's LGBT Pride parade had to be walled off from the hordes of Christian protesters. And South Korea sends more missionaries abroad than any other country, except the United States.

Mega-churches are popular with Koreans, who live in a very group-centred, organization-heavy culture. You are defined by what you are a part of, and it's good to be part of something big. Of the 20 biggest churches in the world, Korea has five of them.

Rick Alan Ross, executive director of the Cult Education Institute in New Jersey, told VICE that he has had several complaints about Yoido Full Gospel, but he doesn't label it a cult. Rather, it's "a very controversial church that has a history of complaints and controversy surrounding it." The main complaint, is that "Yonggi Cho occupies a position of singular authority, and to some extent has become an object of worship."

In 2008, Cho retired as senior pastor and handed those duties off to Lee Younghoon. And though Lee's services seem more popular, Cho still preaches every Sunday, and he appears undiminished in his influence, at least on the congregants.

Cho Youngsoon (no relation to Rev. Cho) stands on a corner every Sunday by the church, preaching and raising money to buy bibles for prisoners. He says he attends the church because of Pastor Cho. "He suffered from a lung disease, and God cured it," Cho told me. "Rev. Cho has helped people all over the world. He has helped people cure themselves, he has witnessed many miracles. People who couldn't walk were able to walk again Rev. Cho laid hands on the person."

Yoo Jae-hong, one of the church's hundreds of volunteers, says it is because of Rev. Cho that he attends Yoido Full Gospel. "I come here because I believe Reverend Cho can perform miracles. It's something I believe inside."

Faith over fraud

Even the courts can't convince the faithful that Cho is a con-man. Ex-members, including senior leaders, have accused the church of massive fraud, totalling up to $500 million. Those allegations remain unproven.

What was proven, however, was that in 2002, Pastor Cho instructed the church to buy $12 million in stocks privately owned by his eldest son, Cho Hee-jun, at prices four times higher than their market value. He also dodged $2.9 million in taxes in the same deal. The Reverend received a three-year sentence, suspended five years, and was fined $4,200,000. His son was jailed three years.

Cho has said very little about his conviction to the media. But in his last sermon of 2015, he complained that he had been "stripped with lies" all year. When I asked the spokesperson what that meant, they wouldn't comment, except to note that Lee Younghoon was now senior pastor.

When I asked if the church had made Reverends Cho and Lee wealthy, the spokesperson replied, "It's God who makes us wealthy."

Normally, Cho is controlled, calm, and kindly, but occasionally he lets his tongue slip. When a massive earthquake and typhoon hit Japan in 2011, he accused the Japanese of bringing it on themselves with idol worship. That same year, he campaigned against the legalization of Islamic "sukuk" bonds, saying they would aid terrorists.

Meanwhile, the church roars on. Besides seven services every Sunday, they host three early morning services every day; three Wednesday services; a Saturday morning service; and a Friday evening service that stretches through the night. Then there are hundreds of smaller services and bible studies throughout the block of buildings owned by the church.

Shin Myong-ja used to go to a smaller church, but switched to Yoido Full Gospel because "there is grace here." She doesn't know much about the fraud allegations, but they don't concern her too much.

"We must forgive his mistakes," she told me. "I don't want the church to decline because it's doing great things now."

Follow Dave Hazzan on Twitter.


The VICE Reader: I Wrote 150 Porno Novels in Five Years

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The following is an excerpt from 'Sin-a-Rama: Sleaze Sex Paperbacks of the Sixties,' a new anthology about the smut-filled porno novels that sold by the millions throughout the decade. In the following essay, Hugo Award-winning science fiction writer Robert Silverberg divulges how he and other authors learned their sleaze craft. 'Sin-a-Rama' is out now through Feral House publishing.

This is how I might write it if I were writing it today:

"Come on," she said, her green eyes wild with hunger for it. "Are you ready to fuck or aren't you?"

Her clothes dropped away and instantly, at the sight of her full, hard-nippled breasts and the dense, dark thatch of hair at the base of her belly, his cock sprang up into aching rigidity. She grinned and came toward him and knelt before him, slipping one hand under his balls and grasping his stiff shaft with the other.

"Go on," Holman said hoarsely. "Suck it! Oh, Jesus, suck it, babe!"

She tickled the tip of his dick with her tongue and rubbed it voluptuously for a moment or two between the heavy mounds of her tits, and then her lips slid over him and she took him into her mouth. Deep. Amazingly deep. And moved slowly back and forth, back and forth, wringing moans from him, driving him wild with sensation. Her mouth was as soft and as sweet as a velvet cunt. She squeezed his balls lightly as she sucked. He could feel the jism starting to pulse within him, on the verge of leaping forth into her throat. But then she pulled back and spread herself for him, and an instant later, to his amazement and delight, his hard cock was plunging into the hot, throbbing depths of her moist pussy, and—

The year was 1959, though, and the American government's ideas of what was permissible to print and sell through normal commercial channels was very different, so this is what I actually wrote:

She undid the garter-belt herself, and rolled down the stockings, and then she was nude, and he stood up, dropping his trousers, and she reached out and caught his arm and pulled him down again, and they rolled off the couch together, down onto the carpeted floor.

For what might have been an hour they lay there, side by side, lips glued, hands roaming up and down bodies, breath coming shorter and shorter. Holman opened his eyes and saw her staring at him, her eyes moist and the pupils that peculiar shade of green again. He smiled into her eyes and brought his fingers lightly down the small of her back, pausing at the dimples just above her firm, swelling buttocks.

It was like pulling a trigger. She began to gasp excitedly, and she dragged him over on top of her, her eyes going tight shut, her lips drooping open, moist and passionate.

"Now, darling! Take me now!"

She shuddered convulsively as the moment of union came. Her thighs tightened around him, and she began to writhe and moan—an animal moan, low and deep in her throat, coming from the same place that those deep, sad blues came from.

Holman clenched his teeth and gripped her shoulders tight, and she cried out three times, a whimper of excitement following, and then they were thundering away together on a tornado of passion, and she dug her fingernails into the skin of his back and gasped out breathlessly, "Oh oh oh oh," and Holman felt the explosion in his loins, and then they were lying quietly all of a sudden, limp and sweat-soaked, and he could feel the pounding of her heart when he touched her breasts, and the fireworks stopped.

It was over.

Hot stuff, yes? Well, actually it is, in its quaint fashion. No tits or cocks or cunts are mentioned, or any other nasty Anglo-Saxon words, no clits, no moist pussies, no vivid descriptions whatsoever of genital organs, erect or otherwise—not even of pubic hair; and an orgasm isn't a fountain of hot jism or anything else anatomically specific, it's a metaphorical "explosion in the loins." People don't fuck or screw, they experience "union." The tone is very antiseptic, almost prim, you would say. Even so, all the basic ingredients of the good old beast with two backs are there, the moans and groans, whimpers of excitement, and, yes, the explosion in the loins—everything you would want in a scene describing passionate sex, if you were living in 1959.

This was, in fact, the opening erotic passage in Love Addict, published by Nightstand Books of Chicago in October of that year—the first of about 150 novels of what we now would regard as very innocent softcore porn that I would write over the next five years for Nightstand under the pseudonym of "Don Elliott."

That's right. 150 full-length novels in five years. 30 a year, better than one every two weeks, month in and month out, between 1959 and 1964. Written on a manual typewriter, no less. (There were no computers then, not even IBM Selectric typewriters.) Other writers whose names would surprise you very much were turning the books out at almost the same sizzling pace. We were fast in those days. But of course we were very young.

I was 24 years old when I stumbled, much to my surprise, into a career of writing sex novels. I was then, as I am now, primarily known as a science-fiction writer. But in 1958, as a result of a behind-the-scenes convulsion in the magazine-distribution business, the whole s-f publishing world went belly up. A dozen or so magazines for which I had been writing regularly ceased publication overnight; and as for the tiny market for s-f novels (two paperback houses and one hardcover) it suddenly became so tight that unless you were one of the first-magnitude stars like Robert Heinlein or Isaac Asimov you were out of luck.

'Spicy Meatball Swap' by H.C. Hawkes cover art by Robert Bonfils

I had been earning a very nice living writing s-f since my graduation from college a few years earlier. I had a posh five-room apartment on Manhattan's exclusive West End Avenue ($150 a month rent—a fortune then!), I had fallen into the habit of spending my summer vacations in places like London and Paris, I ate at the best restaurants, I was learning something about fine wines. And suddenly two thirds of the magazines I wrote for were out of business, with a slew of older and better established writers competing for the few remaining slots.

But I was fast on my feet, and I had some good friends. One of them was Harlan Ellison, a science-fiction writer of my own age, who—seeing the handwriting on the wall in the s-f world—had left New York to accept a job in Chicago as editor of Rogue, an early men's magazine that was trying with some success to compete with its crosstown neighbor, Playboy. The publisher of Rogue was William L. Hamling, a clean-cut young Chicago suburbanite whose first great love, like Harlan's and mine, had been science fiction. Bill Hamling had published an s-f magazine called Imagination, which bought one of my first stories in 1954. From 1956 on, he had paid me $500 a month to churn out epics of the spaceways for him on a contract basis. Now, though, Imagination was gone, and Hamling's only remaining publishing endeavor was his bi-monthly girlie magazine.

Harlan, soon after going to work for him, convinced Bill that the future lay in paperback erotic novels. Hamling thought about it for about six minutes and agreed. And then Harlan called me.

"I have a deal for you, if you're interested," he said. "One sex novel a month, 50,000 words. $600 per book. We need the first one by the end of July."

It was then the beginning of July. I didn't hesitate. $600 a month was big money in those days, especially when you were a young writer at your wits' end because all your regular markets had crashed and burned. One book would pay four months' rent. They were going to publish two paperbacks a month, and I was being offered a chance to write half the list myself. "You bet," I said. By the end of July, Harlan had Love Addict—a searing novel of hopeless hungers, demanding bodies, girls trapped in a torment of their own making, et cetera, et cetera. (I'm quoting from the jacket copy.)

Bill Hamling loved Love Addict. By return mail came my six hundred bucks and a request for more books. I turned in Gang Girl in September. I did The Love Goddess in October. Later that month I wrote Summertime Affair also. Two novels the same month? Why not? I was fast, I was hungry, I was good.

In October, also, the first two Nightstand Books went on sale—mine and something called Lust Club, by another young writer who also was making a quick adaptation to changes in his writing markets. His book, like mine, was really pretty tame stuff. What we were writing, basically, were straightforward novels of contemporary life, with very mild interludes of sexual activity every 20 or 30 pages. But the characters actually did go to bed with each other, and we did try to describe what they were doing and how they felt in as much detail as the government would allow.

