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#ProudToBeIrish Trending as Polls Declare Overwhelming Yes to Marriage Equality in Ireland

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Photo via Flickr user infomatique

Ireland has made history today by voting overwhelmingly in favor of a proposal to allow gay marriage. It will become the 19th country in the world to recognize gay marriage, the 14th in Europe, and the first to ever do so by popular vote.

In some parts of Dublin, the Yes vote ran as high as 80 percent. Even in what would be considered the most conservative and religious areas of Ireland, Yes is consistently winning victories.

Only two hours after counting began at 9 AM this morning, bookmakers were paying out on Yes bets in what they were describing as a "landslide" victory. Not longer afterwards, prominent No campaign group Mothers and Fathers Matter conceded that the Yes campaign had won. Press release statements from the IONA Institute, a Catholic think-tank, even offered their congratulations to the Yes coalition.

"A new generation has spoken. This is a generation with open, kind hearts, a generosity of spirit, and a great capacity to love." —Michael Barron

David Quinn, Director of IONA Institute, went on to reassure the still numerically significant No voters, "Going forward, we will continue to affirm the importance of the biological ties and of motherhood and fatherhood. We hope the Government will address the concerns voters on the No side have about the implications for freedom of religion and freedom of conscience."

From the Yes coalition, in a release sent to VICE, Michael Barron, the founder of Belong To, spoke of the importance of the today's outcome: "We've changed forever what it means to grow up LGBT in Ireland. The Irish people, via the ballot box, have today given each and every gay child and young person in Ireland—and across the world—a strong and powerful message that they are loved, they are cared for, and don't need to change who they are.

"A new generation has spoken. This is a generation with open, kind hearts, a generosity of spirit, and a great capacity to love. They have gone to the polls in their thousands and are responsible for this historic victory for their gay brothers and sisters."

Reports of an "unusually high" turnout for the referendum were emerging as the polls closed yesterday evening. Urban centers like Dublin and Limerick boasted a 65 percent electorate turnout, while rural areas such as Donegal and Galway showed a turnout well above 50 percent. To put that in perspective, a referendum in 2013 only had a 39 percent turnout.


For more of VICE's coverage of LGBT issues around the world, watch our documentary on gay conversion therapy in America:


The youth demographic also turned out in force, students even traveling home from abroad. It's clear that this is a referendum that has engaged a generation typically disillusioned with politics, and an outcome that has inspired fresh optimism in political process.

Mary Cunningham, Director of the National Youth Council of Ireland told VICE, "Over, the past few months we've seen over 100,000 people—primarily young people, students, and first time voters—registering and getting ready to use their voices for good, for love. They came from all over the world to be here today, and the future of Ireland is brighter and better because of them."

Across the country, Yes supporters begin their celebrations, as the results continue to trickle in. In the next few days there will be much analysis and commentary, but conversation may slowly begin to turn to Northern Ireland, the last province on both islands that does not legally recognize gay marriage.

Follow David Gilmour on Twitter.


Avocados Might Help Protect Your Lungs From Nasty Air Pollution

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Avocados Might Help Protect Your Lungs From Nasty Air Pollution

At 69, Bette Midler Still Bewitches on Her Divine Intervention Tour

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All photos by Ashley Cline for VICE

You how how they say that, in life, you just have to "find your tribe"? After my evening at the Bette Midler Divine Intervention show in Atlanta, I finally know what that means. I knew it as soon as my brave photographer and I sidled up to a bar near the arena and found two women with thick Southern accents double-fisting tall iced teas and beers. A mother-daughter duo and Beaches mega-fans, they were beyond stoked for the imminent show. Philips Arena was thick with the aroma of rose perfume and familial debt being paid—it was fairly clear most were there as the result of a Mother's Day gift. I found my seat slung low in the rafters and caught someone noting a pattern in the crowd. "Every fifth person doesn't have wine in their hand," said the voice behind me which I couldn't easily determine as annoyed or impressed. (Let's go with impressed.)

The stadium peddled plastic wine glasses with thick stems and lids that'd snap into place, should the show physically move you (good planning). The audience was mostly women in their late-40s to mid-60s with a few offspring in tow. I saw a good number of illuminated smartphone screens below, text magnified so large I could read full exchanges from rows away. (One woman's friend recently went into successful remission! "Amen & amen," she responded.) To my right, a lady in a sparkling cardigan loudly whispered to her friend that the secret to a night's peaceful sleep is half a bar of Xanax before bed.

Yes, this was certainly my tribe.