At that time, fairly rigid censorship still prevailed in American publishing. It was illegal to publish or sell such classics of erotic literature as Tropic of Cancer or Lady Chatterley's Lover, and even the presence of words like "fuck" or "cunt" in a book could bring its publisher a call from the district attorney's office. To a reading public eager for vicarious sexual thrills, Bill Hamling's Nightstand Books, which were openly and widely distributed, offered a commodity that was in instant and enormous demand. Incredible quantities of the first two books were sold. It was impossible to reprint them fast enough. Hamling sent me a bonus of $200 for each book I had written thus far, and raised my price to $800 from then on. And he decided to publish four titles a month instead of two. "Can you possibly write two books a month for us?" he asked.

'Mata Harlot' by Gregg Stevens, cover artist unknown 1969

A Nightstand Book, you understand, was a 212-page double-spaced manuscript. I was setting myself up for an unthinkable amount of typing—not to mention the problem of inventing plots, characters, setting, all that stuff. But I didn't hesitate to say yes. I could type quickly and I could think quickly. And I had arrived at a perfect formula for these books. They were stories about ordinary people who were in the grip of powerful sexual obsessions that got them into trouble.

What I did was take a sympathetic character (male or female, it made no difference) who has normal, healthy sexual desires that are somehow being frustrated—the hard-working husband who suddenly feels a powerful need to have an affair, the woman who unexpectedly discovers that drinking too much makes her want to let go of her sexual inhibitions, with all the risk that that involves. Remove the frustration. But the fulfillment of the desires leads to complications and then more complications, which create tensions that can best be satisfied by more sex, and so on and on, in and out of bed and in and out of trouble, until in the end everything is resolved and the protagonist's life shows signs of becoming calmer.

Any setting would do. I just had to pick my characters and set them in motion against a vivid background. I told tales of illicit goings on at plush Caribbean resorts, of high school kids learning what to do with their bodies, of suburban swap clubs. Where I could make use of my own experiences, such as they had been at the age of 25 or so, I did. The rest I spun out of whole cloth, or out of my own teeming, steamy fantasies. (I had grown up in the repressed 50s, and had plenty to fantasize about.)

I wrote Pawn of Lust and Nudist Camp in November, 1959. I wrote Warped Lusts and Suburban Wife in December. January produced only Sin on Wheels, but in February came Sin Ranch and Trap of Desire. And so on and so on, month after month. Each book took me exactly six days: one chapter of 16–18 pages before lunch, one of 16–18 pages after lunch, 12 chapters and 212 pages in all. No book came out short and none, of course, ran long: I became adept in moving my characters around in such a way that the climax of the plot always arrived on schedule in Chapter Twelve. The books sold well and more retroactive bonuses were paid me for the early titles. Now I was getting $1200 a book for the new ones. That was an income of better than a thousand dollars a week at a time when dinner for two at the finest restaurant in New York cost about $40, including a bottle of first-rate French wine. My new career in pornography was rapidly making me rich.

I felt absolutely unabashed about what I was doing. Writing was my job, and I was working hard and telling crisp, exciting stories. What difference did it make, really, that they were stories about people caught in tense sexual situations instead of people exploring the slime-pits of Aldebaran IX? I experienced the joy—and there is one, believe me—of working hard and steadily, long hours sitting at a typing table under the summer sun, creating scenes of erotic tension as fast as my fingers could move. Of course, what I was writing was not "respectable," not even slightly, and so when people asked me what I did for a living I told them I was a science-fiction writer. (I was still writing some of that, too, as a sideline.) I could hardly tell my neighbors in my elegant suburban community that I was a professional pornographer.

But was I really writing pornography?

Not if the use of "obscene" words or graphic physiological description is your definition of pornography. As the sample I quoted above should show, the stuff was really laughably demure. Everything was done by euphemism and metaphor. No explicit anatomical descriptions were allowed, no naughty words. About as far as you could go was a phrase like "they were lying together, and he felt the urgent thrust of her body against him, and his aroused maleness was penetrating her, and he felt the warm soft moist clasping and the tightening..."

'Mistress of Satan's Roost' by Jack Kahler, cover artist unknown 1967

Unmistakably these people are Doing It. But his "maleness" is what's penetrating her, not his cock or his prick or his dick, and something is clasping and tightening, presumably a vagina, but we aren't told that in so many syllables. Characters didn't "come" —they reached "the moment of ecstasy." Men had neither cocks nor balls; they had "loins." Foreplay was a matter of cupping breasts and letting a hand "slip lower on her body." Anal sex? No such concept. Dildos and other sex toys? Forget it. Oral sex was indicated by saying, "He kissed her here and he kissed her there, and then he kissed her there." And so forth. None of it was much spicier than Peter Rabbit.

I limited myself to words that were in the dictionary because I had been warned at the outset that the publisher would not tolerate what he termed "vulgarisms" in the books. One reason for this was that he genuinely didn't like them—he was basically a very earnest and straight type of guy, who would much rather have been publishing science fiction—but also he knew that might very well go to jail if he started printing them. Jail, yes—no matter what the First Amendment might say. (And eventually he did, many years later—not for publishing sexy novels, but for violating the postal code by sending an advertisement for an illustrated history of erotic art and literature through the mails!)

The list of what was a "vulgarism," though, kept changing in line with various court actions and rulings affecting Nightstand's competitors in the rapidly expanding erotic-book business. All across the nation, bluenosed civic authorities were trying to stamp out this new plague of smut. Whenever a liberal-minded judge threw out a censor's case, the word came down to us that we could take a few more risks in what we wrote, although our prose remained exceedingly pure by later publishing standards. And whenever some unfortunate publisher was hit by a fine, the word was passed to the little crew of Nightstand regulars that we had to try to be more proper.

One day the word "it" became a vulgarism. "It" as in "'Do it,' she cried," I mean. By this time Harlan Ellison had moved along to Hollywood, and my Nightstand editor in Chicago was Algis Budrys, another top science-fiction writer who had found it necessary after the s-f crash to switch from freelance writing to editing. Budrys phoned me to say that I must restrict my use of "it" from now on. I took a look at a recently published book of mine and saw that they had indeed changed all my "it"s to "that"s, creating stuff like: "Do that,' she cried. 'I want that! I want that!'"

This sounded nuts to me, and I told Budrys I would refuse to abide by it. To prove it, I turned in a book in which "it" was just about every other word: "Give it to me! I want it! It! It! I must have it!" I was the star of the line, the first and most reliable and prolific writer they had, and I got my way. "It" was removed from the list of vulgarisms.

'Donnie and Clyde' by Sam Dodd, cover art by Darrel Millsap 1968

By this time—it was about 1962—I was turning out three Nightstand books a month. It was a fantastic amount of work to do, but I had no choice. Like many writers (Sir Walter Scott, for example, or Mark Twain) I had gone in for owning fancy real estate. I had bought myself an enormous mansion in the finest residential neighborhood of New York City, close to the Westchester County line, for the immense sum (then) of $80,000. The place had 20 rooms, all of which needed to be painted and furnished, and then too I had to think about the heating bill, property taxes, etc., etc. So I upped the output. The record for June, 1962, for example, shows Unnatural, Illicit Joys, and The Flesh is Willing—a typically productive month. That month the plumbing in the house broke down and I remember a team of five plumbers digging around in the back yard, simply trying to locate the water main, while I sat upstairs trying to turn out words fast enough to earn more than their combined hourly rate. And did.

One way I managed to keep up this amazing level of output was to assemble a sheaf of what I called "modules"—prefabricated sex scenes that I could simply plug into any book. Plots and characters had to change from book to book, of course, but under the highly restrictive rules we were forced to use there were only so many ways to describe what my people were up to in bed, and so I extracted relevant scenes from my books—a basic seduction scene, a copulation scene, a voyeurism scene, a rape scene, a lesbian scene, and so on—and recycled them into the new manuscripts in the appropriate places, as needed. Nobody ever objected. (If computers had existed then, I could have done it all with a single keystroke. Instead I had to type it all out, over and over.)

The Nightstand line now was running to eight or ten books a month, maybe more, and as the list grew, a lot of other clever young men joined the roster of writers. (Entry to the list was by invitation only—the publisher didn't want to deal with amateurs, only with crafty young pros.) In an insecure career like freelance writing, those guaranteed monthly checks were very tempting. You would probably be astonished at how many eventually-famous writers were among my colleagues at Nightstand. We were like a bunch of future major-leaguers getting a chance to sharpen our skills in Triple-A minor-league baseball.

I won't name names, because it's not my place to do so. But I can tell you that two of today's most widely admired mystery novelists, now enormously popular and successful, were Nightstand regulars under the names of "Andrew Shaw" and "Alan Marshall." Their work for Nightstand usually had a broadly comic touch, which mine never did. (Sex was always Serious Stuff to me.) Another, who wrote under the name of "J.X. Williams," became a major best-selling author of historical novels, specializing in American history, and I mean major. The author of the "Don Bellmore" books went on to a career as a Hollywood writer. "Clyde Allison" was the pseudonym used by a brilliant young mainstream novelist who died of alcoholism while still in his thirties. And, though I have no proof of this, I was told on good authority long ago that one of the Nightstand writers was a man who was already a best-selling author even then, and who was knocking out Nightstands on the side for the fun of it, without his wife's knowledge (or his regular publisher's) and having the payments sent to the mistress he was keeping.

We were all working hard, and having fun, and making plenty of money. (So was the publisher, who left Chicago for a Palm Springs estate.) Of course, all sorts of governmental units right up to the Federal level were trying to put us out of business, and there were indictments all over the place, and a nasty censorship trial in Houston. Since we writers worked under pseudonyms, and got our checks from a dummy corporation, we weren't involved in that. But one day the FBI came to talk to me. It was all very silly. I received them in the paneled library of my imposing mansion.

We chatted about my writing—my science fiction writing. I showed them a few recent books on archaeology and science for young readers I had written—I was doing that too, in my spare time, and I just happened to have the books close at hand. The word "pornography" was never mentioned. They did ask me if I had ever done business with a company called Such-and-Such Enterprises. Evidently that was one of the dummy corporations that paid the writers for the Nightstand Lines; but it so happened that my checks came from This-and-That Enterprises instead, a different dummy corporation, and the nice FBI men had gotten things mixed up. "No," I said, absolutely truthfully. "I've never done business with Such-and-Such. I've never even heard of them." And that was that. The FBI men left, probably thinking there was some case of mistaken identity here, and no one ever bothered me again.