Lights softened and dimmed. A purple tornado swirled across a dramatic light show, eventually leading to the drawn curtain and Midler spectacularly emerging from an arm chair embedded in the storm's destruction and trash. Her trio of dancers literally crawled from the fake tornado's debris. Midler wore a dazzling navy sequin two-piece that mimicked a catsuit, moving with the ease and enthusiasm of a teen who just passed her driver's exam on the first go.

Her energy and her footwear were enviable. She cracked a few jokes about preparing for the show by standing in a refrigerator for hours to "firm up" and worked in a loving jab at her fans and their night blindness (which is at least true for this 27-year-old). Midler was wrapped in what was essentially plastic wrap topped with heavier pieces of plastic, sprinting up and down the stage in heels. The Divine Miss M is days away from 70. These kinds of efforts—and the poise with which she pulled them off—was fucking witchcraft.

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I must admit my own personal Bette Midler education kicked off with 1993's Disney cult classic Hocus Pocus. Why Disney actually made this movie, I don't need to know. Although mostly regarded as a children's film, it still has fairly adult and/or menacing topics central to its plot line: It's about a trio of Satan worshippers brought back to life because a young VIRGIN (that part is important) teen trespassed and lit a candle that may or may not have been crafted from human fat. I was about seven when I first saw this film and it gave me nightmares that occasionally flare up in variations today. My ensuing obsession with witches, combined with a Catholic upbringing and living on an actual swamp, made me a perpetually nervous child with a gruesome interest in cross-themed jewelry and spooky oak trees. Eventually, Hocus Pocus became less of a scarring blip in my childhood memory and more of a platform to appreciate really excellent musical theater (and SJP's equally excellent dark reddish-brown lip color).

Midler even covered motherfucking TLC's "Waterfalls." I actually cried at this point.

Over the course of Bette's career, she's sold close to 30 million albums. She started doing world tours performing her comedy, songs, dance, and general badassitude in 1980. Bette did several residencies performing in Vegas, too, but Divine Intervention is her first tour in a decade—and the first time her beloved Delores the Mermaid character didn't make a cameo in its over 30-year existence. ("Did you REALLY think I'd wedge myself into that fucking fishtail?" Bette quipped.)

RELATED: Check out Noisey's interview with Holly Herndon

The tour's stop at Atlanta's Philips Arena looked nearly sold-out to me, with the majority of the venue's 18,238 seats stuffed with wine-drunk moms and grandmoms armed with Instagram. Bette was on stage shimmying around, talking about giving dudes boners, likening herself to vodka. She cued the dancers to pull some sort of magic cord that transformed their outfits into something a middle school girl might wear on her first non-chaperoned trip to the mall.

They performed "I've Still Got My Health" and it's clear Midler ain't lying. According to, well, Midler, she still hasn't had any work done. Her hair looked like something Frenchie would have style if she had actually graduated from beauty school. A Jumbovision close-up on her face looked like a candle (made of paraffin, not human fat) that's been burning for about an hour—soft, natural, albeit a little worn. She looked how a 69-year-old woman ought to—only slightly better. Remember, guys, Midler started her stage career on Broadway in 1965. She is a vet—in a youth-obsessed industry, it takes a pro to keep packing out cavernous arenas four decades after her teeth-cutting days.

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Midler did a few slow numbers—some with her gals, some solo, but all with her fabulous backing band (many members of which were local). Then it grew even more glorious when she got all fabulously femme, girl power preachin' and covered The Exciters' "Tell Him" as her backup singers/dancers spun like delirious pink lampshades. Honestly, Midler danced her ass off for six songs (including a line dance) before taking a stool for the seventh song and still, the Jumbovision hardly detected any glistening of sweat.

Midler even covered motherfucking TLC's "Waterfalls." Remember, this was in Atlanta, TLC's hometown. I actually cried at this point. Then she discussed the politics of dick pics and compared them to "mug shots of little old bald men," which, true.

Eerie instrumentals filled the dark stage during a moment of still and then—I physically emitted a sob as Bette began the Screamin' Jay Hawkins' number from Hocus Pocus, "I Put a Spell on You." I took a million photos and texted them to my sister, who thoughtfully responded, "I hope you're getting scared."

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Miss M didn't miss a beat or slow her manic roll on my watch. She changed into a pair of Louboutins and talked about dudes who were bad at making her cum. She plowed through a long list of other numbers including a cover of the Rolling Stones' "Beast of Burden" and a tap dance routine in which she swapped out her hot pink sequin gown for what looked like an egg costume. She was on fire. I looked around the arena: The elation over Bette's performance was palpable.