'No Virgins in Cham Ky' by John Dexter, cover art by Robert Bonfils 1967

But I did stop writing for Nightstand a year or so later—not because I was afraid of more government harassment, but because after 150 erotic novels in five years, I was getting pretty tired of marching my characters in and out of bedrooms. I wanted to get back to the intellectual challenge of science fiction, which was making a strong commercial recovery after its slump of the late 50s.

And my non-fiction books on archaeology and science were very successful too; I wanted time to do more of those. So in a final flurry—E for Eros, One Night Stand, Sin Kitten—I went out of the business of writing erotic novels.

But I have no regrets about those five years in the sex-book factory—none. I don't think any of us who wrote Nightstands do. It isn't just that I earned enough by writing them to pay for that big house and my trips to Europe. I developed and honed important professional skills, too, while I was pounding out all those books.

Working at fantastic speeds (I once did a complete novel in three and one-half days, just to see if I could) we mastered the knack of improvising plots from scratch and making everything work out neatly at the required 50,000-word length: a wonderful exercise in structural discipline that has stood me in good stead ever since. There was no time to make mistakes: we had to get it right on the first draft, and we did, telling good stories in crisp, no-nonsense prose. And because we worked under pen names, we were free to let all inhibitions drop away and push our characters to their limits, without worrying about what anyone else—friends, relatives, book reviewers— might say or think about our work. We had ourselves a ball, and got paid nicely while we were doing it.

And also we never forgot that we were doing the fundamental thing that writers are supposed to do: providing pleasure and entertainment for readers who genuinely loved our work. Huge numbers of the books were snapped up as fast as they came from the presses, which meant that they filled a need, that somebody appreciated them a whole lot. It meant something to me to know that my novels were brightening the lives of a vast host of people in those dim dark days of 30-plus years ago when puritanism was riding high and sex was in chains.

150 novels! Passion Patsy! Flesh Flames! Sin Hellion! The Orgy Boys! Writing those books was a terrific experience and I look back fondly on it without shame, without apologies.

'Sin-a-Rama' is out now through Feral House publishing. To order a copy or learn more about the anthology, visit their website here.

First-Person Shooter: Photos of Fancy Cheese in an Underground 'Cheese Cave'

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In this week's installment of First-Person Shooter, we gave two cameras to Sam Frank, a cheese affineur or cheese ager, who works in the Crown Finish Caves in Crown Heights, Brooklyn. As a cheese professional who's been working with dairy since attending college in Vermont, Sam helps age and ripen over 25,000 pounds of cheese that resides in a dank, dark cave built in the 19th century, located below the streets of Brooklyn.

On top of shooting photos of him and his coworkers flipping, washing, and brining cheeses, Sam also snapped a few #cheeseporn-worthy shots and hung out on the business's roof where the cheese team harvests organic honey. Sam ended his day serving fancy cheese plates at a gala in Prospect Park. Below, he answered a couple questions about the history of the cheese cave, the benefits of cheese mites, and how he got into this unique, stinky craft.

VICE: What was your day like?
Sam Frank: First, I had some coffee in the office with my coworkers and we discussed the day. Then I headed down to the caves to tend to the aging cheeses. In the afternoon, we all took a break together to go on the roof to have some coffee, a ton of cheese, and do some beekeeping.

Later, I went back down to the caves to finish up all the cheese care, and after that spent a long time cleaning. We do a lot of cleaning. That night there was a benefit gala at the Prospect Park Boathouse where we were dishing out cheese plates with Whole Foods. There were a lot of good cocktails.

How did you get into cheese professionally?
I got into cheese when I dropped out of the University of Vermont, funnily enough. My former RA was working at a nearby farm making farmhouse cheddar and got me an assistant cheesemaker position.

What is it about cheese that interests you, exactly?
Why cheese? On page one of his seminal book, American Farmstead Cheese, Dr. Paul Kindstedt from the University of Vermont answers that: "The extraordinary diversity of cheese flavors, textures, aromas, and visual characteristics almost defies the imagination, especially in light of the fact that the starting point for all cheeses is mere milk, a bland, nondescript liquid."

What is the purpose of a cheese cave? How much cheese does it hold?
The cave can hold up to around 25,000 pounds of cheese at any given time. Unless it's meant to be eaten fresh, most cheeses need to ripen for a period of time that can last anywhere from a couple of days up to a couple of years, depending on the style. The ideal environment for ripening cheese is cool and damp—literally dank, hence the cheese cave. We happen to be in an old "lagering" tunnel about 30 feet below a long-defunct brewery that operated from the mid-1800s up until the Prohibition. Over 100 years ago, there was beer aging there. Now there's cheese. Caring for aging cheese is known as affinage and the person doing it is the affineur.

What are your normal duties in the cheese cave?
My normal duties are flipping cheeses, brushing cheeses, washing cheeses, and lots and lots of cleaning. Flipping to maintain even moisture content throughout the cheese during aging. Brushing or washing in order to control the growth of certain microbes on the rind while promoting the growth of certain others (and that all depends on the style of cheese you're working with). Lots of cleaning because food safety is a pretty major priority in the dairy processing industry.

How many people work in the cave?
Right now, there are six people working at Crown Finish Caves, including the husband/wife team bosses. There's two of us that primarily do affinage work in the cave, but everyone is regularly chipping in.

What are the cheese mites in the photos? Are they real bugs?
Yep. There are certain species of mites that proliferate on aging cheeses. A lot of the work is brushing mites off of cheese. They actually do contribute a nice, sort of earthy or woodsy flavor profile to some cheeses, though.

What's with the pics of the bees and the hazmat suits?
My bosses have kept honey bees on the roof for years. They were putting more frames into an active beehive, so a suit like that prevents one from getting stung, as does "smoking them out."

How can the public try some cheese?
Every third Thursday, CFC hosts Third Curdsday. We bring a crap load of cheese to a bar, and people just hang out and drink beers and eat cheese. We pick a different bar every time, but usually try to keep it local to our Crown Heights area of Brooklyn. Sign up for our newsletter here, or like us on Facebook to find out where the next one will be.

Follow Julian on Instagram and visit his website to see his own photo work.

We Asked Sex Workers What Makes Their Favourite Clients Special

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This article originally appeared on VICE UK

When people hear I'm a dominatrix, they often start asking me questions, most of which I'm happy to answer. But I've heard one too many times: Who are your favourite clients? People seem to want exciting stories about weird and wonderful fetishes, about celebrities and politicians. I get it. The relationship between sex workers and clients fascinates us because it's taboo. But sex work is work, and my favourite clients are like a writer's, or a plumber's: they're the ones who treat me with respect.

That's where demystifying sex work comes in. As organizations like Amnesty International and the UN's World Health Organization have shown through their research, sex workers worldwide battle systemic violence and health risk, not because of what we do but because it's stigmatized and against the law. Because sex work and the activities that make it safer are generally criminalized, we often can't expect support from police if we're assaulted or raped. Black sex workers, trans women, immigrants and disabled people face higher risks, as do as sex-working parents and street-based sex workers.

We're still seen as social pariahs, even here in the UK, where a single sex worker working alone is legal but breaks the law if she works with a friend for safety. So, really, our favourite clients are the ones that respect our screening processes, that pay us, that don't bully us or stalk us or subject us to their racist rants while we, on the clock, smile and nod.

My favourites read my website properly, learning my hours, fees, services and how I prefer to be contacted. They don't whinge if I ask for a deposit, and they don't request services I don't provide. They respect my time. They don't call with cocks in hand for free sexy chat, or show up early while I'm still lacing myself into my corset.

Favourites communicate well, and come back: the longer I'm seeing someone, the more fun we have. A three-year client of mine enjoys severe pain, and she's a favourite because we've put our heads together to invent novel ways to give her the experience she's looking for safely and effectively. I asked some other sex workers about what makes a client a favourite, and here's what they had to say.

Britney*
25 years old
Midwest United States

I find that my best clients are often older (65+) gentlemen. This may because they're in a new phase of life that leaves them feeling lonely. At the same time, they also understand the boundaries of a client-provider relationship, without challenging their position within it. These clients visit again and again.

Neil is 96, adorable, and ancient. We've never gone beyond cuddling or light kisses across my body while we're both still clothed from the waist down, in panties, or underwear. Being respectful of limits doesn't even begin to derive his cautiousness with me. It's so refreshing to know that my safety, health, and privacy aren't at risk when with him! In spite of how prude our appointments seem, they're often quite intimate as we candidly share pieces of our lives with each other.

Then there's Terry, in his late 60s; a firecracker attorney who loves latex fashion and spike stilettos. He's slowly been losing his witty banter over the past three years. Despite being an adventurous fella and creative in the bedroom, his vision is deteriorating and he definitely needs his heart monitor with me. Our sessions are physically demanding, and his generosity spills over in the form of gifts and tips. Ultimately, our client-provider relationship sits on a firm foundation of trust and appreciation that doesn't go unnoticed.

Alicia*
19 years old
South-West UK

N was intrigued by my honesty and outspoken opinions. Unlike the worst of my clients, he isn't condescending because of my education level or age. Our professional relationship very closely resembles a friendship, but one where the boundaries are still firmly drawn and kept clear. He's a favourite because, through working with him, I learned that I like to market myself based on personality as well as looks. Now, I make it explicitly clear that I don't want clients booking me because I'm a hot teenager, but because I'm a hot teenager "and more."

K, another favourite, likes to run the show during our sexual encounters—which I like, as I can sometimes get a bit self-conscious taking the initiative. Over time I've felt comfortable suggesting new ideas for us. With K it feels very much like a growing professional relationship, sexually, but also like a friendship.

My best bookings have always been with clients like these that appear to enjoy their time with me, not just thanks to the quality of the service I provide or how I look but also largely in part because they genuinely like who I am as a person. I'll always appreciate clients who are clean, on time, respect my personal and professional boundaries, and pay me well, but what makes a client a favourite is when we actually like each other as people, too.

Cordelia
26 years old
London

My favourite clients aren't the youngest or the most attractive. They're the ones who make me feel like they mean it when they tell me I look fabulous, even if I turn up with a run in my stockings or a chipped nail, or shoes they've seen before. They send me pictures of their pets, not their dicks, and we respect each other's privacy.