At the end of the show, despite sitting completely still while watching another person run through a grueling 25-song setlist in two hours, I felt totally zonked. I stood slumped, transfixed as a golden radio memory from my childhood took living form. Bette leaned forward, baring a sincere-looking smile as "Wind Beneath My Wings" rolled out like some velvety vomit. I left before the encore to beat the initial surge to the train (Atlanta's public transit is always a gamble). Boarding the crowded MARTA car, the whole magic of the night sunk in: Midler wasn't just playing a witch—she was one. And a fucking awesome witch, at that.

Bette Midler's Divine Intervention tour goes on through July with upcoming stops in Seattle, Toronto, Chicago, New York, London, and more.

Follow Beca Grimm on Twitter.



Protesters Are Going to Hit the Streets This Weekend in Over 400 Cities to March Against Monsanto

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Protesters Are Going to Hit the Streets This Weekend in Over 400 Cities to March Against Monsanto

Lie Detector Brain Scans Could Be the Future of Murder Trials

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Photo via Flickr user Tico_Bassie

Gary Smith lay in an fMRI scanner as a series of pre-programmed questions appear on the screen in front of him, at five second intervals.

"Did you share an apartment with Mike McQueen?"

"Did you shoot Mike McQueen with a revolver?"

"Did you kill Mike McQueen?"

In response to each question, Smith clicked a button to indicate "yes" or "no," but as the scientists who designed the test later explained to me, his manual answers were largely irrelevant. The real objective was to monitor the processes taking place in his brain.

Smith, a 33-year old former US Army sergeant who served on two tours of Afghanistan, is now at the center of one of Maryland's most complex and prolonged murder cases in recent history. In September 2006, Smith's roommate, former army ranger Michael McQueen, was found shot dead in their shared apartment.

Two separate juries have already convicted Smith of second-degree murder, initially in 2008 and then again in 2012, with sentences of 35 and 28 years respectively. Both have since been overturned on appeal; later this year, Smith will stand trial for a third time.

With little concrete evidence to support either the defense or the prosecution, the objective of the fMRI scans is to determine whether Smith's claim of innocence is the truth, or a lie.

During both trials, Smith claimed he spent the night drinking, smoking marijuana, and playing pool with McQueen. After dropping him at home, he left the apartment; on returning, he found McQueen's body in an armchair—an apparent suicide. McQueen's girlfriend since high school had recently left him, and after a drunk driving conviction, he was concerned about his job prospects.

But it was Smith's gun that fired the fatal shot. During questioning, he gave three versions of events to police officers, initially suggesting that McQueen may have been murdered by local Hispanic men. Most incriminatingly, in the eyes of the prosecution, he disposed of the gun before police arrived and only confessed to doing so after ten hours of interrogation. However, for nine years, Smith has insisted he did not kill McQueen. He says he initially tried to make the crime scene appear like a murder, because he didn't want his friend to be remembered as someone who killed himself.

Related: How Brain Scans Could Help Predict a Person's Future Success

The prosecution and McQueen's family believe Smith is lying. Prosecutors have pointed out that he was heavily traumatized by what he witnessed in the Middle East. During his first trial, Smith was diagnosed with PTSD.

Two trials have yielded little hard evidence to prove Smith's guilt or innocence, but in the mind of Joel Huizenga, CEO of a company called Truthful Brain, there is no doubt. He is convinced Smith is completely innocent.

Huizenga's company and a team of independent experts conducted the fMRI scans on Smith's brain while questioning him about the events of that night. They were looking for certain patterns of activity that would indicate he might be lying.

"Deliberately lying is hard work," Huizenga told VICE. "When you're telling the truth, you're just retrieving a memory. But when you lie you have to bring back the truth first and then manipulate it and doing that requires much more of the brain to be active. This means blood rushes to specific areas which are never really used when you're being truthful, and the fMRI allows us to detect these relative changes of blood flow."

Huizenga initially asked Smith to intentionally lie in response to simple questions about his age and place of birth to get an idea of what his brain looks like when he's lying. Then he compared those scans to the ones taken while he was questioned about McQueen.

"In my opinion, they show beyond a shadow of a doubt that he is innocent. Everything about the scans is completely clean," Huizenga says. "None of the brain areas associated with lying light up whatsoever when he's asked about killing his room-mate."

But these scans will not be shown to the jury when Smith is tried again later this year. Last month, his attorney requested a new Frye hearing, a proceeding which determines whether new technology can be used as evidence in a court of law. The request was denied.

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Photo via Flickr user Image Editor

The previous Frye hearing, which took place ahead Smith's 2012 trial, was the most comprehensive legal review of fMRI 'lie detection' in the legal system so far. Ultimately, it ended in rejection.