My favourite clients understand that when I cancel, it's because I'm human, and I also have health, travel, or family emergencies. They never act entitled to my time, either online or in person. They pay my full fee when they cancel at short notice, because they understand that I'll have been counting on that income and, as a business person, that I have expenses that must be paid regardless of whether the appointment takes place. My favourite clients are playful, clean, generous, and respectful.

They don't expect me to listen to transphobia or racism, and they understand that our transaction is an unusual one, often made possible in part because of forces of marginalization and oppression in our society.

Some of my favourite clients introduce their partners to me, and give sessions as gifts, without any thought to themselves, other than they are making us both happy. This is, in my eyes, a very feminist act: it says that women deserve the kind of pleasure that men routinely pay for. It's important to note, though, that the gender spectrum of my clients isn't all men with women partners.

*Some names have been changed

Follow Margaret and Cei on Twitter.

Comics: 'A Race, Ren Rocchi,' Today's Comic by Fabio Tonetto


Inside the Movement to Stop the Oil Industry's 'Bomb Trains'

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Protestors in Albany gathered to stop potentially-threatening fracked oil trains on May 14. Photo by Sipa USA via AP

If you're one of the approximately 180 families who live in the Ezra Prentice Homes, in the poor, industrial southern section of Albany, New York, oil trains are a daily fact of life.

These trains rumble through as they move crude oil from North Dakota and elsewhere to the northeastern US. Sometimes, the trains pass 15 feet from people's homes. South Albany isn't unusual among poor communities throughout the country—many are located near train tracks and highways, oil refineries, and other sources of environmental danger—but what makes it notable is that residents seem fed up and ready to do something about it. Earlier this month, as part of a series of protests against the fossil fuel industry called Break Free, thousands marched through the streets of Albany to protest residents' environmental concerns. Some activists blocked the railway as part of a action calling for an end to the transportation of oil by rail in Albany and elsewhere.

Activists have argued that carrying flammable oil on trains, which they sometimes call "bomb trains," is inherently dangerous: Not only do the trains emit diesel fumes in the poor neighbourhoods they pass through, the trains have in the past tipped over or crashed, leaked, exploded, polluted rivers and wetlands, and in some cases killed those who live nearby. Albany residents say the tracks are a part of a long history of "environmental racism," meaning if they were located in a white community the oil trains would be shut down by now. And they say the railway behind the Ezra Prentice Homes needs to be shut down for the sake of South Albany's current residents—to do otherwise is to be waiting for disaster to strike.

"People thought you could put whatever you wanted here because it was a poor black community, and now things are coming to a head because of that," Dorcey Applyrs, a member of Albany's Common Council (the equivalent to a city council) who represents the area, told VICE. "Having these trains here, we're putting economics over human lives."

The question of how safe it is to carry oil by rail has become hotly debated in the last few years. Thanks to fracking and other technologies that have opened up entire new fields of oil production, US producers extracted a record amount of the stuff last year. But pipelines take years to build and are expensive, and so much of the task of carrying crude has been left to tanker cars on railways. The amount of oil carried on US railways has increased 40-fold in the last eight years, according to the Center for Biological Diversity, an environmental nonprofit that advocates for green energy and environmental protections. Most of the time, those cars travel through rural areas, but often they pass through industrial sections of cities, often in poor, predominantly black areas. According to critics, no matter where these trains travel, they're inherently dangerous.

"There have been accidents, and there will be more accidents," Albert Ratner, a professor of mechanical and industrial engineering at the University of Iowa, told VICE. "How much damage is done is just a question of where it happens and how fast the train is moving."

According to the environmental group ForestEthics (now called Stand), 25 million Americans live within a mile of a train track, which means they would need to be evacuated if an oil train derailed and caught fire.

The most deadly oil train accident occurred in 2013 in Lac-Mégantic, Quebec, when a train derailed and exploded, leveling nearly half of the city's downtown and killing 47 people. It led a $342 million settlement for the victims, and inspired federal changes in both the US and Canada to how trains are regulated.There haven't been any deadly oil train disasters in the US in recent years, but there have been close calls, including an accident last year outside Galena, Illinois, during which 21 cars carrying crude oil from North Dakota derailed and caused a fire that burned for days.

"It's something we knew was a possibility, and when it happens we know it's extremely dangerous," Mark Moran, the City Administrator of Galena, told VICE. "We were extremely fortunate to not have any fatalities."

"America's freight rail industry has recognized the concerns that have been expressed and have taken them very seriously," Ed Greenberg, a spokesperson for the American Association of Railroads, which represents railway owners, told VICE. "Our industry recognizes that continuous improvement is needed."

Last year, federal regulators released new rules that forced train operators to report new data to regulators about their operations, upgrade many of their cars to safer models, and slow their trains down to 40 miles per hour in densely populated areas. (The Department of Transportation did not return a request for comment for this article.) But the rule has a loophole that allows the older, less safe cars to be used on shorter trains. And environmental groups were quick to point out that oil trains can still be punctured and explode at speeds below 40 miles per hour, something a Federal Railroad Administration Office official admitted in 2014.

"We call the trains soda cans on wheels," Jared Margolis, a lawyer with the Center for Biological Diversity, said. "Those things puncture just from being tipped over. If they can create a car that's safe, then they should do that. If they can't, then they should stop shipping oil by rail."

Less clear is what should be done to get the trains off the tracks. Environmentalists are in a conundrum because lobbying for an end to oil-by-rail could mean that more oil is shipped through pipelines. Pipelines are harder to shut down than trains and tend to stay in operation for decades—propping up an oil transportation infrastructure that activists would like to see scaled back, not reinforced.

That's led activists in Albany and elsewhere to not only call for an end to oil trains, but an end to oil production itself. Many protesters at the Albany gathering last week were there not only to protest "bomb trains," but to encourage lawmakers to transition beyond fossil fuels completely. The protesters, joined by residents of the Ezra Prentice Houses and others, held signs conveying the damage caused by oil train accidents: "30,000 gallons in James River," "47 People Vaporized," "No one should die for profits."

"It's not just the trains, but the system itself," Vivian Kornegay, another Albany Common Council member, told VICE. "The people living next to the tracks are getting sick, breathing diesel fumes from the trains and getting asthma," plus the risk from the trains. "More oil is the last thing we need."

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The VICE Reader: I Traveled to Every Supreme Store in the World to Understand the Meaning of Supreme

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The following is an exclusive excerpt from David Shapiro's new book 'Supremacist,' out July 5 on New York Tyrant. Part love letter to the cult streetwear brand, part cry for help about his own substance abuse issues and general existential dread, the novel involves a fictionalized version of the author as he travels to every Supreme store in the world. The below chapters take place during a visit to Supreme LA.

I woke up and vomited in the shower. I drove to Supreme with Camilla. We got there before it opened and waited outside. Supreme Los Angeles, the only other Supreme store I'd been to. I felt like I was home.

We browsed the clothing together. I touched every item. I knew the prices by heart. For some of the items, I knew the percentages of each material used to make them.

Camilla nodded and made utterances of approval as we went through the clothes. We stood in front of the Hi-Vis backpack with the reflective stripe. It might look just all right to you, but I loved it. It was just right.

She asked, "What's different here from the one in New York?"

I said, "It's exactly the same, and the same as the online store, except they sell a few T-shirts here from local designers that they don't sell at the New York store or online. But I'm not interested in those. Even the décor is the same—the white walls, the hardwood floors. Even the same shelving and the same bench. But there's no skateboarding bowl in New York. So I guess that's the part that's different."

I picked up the patent leather camp cap and examined it.

Camilla said, "Are you going to buy that?"

I whispered, so none of the employees could hear me, "Oh no, it's awful. Could you imagine a human being actually wearing this?"

She whispered, "You don't like all of this stuff?"

I shook my head.

She whispered, "I was pretending I liked all of it because I thought you did."

I whispered, "You don't have to do that. I know a lot of it is ugly."

Camilla looked around. There was an employee near us. She whispered, "Can we go find a Diet Coke and come back? I want to talk about this outside."

I nodded. We walked outside and down the street towards Canter's.

I said, "I think most of what they make is embarrassing to be seen wearing. Not wearable in public. Like, for example, that jacket with the patch of Ronald Reagan's face on the sleeve.

I continued, "But I think they do it on purpose. Like, because they make small quantities of each item, if every piece of clothing they made was something that a lot of people liked, people would buy all of the clothing. Which seems like the object of a clothing store. But the store would be empty, and after a while, no one would come. Supreme wants to be a community center for skaters, so they want people to come, and to have some pretext for being in there—looking at the clothes. They come out with new clothes every week, every Thursday morning, so people have a reason to come back to the store every week. They could make greater quantities of each item, but part of the appeal of the brand is that every item is rare. So they can't make that much. And they have to make a bunch of unwearable clothing so there's something on the shelves."

Camilla asked, "Are you just making this up?"

I said, "One time, in college, I went into the New York store and looked at a jacket. I asked one of the employees if they had any left in my size. He said they didn't, and then he sort of laughed and said that they were shocked that anyone had bought this jacket, let alone that they'd sold out of it. He made it seem like the jacket was designed not to sell, like selling it contravened their intention for the product as something to draw people into the store to touch, talk about, and then come back the next week to do the same thing."

Camilla seemed like she was considering this.

We found a Diet Coke and came back to the store. Camilla sat on a bench in the middle of the store. I looked through the clothes again and again.

I couldn't stop buying Supreme stuff. I'd spent $15,000 on it. They were taking my money from me. Every item in the store that I might have wanted, I already had. Things I didn't even like. I didn't have any control over it.

She tapped me on the shoulder.

She said, "I'm bored."

I said, "I understand. You don't have to stay here."

She said, "How long are you going to stay here?"

I said, "Probably all day. Or, like, until they close. At 7:00."

She said, "Are you just going to do this for eight hours? Touch the clothes?"

I said, "I'll probably sit on the bench outside in a little bit. Maybe come back inside later. I like being here, you know?"

Victoria came to pick her up. Camilla got into the front seat.

I leaned in through Camilla's window. I asked, "What are you going to do?"

Victoria said, "I'm going to take her to get a B-12 shot, and then we're going for a hike in Runyon Canyon." She added, hoping I said no I assumed, "You wanna come?"

I said, "I can't."

Victoria looked relieved. She said, "Why not?"

I said, "I have to be here."

Victoria said, "Why?"

Camilla looked at Victoria and shook her head, like, "Don't even ask."

Victoria said, "Also, I thought of something this morning—did you go to the New York Supreme store before you left? It doesn't seem like the trip would be complete if you didn't go to that one."

I said, "I don't think I am welcome in the New York Supreme store."

Victoria asked, "Why not?"

I said, "I wrote a blog post for The New Yorker's website about a store in the basement of a mall in Chinatown, in New York. The store resells Supreme merchandise that the owner buys at Supreme. And when it sells out at Supreme, he resells it for a lot more than he paid for it. And the blog post was popular, within the world of men's fashion I guess, and the people who work at Supreme saw it, and then—"

Camilla asked, "Is it legal to do that?"

I said, "Why wouldn't it be? They buy it and resell it fair and square."

Camilla tried to think of a reason, but there was none.

Victoria asked, "How does the article make you unwelcome at the Supreme store?"

I said, "The last time I went in to Supreme, the manager came out and said, 'Are you the kid who wrote that article?' I was like, 'What article?' I probably started sweating when he came over to me. I knew what was happening. There was probably a puddle forming at my feet. And then he was like, 'That article fucked with the store.' I said, 'Why? I thought it was complimentary of the store and the brand.' He goes, 'You wrote that we keep sold out stuff in the back for our friends? And now every fucking kid comes in here and is like, 'Yo, you got that sold out shit in the back? I know you do.' It's such a fucking hassle.' And then the manager escorted me to the door. I left and never came back. I knew they didn't want me there. And I didn't want to find out what they would do if I tried to come back."

Victoria said, "Do you write about anything besides Supreme?"

I said, "I tried to write a play before I went back to school. But I didn't finish."

I sat on the bench outside Supreme for a long time. I left some eBay feedback. Five stars all around, even when they waited three days to ship. I'm not a confrontational guy. I'd never found 'standing up for myself' to be a profitable activity, like any other form of complaining.

I thought about my play. It was about a skateboarder who gradually broke into every apartment in his apartment building by climbing in through the windows from the fire escape in the alley behind the building. He installed tiny surveillance cameras in other apartments and monitored the camera feeds from his computer. And then, when people left their apartments, he went into them and stole things to sell on eBay. The rest of the time, he just skateboarded. And then a neighbor caught him. I didn't know what would happen after that, or if it should end. I thought they could sleep together, but I couldn't come up with a natural series of events that would end in them sleeping together. But I thought it could have been a good play.

I thought to myself, I am a loser, have always been a loser, and will always be one. I thought that would be a good title for my play, but it had nothing to do with the play.

In the afternoon, the store filled up with skaters. I sat on the bench outside and smoked.

I went back inside and looked through all of the merchandise again. I bought two packs of Supreme-branded Post-It Notes for $2 each. They were selling on eBay for $18 each.

I noticed that the guy working behind the counter was the white kid from Odd Future. I couldn't remember his name. He gave me a curious look. He must have noticed me sitting outside the store for four hours.

He said, "Do you need a bag?"

I said, "No, it's OK. It's just Post-It Notes." I put them into my jacket pocket.

I walked back outside and sat back down on the bench. I lit one.

I texted Camilla, "The guy behind the counter is the white kid from Odd Future. I just bought some Post-Its from him."

I Googled "white kid odd future" and looked through some pictures of him. He changed his hairstyle from blonde to black. Looked cool either way.

Camilla texted back, "Thought he looked familiar."

I walked over to Canter's to use the bathroom. I got a pastrami sandwich on rye bread with mustard and I ate it in a booth by myself. I slipped an Ativan into the sandwich and ate it like when a dog owner makes a dog take its medicine by mixing it in with its food.

I went into the bathroom, walked into a stall, and drank some vodka out of my bag. I took 5 milligrams of Mellow Yellow and 10 milligrams of Propranalol.

I walked back to Supreme and sat outside again. The sun was bright. I bought a pair of sunglasses from the white kid in Odd Future.

David Shapiro is the author of 'You're Not Much Use to Anyone' and 'Supremacist,' the latter which is out July 5 on New York Tyrant and can be pre-ordered here.

Nick Gazin's Frozen Food Reviews: Frozen Chicken Nuggets Will Definitely Give You Heartburn

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Hello you,

I've been eating frozen chicken nuggets for this g'damn review column, and the gurgling heartburn I've experienced over the last few days has led me to chomp Tums like they were as tasty and plentiful as the nuggets that caused my stomach acids to go into overdrive.

Chicken nuggets were invented by a Cornell professor in 1950. McDonalds had Tyson Foods create their McNuggets in 1979. Chicken nuggets are made by grinding up all the inedible parts of the chicken into a slurry, and then breading them to disguise the grossness. Chicken nuggets are primarily chicken fat unless you're getting the fancy stuff. Now that I've paraphrased Wikipedia's article on chicken nuggets, here are reviews of four things I shouldn't have eaten but did.


Banquet - Chicken Nuggets with Mac & Cheese


Although chicken nuggets should always be baked, I microwaved these because waiting 20 minutes to eat six chicken nuggets is a poor return for that level of time investment.

The chicken nuggets were fine microwaved. They were not great, but they were better than starving. The microwavable mac and cheese had the consistency of runny mucous, though.

I wasn't able to finish eating this and I wouldn't eat it again.

GRADE: C-

Applegate Naturals - Chicken Nuggets

The box houses approximately 12 nuggets, and they were all great. The first was great, the second was great, the third was great, and so on. Bread crumbs on the outside, chickens on the inside. Ketchup and Frank's Red Hot for dips.

In other words, these were high quality basic nugs. As with most breaded frozen foods that you cook in the oven, I recommend giving them an additional five minutes to whatever the instructions recommend.

I would eat these again.

Grade: A

Perdue - Chicken Breast Nuggets

There are some days when nothing less than 29 ounces of chicken nuggets will do, and the day I ate these was one of those days.

These were good. Anything you bread and bake will be great. The problem with a lot of fish sticks and chicken nuggets is that they tell you to cook them for two-thirds of the time needed in order for them to become crunchy. Why would these companies tell you to undercook fish and chicken things whose main appeal is their crunchiness? The massive bag tells you to cook them for 11 minutes, but they took 20 to lose their sogginess.

That being said, I would also eat these again.

GRADE: A

Tyson - Chicken Nuggets

I cooked these for the correct amount of time, and got 19 little chicken-flavoured sponges when I took them out of the oven. Some people assume I don't eat all of the frozen meals I review, but sadly I typically eat the whole thing. Not this time though.

I only ate ten before the self-loathing made me stop. If I'd given them an extra five minutes to cook these probably would have been great. Always err on the side of over-baking breaded foods.

I didn't finish eating this, and wouldn't eat it again.

GRADE: D

That's it for this week. Check back next week to see what I've punished or blessed my body with. In the meanwhile, you can see more things on my Instagram. Happy eating everybody!

People's Brutal Stories of Living as the Third Wheel with Couples

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Yes, there's definitely room for all three of you. Photo by Maria Ly via

This article originally appeared on VICE UK

As you'll know from sitcoms and Ben Stiller films, sleepless nights spent listening to the rhythmic thumping of a bedpost against the wall are a hilarious part of sharing a living space. It's just a part of being the third-wheel housemate living with a couple, at least on TV. But is it really as bad, or as fraught with cliche, IRL?

Earlier this month, I asked a bunch of people about their experience of hooking up with their flatmates at university. This time, I spoke to people about the other side of the story, when you're the one navigating hearing other people's orgasms and constantly encountering that moment when couples are looking each at other right up close before they kiss. Here are three people's stories.

Daniel
29 years old
Account Manager

VICE: Can you give me a bit of background to your third-wheel housemate experience?
Daniel: I rented a room in a mortgaged house in Stoke Newington for about a year and a half, after responding to a Gumtree ad. I'm from Australia and was pretty desperate to move out of my flat on Brick Lane, and after viewing the house and being offered the room I accepted it—anywhere was better than where I was living at the time—and ended up staying for a while.

Did it ever get weird?
It was mostly OK, but there was a bit of an age gap between me and the couple. I was 26 and they were in their early 30s, so they were doing early 30s things like baking and having dinner parties, which I felt obliged to attend. They once hosted a dinner party where we were making shots for each other, and I mixed a shot for a guy who ended up spewing all over the kitchen and smashing a window with his fist before he had to go to the hospital. That was pretty awkward for me. I found out the next day the guy had a history of anger problems.

When I was drunk, I brought girls home a few times, and I'm pretty sure could hear us banging since our bedrooms were right next to each other. I could hear them too sometimes, but I just put my headphones on.

How aware were you of their relationship on a daily basis?
It was openly known, they made me aware of it before I moved in. They didn't really show it publicly in the house, besides maybe cuddling on the couch. I didn't really mind.

How did it end?
My visa expired and I had to move back to Australia, but it was pretty over it by that point anyway. If I'd stayed in London, I would have probably moved out. They refused to give me my deposit back until the room was inspected, but I just didn't pay rent that month and left.

Looking back, what do you make of it now?
I think it was probably more beneficial for them than it was for me. I was helping them pay the mortgage, I didn't really cause any trouble and kept it pretty tidy. To be honest, it wasn't really the cool east London houseshare I was looking for, though it was a clean enough house, which is hard to find.

A casual third-wheel walk in the park. Photo by Valerie Everett via

Emma*
32 years old
Works in communications

VICE: How did you end up as a third wheel in your own home?
Emma: I was living with a good friend of mine for about a year when he started seeing a girl. She effectively moved in pretty quickly: there most nights, lots of her stuff everywhere, using all my expensive hair stuff and replacing it with some cheap shit from the supermarket (yes, I know that's shallow, but I don't care). Our living situation became official about six months later.

Then what happened?
I lived with them as a couple for about three months. It started out friendly enough—I never really liked her but put up with her because she never did anything specifically awful that I could point to. The longer she was with him, the more territorial she got, and she made it clear she didn't want me around. I ended up spending almost no time at home, and when I was in the flat I'd hide in my room to avoid them. They made it very clear it was their house—and left their stuff absolutely everywhere (the house was a pigsty)—so I would have to climb over piles of their crap to use anything.

How did things develop?
It was a slow degradation into psychological warfare. I got told off like a petulant child for using the bathroom for ten minutes in the morning 'when wanted it,' and for putting food in the (enormous, half-empty) fridge.

I guess one funny thing was when I started seeing a guy, it challenged their position as the exciting, edgy new couple that they saw themselves as, and they'd have really loud sex only when the guy I was with stayed over. It was not uncomfortable or weird or hard to explain at all.

What about PDA? How did they navigate that with you around?
They were completely open and made it known... Not so much displays of affection as 'hey everyone, look how in love we are .' They were one of those sickening couples that flaunt their relationship to everyone around them. Endless posts on Facebook with hashtags like #bae #perfectboyfriend #couple #fun #inlove. Back when we were speaking, they'd stand in the kitchen while I was trying to make dinner, stroking each other's faces.

How did it all end?
When my flatmate told me that his girlfriend was moving in, it was implied that I would move out. Things were still relatively pleasant at this stage, and they told me to take my time to find somewhere decent. That ended up taking around two months, London being London. By the time I left, we were only communicating through terse WhatsApps. I've not spoken to either of them since I moved out, bar a couple of admin conversations about bills.

Doesn't sound like the healthiest relationship for all of you.
I was very damaging to my relationship with the guy; we had been super close before, and we now don't speak at all. The house was awful to be in, which I didn't notice until I realized I wasn't dreading going home at the end of the day. No idea how healthy it was for them—they're a very 'us against the world' type, so if anything it's probably made them a #stronger #couple.

Michael*
29 years old
Works in PR

VICE: Hi Michael, you mentioned you ended up living with your little sister and her boyfriend.
Michael: When my girlfriend got into her dream school abroad, I stayed in our apartment and she moved out. I tried finding friends who could move in, but it didn't work out, so my younger sister and her boyfriend ended up moving in. They were 20 and I was 27 at the time. I moved into the small bedroom, they moved into the large one with the double bed.

How was that?
It got weird at times. My sister and her boyfriend didn't drink at all. I felt bad for waking them up or being annoyingly talkative every time I got home, reeking of booze. I also got robbed on my way home one time, which made them super worried. They led a much more quiet life.

I worked as a freelance journalist and would often sit in the living room in the evenings with my headphones on, writing articles while listening to music. One evening, I had my headphones on while I actually wasn't listening to music. They naturally thought I couldn't hear them, and my sister's boyfriend said, "Wanna have sex?" and my sister awkwardly replied, "Sure..." They headed to the bedroom and closed the door. It's bad enough to hear this from your roommates in the first place, but even more awkward and weird when it's your little sister.

Do you think it was a good thing for the two of you, ultimately?
Because we had very different lifestyles, my sister and her boyfriend weren't the perfect match for me. I could never throw parties at home any more because I knew how they felt about drinking, for one thing. In a way, I felt that I finally got to know my sister better. It had been ten years since we'd last lived under the same roof and talked to each other on a daily basis. During these six months I felt like we got closer.

But now, I feel like we're less close than ever before. We don't communicate much at all. I talk to the rest of my family online more than I talk to her. I think spending so much time together for six months wasn't healthy, we probably grew tired of each other. Or at least she grew tired of me. Witnessing the "wanna have sex" line was also extremely awkward. I'm glad she still doesn't know that I overheard that line. Hope she never will (and how would she?).

*Some names have been changed because people felt weird.

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One of Canada’s Youngest Serial Killers Wants a New Trial

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Cody Legebokoff photo via RCMP

It was the most high-profile murder trial Prince George had seen in a generation, maybe longer. Three women and one 15-year-old girl bludgeoned to death with blunt tools—crimes a judge said aimed to "destroy and degrade."

Though Cody Alan Legebokoff was convicted in 2014—in a case his own defence team called a "slam dunk" for prosecutors—he's not allowing the case to rest. This week lawyers representing Legebokoff, known as one of Canada's youngest serial killers, laid out an appeal case that could see the northern British Columbia town relive the gruesome trial a second time.

Legebokoff had blood on his face and the backpack of Grade 10 student Loren Leslie in his truck when RCMP pulled him over for speeding on a highway between Vanderhoof and Fort St. James in November 2010. He told cops he was poaching deer with a friend, and used a pipe wrench to put one "out of its misery."

Police detained him under the Wildlife Act and called in a conservation officer, who discovered Leslie's body along a decommissioned logging road. She was found in the snow without shoes, pants or underwear, her throat slit and her head beaten.

Under interrogation, Legebokoff gave many changing accounts of what happened to Leslie, some of which police straight-up called "ridiculous." In one version, he said Leslie "just went fucking crazy" and beat herself with a pipe wrench, and stabbed herself in the neck.

Interrogation room video presented as evidence in court shows police brought in Legebokoff's girlfriend of several months to make sense of his story. "That was really wrenching for me," Prince George Citizen court reporter Mark Nielsen told VICE, describing Amy Voell as a "sweet young lady."

Voell listened to her boyfriend's account while RCMP insisted the girl could not have possibly inflicted multiple fatal injuries herself. The more he said, the more uncomfortable she became. "She was in a state of disbelief, then it's the twelve steps—acceptance and probably a bit of anger," said Nielsen, "that really, really hit home."

Legebokoff under RCMP interrogation in 2010. Screencap via

Legebokoff later confessed to hitting the girl "once or twice" with the wrench.

Over the next year, an RCMP investigation would link Legebokoff to three other murders. Police matched DNA for Jill Stuchenko, 35, Natasha Montgomery, 23, and Cynthia Maas, 35, to blood stains in Legebokoff's apartment and several weapons including an axe, multi-tool and pickaroon.

Leslie was different from the three earlier victims in a few key ways: the others were older, had struggled with addiction, and at times been sex workers. Her case reopened cold files.

Crown prosecutor Joseph Temple drew comparison between the women, stressing their vulnerability: "All four were apparently willing to meet with and associate with unknown males and accompany those males to the male's residence or motor vehicle to consume drugs or alcohol," Temple told the courtroom in September 2014.

Jill Stuchenko was a mother of six who worked for an escort service. Her body was found in a gravel pit on the outskirts of Prince George in October 2009. She died of blunt force trauma to the head; Legebokoff was just 19 years old at the time.

The courtroom heard testimony that Stuchenko made a visit to an addiction treatment centre days before she was killed. An acquaintance testified she wanted to get off crack, but had relapsed. More witnesses said Legebokoff bought, sold, and smoked crack.

Natasha Lynn Montgomery went missing in September 2010 and was never found, but investigators discovered her DNA all over Legebokoff's shirts, bedding, including on an axe. Montgomery had been released from Prince George Regional Correctional Centre a few weeks before she went missing. Legebokoff's defence lawyer zeroed in on the victims' drug debts and risky behaviour.

"He tried, Jim Heller tried," Nielsen said of the tactic, "and there was a big groan from the gallery. I imagine he was trying to make the case there's a lot of other people who could have just as easily killed three of the women." Legebokoff took the stand and argued he was present at the murders, but three other people—who he refused to name—were responsible for carrying out the attacks.

"Guys who give up names to cops are not treated with any respect in prison," Legebokoff told the judge, who in turn cited him for contempt. "I will not go to a federal penitentiary as a rat on three murder charges. That's not in the cards."

Under cross examination, prosecutor Temple flipped the claim back at him: "In prison, people who commit sexually motivated murders and assaults get even less respect than rats, don't they?" Legebokoff inexplicably maintained he had consensual sex with all the women before they died.

Jill Stuchenko, Cynthia Maas, Loren Leslie and Natasha Montgomery

Cynthia Maas was found naked from the waist down in LC Gunn Park in Prince George in October 2010. Her body was heavily decomposed—"basically skeletonized" according to the autopsy expert who testified.

Maas left behind a mother, sister, daughter, grandmother, cousin and niece. After Legebokoff was formally charged, her family released a statement, saying "she had a right to live, to overcome her struggles, to become strong, and to be the mother she wanted to be."

The trial was at a time when Canada's prime minister deflected calls for a national public inquiry into missing and murdered Indigenous women. Half of the victims were Aboriginal, their families watching over the proceedings.

"Judy Maas and Louanne Montgomery sat through the entire trial," Nielsen recalled. "Before every day Judy would go do a smudging ceremony to cleanse herself." A Globe and Mail investigation found Indigenous women are seven times more likely to be preyed on by serial killers.

Legebokoff was convicted on four counts of first-degree murder in September 2014, sentenced to life without parole for 25 years.

At his sentencing, Supreme Court Justice Glenn Parrett weighed in on the missing women's inquiry debate. "I am aware of comments being made to the effect that there is no need to embark on any formal inquiry into missing and murdered women, that policing is the solution to this problem," he said. "It is a mistake, in my view, to limit the seriousness of this issue and to pretend as some do, that policing is an answer when the circumstances of this case raise questions about the effectiveness of that process at times."

Judy Maas became a leading voice on this issue, and her calls for an inquiry were answered last fall.

Though victims' families cheered the judge and verdict, the ordeal left behind noticeable scars. Nielsen said Montgomery's still-missing body has taken a toll on her mother. "It's become an obsession, and it's really chewing her up," he said.

Closure may be pushed further off as Legebokoff is seeking a new trial, on grounds that the judge did not give adequate response to the accused's application to move proceedings to Vancouver. Justice Parrett released his reasons after sentencing in 2014, saying Legebokoff's counsel distorted evidence. His new lawyer argued that information should have been released immediately, and the delay could be perceived as prejudice.

Whether that new trial is granted or not, observers say the verdict is unlikely to change. "There was forensic evidence everywhere. There was blood everywhere," Nielsen said. "So I didn't really have any doubt in my mind that he did it."

Follow Sarah on Twitter.


Weed, Gay Marriage, and Rap Battles at the Conservatives' Vancouver Convention

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Sigh. Screencap via

Canada's Conservative Party celebrated the send-off of former Prime Minister Stephen Harper on Thursday, and then the real party got started.

Apparently keen to shake off a reputation for enjoying oats a little too much, discussion at the Conservative national convention in Vancouver this weekend turned to weed, gay marriage and rap battles.

Most notably the party voted to drop a ban on same-sex marriage from their policy books—a change that comes more than a decade after Canada legalized gay marriage. Conservatives voted in favour of the motion 1,036 to 462, but not everyone was happy about it.

"To me that's socialist language," Saskatoon MP Brad Trost told reporters Friday. "It's the same way they talk about income equality, where they want to tax the rich and bring them down to the level of the poor. I completely reject the underlying philosophy behind this."

Trost warned taking out the party's "traditional" definition of marriage would essentially make the party "Liberal-Lite."

Video via Paul McLeod

Then there was MP Arnold Viersen's pitch to settle the party's leadership race via rap battle. Part self-mocking display of whiteness, part naked attempt at appealing to millennials, the video covers over candidates' two-dimensional likenesses with explosions and Deal With It sunglasses. It could have been worse, but not by much.

The party also voted in favour of decriminalizing possession for small amounts of marijuana on Friday.

With Harper moving on, the votes show there's potential for the be-less-lame party to get out of hand. But as of Sunday afternoon, nobody had hotboxed even one of the Vancouver Convention Centre bathrooms.

Follow Sarah on Twitter.

​The VICE Morning Bulletin

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Donald Trump said something controversial again. Photo via AP.

Everything you need to know about the world this morning, curated by VICE

US NEWS

Four Killed, 40 Shot in Outbreak of Violence in Chicago

Four people have been killed and 40 have been shot in Chicago thus far during the Memorial Day weekend. Police said at least 19 of the people shot were in or within a half-mile of the 11th District in the city's West Side. First Deputy Police Supt. John Escalante said "about 1,500 people that we know are really driving the violence." – CBS News

Trump Says Illegal Immigrants Treated Better Than Vets

Republican nominee Donald Trump said illegal immigrants get better care than military veterans. Speaking at the Rolling Thunder biker rally in front of the Lincoln Memorial on Sunday, Trump said veterans waiting for healthcare would be able see a private doctor immediately. "We are going to pay the bill," he said. – Chicago Tribune

Libertarians Choose Presidential Ticket

The Libertarian Party has nominated former New Mexico Governor Gary Johnson as its presidential candidate for a second time. Johnson slammed Donald Trump's immigration policy as "just racist." Former Massachusetts Governor William Weld won the party's vice presidential nomination. - CNN

Death Toll Rises from Floods in Texas

Authorities in central Texas found two more bodies in the water Sunday, bringing the death toll from recent flooding to six. Florida Molima, 23, died when her car was swept from the street by a flooded creek. Darren Charles Mitchell, 21, was found downstream from his overturned truck. – ABC News

International News

Iraqi Army Launches Assault on Fallujah

The Iraqi army says it has begun an operation to storm the Islamic State-held city of Fallujah, with reports of heavy gunfire and explosions. An estimated 50,000 civilians remain trapped in the city. At least 20 people have been killed so far on Monday in a wave of bombings claimed by the Islamic State in and around Baghdad. – BBC News


This undated image made available Monday, May 30, 2016 by the Italian Navy Marina Militare shows migrants being rescued at sea. Photo via AP.

More Than 700 Migrants Died in the Mediterranean

At least 700 migrants may have drowned in three separate Mediterranean Sea shipwrecks in the past week, according to the UN refugee agency. Medecins Sans Frontieres said as many as 900 people may have died in the busiest week of migrant crossings this year. "We will never know exact numbers," the group tweeted. – VICE News

Syrian Opposition Negotiator Quits Peace Talks

The chief peace negotiator of Syria's mainstream opposition has resigned over the failure of the UN-backed peace talks in Geneva to ease the plight of Syrians living in besieged rebel-held areas. Mohammed Alloush, representative of the Jaish al Islam group, said the talks were a "waste of time." - Reuters

Bleaching is Killing the Great Barrier Reef

At least 35 percent of corals surveyed along Australia's Great Barrier Reef are now "dead or dying" as a result of mass bleaching. The experts from James Cook University say it is the most extreme case yet measured. Bleaching, which sees corals losing algae that provides oxygen, has been linked to climate change. – Al Jazeera

Everything Else

Mexico's Kidnapped Soccer Star Rescued

Mexican soccer player Alan Pulido was rescued Sunday after being kidnapped in by masked men in the northern state of Tamaulipas on Saturday night. Pulido appeared with a bandaged hand and told reporters he was "very well." - TIME

X-Men Wins Holiday Box Office

Despite poor reviews, X-Men: Apocalypse topped the box office and is on course for a four-day holiday gross of $80 million. Alice Through the Looking Glass, starring Johnny Depp, is on course to take only $35 million over the four days, despite costing $170 million to make. – The Hollywood Reporter

Mars Draws Closest to Earth in a Decade

The red planet makes its closest approach to Earth since 2005 later today. Mars will draw within 75 million kilometres around 16.35 EST, and should be visible without a telescope. – The Guardian

Zookeepers Kill Gorilla After He Grabbed 4-Year-Old Boy

Cincinnati Zoo employees shot and killed a 400-pound endangered gorilla after a 4-year-old boy fell into the animal's enclosure. The western lowland gorilla carried the boy around for 10 minutes before the animal response team fired. – VICE News

WHO Rejects Calls to Postpone Rio Olympics

The World Health Organization (WHO) has rejected calls to postpone or move the 2016 Olympics in Rio because of the Zika virus in Brazil. The WHO said cancelling the games "will not significantly alter" the spread of the virus. - Motherboard

Unreleased Chance the Rapper Collaboration Drops

Chance's longtime collaborator Donnie Trumpet took to Soundcloud to release a new mix of music from his 2015 record Surf. It's a ten-minute compilation that Trumpet described as "an ode to the era." – Noisey



How I Saved a Canadian Town by Spending a Day at Its KFC Buffet

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The author surrounded by golden, crispy buckets of goodness. All photos by the author

Going to Weyburn, Saskatchewan is like a warm embrace from an overly religious auntie and brushing up against a batch of her skin tags. It's weird, but sometimes you have to do it. My Weyburn calling came in the form of rumours that an infamous KFC buffet, one of the only ones left in Canada, might be ending due to a decree from the chicken lords high upon the KFC corporate chain. My world exploded at the news that one of Colonel Sanders' most beautiful creations in Weyburn could be next on the buffet chopping block. From magazine-of-record Macleans to Premier Brad Wall, everyone had something to say about the buffet. The company issued a statement the buffet would remain open, but didn't say for how long.

Last week, there was a kind of sit-in eat-fest/artery-explosion suicide pact as hundreds flocked from across this country to the rural KFC to protest the rumoured murder of the buffet. Obviously, I had to go there for VICE and embed myself with the locals for a deep investigation. I decided to spend eight hours in the KFC and eat from the buffet for breakfast, lunch, and dinner plus snacks. I had a lot of support for my KFC marathon from family and friends in Regina.

I got there right as the place opened at 10 AM. The staff were surprised I wanted to stay all day, but a nice lady, Debbie—according to the name listed on my receipt—rang me up and said I could stay as long as I wanted. For only $10.50, KFC would let me hate-bang my arteries with fried chicken until closing time.

As I set in on the legendary buffet bountiful with steaming potatoes, corn, gravy, fries and classic fried chicken, the first cohort of locals entered. One man from the group of four decried his wonder that the "Regina people" would be coming today. A cashier named Irene responded, "That's right. I have a gut feeling the Regina people are coming and that's good. We'll prove our point."

Irene

Irene's point—Weyburn's point—is keeping their buffet open is a matter of regional pride. She told me without any irony, "This is ours. This is for the people." Irene is a glowing woman. She's perfect. When I told her I was writing a story for VICE she said I was doing god's work.

Every time someone walked through the door, Irene would say to them, "I need you. This is important," encouraging (demanding) everyone go online to complete a survey about the buffet. She pronounced the word as, "boof-eh."

"We're going all the way," she said, "Why can the US have boof-ehs and we can't?" Irene is Weyburn's only hope.

Families were taking photos together in front of the food.



Intake Update: Three chicken thighs and fries (1,164 calories)

After breakfast, I had a slight headache and was perspiring. It was 11:32 AM. I saw some quality cheese sauce on the buffet line and I considered smothering a plate full of chicken in it. This was a totally insane thought. There were moments between plates when the din of the place and the onset of gastric pressure took me to a dark place, mentally.

A family posing for photos in front of the buffet delighted that this KFC was "the one on the news." A motherly figure conspired there was a "buffet crackdown," at which another woman lamented, "That's not fair." Irene, maybe sensing my growing fear patted me on the shoulder while passing my booth and asked, "How you doing?"

"Good, Irene. I'm good." I loaded up a plate of chicken and cheese sauce, embracing my journey into the heart of dark meat darkness.

Intake Update: Seven chicken thighs, cheese sauce and fries (2,439 calories)

I took a moment to dry heave a few times in the washroom for a reason 100 percent unrelated to this story. A guy knocked on the door and asked, "Is someone in there?" Maybe I picked a bad day for this. I suddenly felt older, alone. I heard Irene shout, "We're Canadians!" as part of her boof-eh speech from the register and felt reinvigorated. I was going to save this town. I was thirsty as I walked back to my booth littered with crumpled napkins and forgotten bones.

​‘X-Men: Apocalypse’ Made Me Weep with Hopefulness for Mankind

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The reviews are in and all the critics except me hate the new X-Men movie. While they're right that it's not objectively a good movie, it is a great cinematic representation of the X-Men and a perfect summer movie. I hate most Superhero movies. I grew up reading superhero comics and think that most modern movies fail to capture the feeling of fun and innocence that superhero comics can have. The ones that are OK usually either peter out at the climax like Guardians of the Galaxy or have lots of needless exposition to build up to a really great climactic fight scene like Captain America: Civil War. Maybe it's just because this movie reminded me of how much joy I got from the X-Men when I was little and maybe I was just having a great summer day and that swayed my opinion. All critics bring their own subjective viewpoints to their critiques and I loved this movie.

The concept behind the X-Men is that some seemingly normal humans have dormant super powers that emerge during adolescence. These super-powered people are referred to as mutants and instead of being revered like the Fantastic Four, they're hated and feared. A bald, psychic mutant named Professor Charles Xavier opens a school for mutants. There he teaches them to use their powers and trains them to battle evil mutants.

I think the appeal that X-Men held for me as a boy was less about the superpowers and more about the idea of a cool mansion full of outcasts who had found friendship in each other. In that way, it shares a lot of the basic appeal of Harry Potter. Everyone wants to get away from their parents and go to a cool magic/mutant school.

However, I think that making movies about superhero groups can be tricky because there's not enough time to tell all their stories. The Fantastic Four movies are total garbage and I thought 2012's The Avengers was totally boring and lacked any real character depth. The past X-Men movies work better than most movies of this kind because the spotlight is firmly focused on Wolverine.

X-Men: Apocalypse has so many characters that none of them get satisfyingly developed. In most movies that's a flaw, but for the X-Men series it's a strength. Much like in the original Star Wars, the very simple characters and richly described circumstances and environments allow for the viewers to thoroughly suture in to the world of the movie.

I also think most superhero movies are just 9/11 reenactments, so we can relive our collective national trauma. For some reason when you traumatize a nation, it gets translated into their genre-fiction fantasy movies. The Universal monster movies all deal with various everyday horrors and hysterias. The movies about radiation are all about fear of dying in a nuclear explosion. This movie had some of those qualities and featured cities being attacked and buildings exploding, but ultimately this felt a lot more hopeful and fun than the Avengers or the Dark Knight movies.

The movie starts off with a psychedelic credit sequence that reminded me of Mystery Science Theater and caused my scumbag friends to shout out "DMT!" in unison. We come out of this having traveled thousands of years to 1983, with Scott Summers a.k.a. Cyclops, Mystique, and Nightcrawler with an oddly emo haircut for a scene set in 1983. We get Magneto's Polish working-class origin story, Sansa Stark as Jean Grey, and then the death of a tree, before shifting over to a white American lady in a burka discovering that some evil and scary Muslims are in the process of reviving the titular villain, Apocalypse. It turns out that it's geneticist Moira MacTaggert, who in the comics had some sort of romance with Professor X. Apocalypse wakes up and vaporizes his followers.

At one point there's a cool 1980s TV montage where we see Reagan's face a few times and there's some Cold War references. Is that what this movie was about? I'm not sure that there was any real subtext and I am OK with that.

I also noticed that Psylocke (Olivia Munn) is wearing a big red sash to hide her butt in scenes where she's walking away. Then it occurred to me how many of the comics I read as a kid had drawings of nearly nude women's asses. Why were their costumes perfectly contoured around their boobs and into their buttcracks? Who was the first person to draw female superheroes as nude women but with tattooed on costumes? Olivia Munn has almost no dialogue in this movie. Part of me suspects that she had more dialogue written but that she can't act at all so they just made her mute.

Back to Apocalypse, once he has his four evil buddies he gives them all stronger superpowers. Also he looks like Jeffrey Tambor from Transparent and Arrested Development. Then he goes to kidnap Professor X and Cyclops's brother Havok blows up the X-Mansion by mistake.

At this point, the movie has its coolest moment (spoiler): A super-fast mutant named Quicksilver sees the mansion exploding and saves pretty much everyone while "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" by the Eurythmics plays in its entirety. The audience didn't stop clapping or laughing during this entire sequence and I started crying from happiness. He's tossing frozen students out of the windows and rescuing a bulldog with a piece of pizza and we get an awesome go-pro shot of the dog up close while its face flaps in the wind.

I'm getting pumped just thinking about it. My friend sitting next to me mentioned that Quicksilver stole the last movie as well. Although I hadn't seen the last two X-Men movies I didn't feel left out at all.

When we left the theater, my friends and I felt energized and full of joy and optimism. One said it was the best movie he'd seen all year. We couldn't stop gibbering about how much we loved it as we smoked a joint with some guy at a bus stop.

Like I mentioned, I wouldn't call this movie great, but it is a great summer movie. You step out of the humid summer air into a cold theater and watch a movie in which a bunch of really cool looking things happen and you cheer along. This movie transmits the feeling of cozy camaraderie you get in a Harry Potter movie, the goofy adventure you get from a good Star Wars movie, and the big epic fight scenes that I guess you get from a Marvel movie. I teared up and applauded several times.

DM me if you want to go see this movie with me. I think I can watch it like two or three more times.

Follow Nick Gazin on Instagram.

VICE Talks Film: The Filmmakers Reviving 'Roots' Discuss Recreating the Iconic Series for a Modern Audience

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This article originally appeared in VICE US.

Shortly after Alex Haley wrote Roots: The Saga of the American Family—a novel that follows the life and descendants of Kunta Kinte, a young man taken from his home in Gambia and sold into the American slave trade—it was made into a hugely popular eight-part miniseries that's considered an important piece of cinematic history.

Now, almost forty years later, director Mario Van Peebles, his son, actor Mandela Van Peebles, and producer Mark Wolper, have worked to bring the story back to TV for a modern audience, creating a new miniseries shot from four different perspectives.

On this episode of VICE Talks Film, Jaimie Sanchez talks with the filmmakers about the responsibility of recreating the iconic 1977 series, the challenge of revisiting the very difficult issue of slavery, and how the series' themes are still relevant in today's political landscape.

Photos of Sailors Taking Over the City During NYC's Fleet Week

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Photo by Zak Krevitt

This article originally appeared in VICE US.

Now in its twenty-eighth year, Fleet Week New York still serves as the city's annual meet and greet for sailors, marines and coast guards. It also offers the opportunity for city-dwellers and tourists alike to take some pretty amazing selfies with the men and women clad in crisp, white uniforms.

Despite the fact that most people living outside of the five boroughs only have that one Sex and the City episode as a point of reference for this city-wide takeover, it's looked on fondly by most New Yorkers as marking the official kickoff to summer.

VICE sent photographers Zak Krevitt and Sam Clarke to cover the week-long celebration. Below is a selection of image the photographers made throughout the week.

Zak Krevitt and Sam Clarke are photographers based in NYC, you can follow their work here and here.

Inside the Radioactive City Russia Doesn’t Want You to Know About

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All images courtesy of 'City 40'

It looks like a lovely place to visit. From inside, Ozersk has all the charm of a European capital: beautiful parks, broad public squares, lakes, and thousands of people going about their days in peace and harmony. And for most of the people that live there, that's exactly what it is. Except, of course, that it's riddled with radiation and surrounded by guards and a double barbed-wire fence. And for decades, their city wasn't even on a map.

Back in 1947, the Soviets decided to build a secret city where they could develop nuclear weapons at the outset of the Cold War. It was modeled after Richland, Washington where the United States had built "Fat Man," the plutonium bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan at the end of World War II. Deep inside Russia, the area was first named City 40 and became the birthplace of the Soviet Union's first nuclear bomb. Thousands were relocated to the remote town built by Russian prisoners, including the scientists and technicians who would work at the Mayak nuclear plant.

They were given more than any fellow Russian at the time could imagine: well-payed jobs, housing, excellent education, and security. But it came at a cost. They gave up their freedom and any connection to the outside world. Now, more than three generations later, little has changed: The city is home to most of Russia's nuclear reserves and it's as secretive as ever.

The story is told in the new documentary City 40, in which director Samira Goetschel gains access to the forbidden city and residents who have chosen to speak out at great personal risk. VICE met with Goetschel at Toronto's Hot Docs where City 40 had its world premiere.

VICE: What can you tell us about how you got access to City 40?
Samira Goetschel: We stayed outside of the city for a few days. It's a huge forest right outside. And we were looking around to see if there was a way we could just sneak in, but it was impossible. It was just absolutely impossible. You know, it's double barbed-wire fences, it's heavily guarded, and so you can't get in basically. And I immediately figured out that we need help from the inside. They know that they cannot talk to anybody from the outside. Anybody on the outside is an enemy. And it's not just the foreigners, but also the Russians who live outside of the city. So this mentality of being paranoid, it's still very much there. And I wanted to see if these people would talk to me. I just jumped in. And they took me in, and they started talking.

In the film the people who live in City 40 are compared to animals in a zoo. They're very well taken care of but they can't go out.
In order for these people to remain—they weren't going to escape anyway—but just to make sure that they are happy to be there, created a paradise for them. So they had everything they possibly needed and more in comparison to the outside world where they had absolutely nothing. And they were not placed on any map, they were a state within a state. Their identities were erased. They did not exist outside of the city.And to me it was basically like I'd entered an episode of the Twilight Zone. It's as if these people were not living in this dimension.

So to me this was so fascinating that you immediately stopped as a filmmaker or journalist or whatever, you immediately stop judging.

What sort of freedoms that we enjoy in the West do these people in City 40 not have available to them?
They have nothing available to them. They can't leave. For the first eight years of course they were not allowed to leave. The most basic fundamental freedom that we have is freedom of movement. These are unalienable rights that we have, we are born with these rights and these people don't have it and they don't even have the concept that this is against their rights. And if you leave the city now you have to get exit visas for specific days that you can go or specific hours that you can go out and go to specific places. But these people they live in a town, they cannot leave and they say, you know, their rights are not violated—and so for them, that's their universe.

If they're happy, is there anything wrong with that?
What I'm hoping to achieve with this film is exactly what you're talking about. I had a lot of struggle trying to tell the story right because I had promised them, because they risked their life to tell me the story. You know the Russians have been presented and represented by the media and Hollywood and the government and everybody as either victims or mafia. You have never really heard their voice, so I decided, OK, let them talk for themselves. Let the audience connect and identify with them, you know, through their stories and let the audience share that experience so that they understand their reality.

There is a lake featured in the film that's beautiful, but it's actually poisonous.
They are exposed to radiation, long term and short term radiation In the beginning—and they're doing it still—they were dumping their radioactive waste into the environment, whether it was the lakes, the ground and into the air. There's one specific lake that is so contaminated by plutonium that it's actually called the plutonium lake by the locals themselves.And there is a sign right there and it's just for them. It says "No Trespassing" because two hours by the lake, you'll die. So if you see this lake, the Ontario Lake right here. By now we would have been dead. The rate of cancer is enormous and their kids are born with cancer. They die with cancer. But they take it as part of life.

There's a central character in the film, a single mother and human rights lawyer fighting for the people who have been negatively affected by the radiation in the city. What kind of risks was she taking in being such an activist in a forbidden city?
Nadia was born in the city, raised there, she married there and she has four kids. And in the beginning like everybody else you know she thought this is a great city, it's paradise. But slowly when she actually learned about what is happening to the environment, to their rights and everything else she started asking questions. You need to remember, you cannot ask questions.

So the authorities who run the city, they know what she's doing. But the moment that she actually took the story and put it on the global map, started talking to people like me, then she got in huge trouble. She was persecuted by the local authorities. The FSB, which replaced the KGB, they're Russian secret police. She got in so much trouble with them.

You don't talk and when you talk that means you have betrayed. You have betrayed your city, you have betrayed your country and you have betrayed the motherland. And the motherland is everything.

What risks are they taking?
Humongous, huge risks. So for instance you'll see in the film what happens to Nadia. But in terms of those people who actually are still in the city, I've lost my contact with them. I mean, this is life threatening what they've done. I can't talk actually about this but they have risked their lives by breaking their silence. They've betrayed Mother Russia by talking to an outsider.

But they did so willingly?
They did so willingly because basically they thought to themselves, "We're dying anyway." These are the people who understood what was happening, "We are dying anyway. We might as well tell our story and tell the outside world what is happening to us here," because 80 percent of the people inside don't even realize what is happening.

Follow Tomas Urbina on Twitter.

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