"The legal decision is based on whether fMRI lie detection has been completely accepted in the scientific community and that's not the case right now," explained Gary Gibson, a professor at California Western School of Law, in an interview with VICE.

"You have scientists saying it's great, but there are others saying the brain is too variable and it isn't reliable. If an analyst runs a DNA sample, you'll get the same result one thousand times in a row. Is that the case for fMRI? We don't know and judges are going to be conservative as we've let a boatload of unreliable science in courts before. Look at the FBI's retractions of bullet lead and hair sample analysis. Those technologies were admitted despite thousands of inconsistent results and now they've had to be pulled. So people are going to be cautious."

Frank Haist is a cognitive neuroscientist in the Psychiatry Department at the University of California, who has testified as an expert witness in Smith's case, arguing for the use of brain imaging data. He believes that the prosecution resisted particularly strongly as it was a trial by jury.

"If the defense entered this kind of information, I think jurors would find it particularly compelling," Haist explained. "It would make a whole lot of sense to them. While the prosecution could put out counter-evidence, it's very approachable science so that's why they want to keep it out."

Haist believes the fMRI data is far more valid than much of the scientific evidence which has been presented during the two trials so far.

"There was an expert on the prosecution side who argued that the pattern of blood flow splatter from the victim was consistent with a gunshot at a particular angle from a particular distance, while an expert for the defense said it was more consistent with a suicide. Personally I would suggest that the forensic validity of blood splatter analysis is highly questionable. So the decision to allow something like that in, and exclude the fMRI analysis seemed rather arbitrary."

The opponents of brain scan lie detection argue that it remains too vulnerable to countermeasures, which can beat the system. One study done by the Harvard Medical School found that participants could obscure the ability to detect deception by making subtle motor movements during key points in testing.

"The countermeasure reduced the ability to detect deception, but they didn't eliminate it completely," Haist says. "It was still possible to tell they were lying. The field is still maturing and with improvements in pattern recognition, it will get to the point where we can exclude all the possibility of any counter-measure working. It's also important to look at particular personality styles such as sociopaths. Can they mask lying better than the typical person because they're delusional? That's an open question. We haven't done research in the deception field to decide conclusively whether the technology could be more than 90 percent accurate in those cases."


For more unexpected forays into the brain, check out Stoned Kids:


Huizenga believes the technology is up to the challenge but the problem is finding the funds to conduct such studies. "What would be the best for the field is if a government puts up the money for a study involving 1,000 people. That's only thing that people can hold against it at the moment, the study size work is small."

Outside of the courtroom, the demand for brain scan detectors is steadily increasing, with Florida State police signing up to use 'brain fingerprinting' technology last year. Many believe it will soon replace polygraphs as the lie detection method of choice.

"Polygraphs simply look at whether you're anxious or nervous and they're pretty good at telling that," Huizenga says. "But the leap of faith is from being anxious to telling a lie and that's why they're only 60 percent accurate. There are people who are anxious when they're telling the truth. And they're easy to manipulate. You can beat a polygraph through simple techniques like taking a beta-blocker."

Currently, polygraphs are used hundreds of thousands of times a year across the US but given their low accuracy rate, Gibson says the final judgement often comes down to the polygraph operator rather than the data itself. He believes that if the CIA and national security agencies switch to using fMRI instead, that could start the ball rolling for the technology to be accepted in court.

"There has been interest and that would be the vindication that it's passed beyond theoretical. In any case, sooner or later you're going to find a judge that's going to admit it. It just takes one judge in one state to start the ball rolling and that could happen in six months or six years. Frankly, I think the way it's going to get into court is going to be through a civil application, not a criminal application because the stakes are [lower]. You're only talking about money, not freedom."

But such a decision will undoubtedly come too late for Smith, who will discover his fate for a third time, by the end of 2015.

"I believe that if admitted, the fMRI evidence would have tipped it in his favor, since he's been consistent with the 'I didn't shoot him,' story," Gibson says.

Haist feels the evidence should have been presented at trial but he is agnostic as to whether Smith is really innocent or guilty.

"He says he's not lying, that he did not kill his room-mate and I believe the data is consistent with that. But I can't say that evidence alone should exonerate him. I don't think that the science is there yet to allow that kind of determination by itself. It still has to be taken in the context of all the other data and there was a lot of unusual behavior that night, which is difficult to explain. In any court, it has to be the weight of evidence, rather than any single piece of evidence, which ultimately counts."

Follow David Cox on Twitter.

How Will Cleveland Respond to the Michael Brelo Verdict?

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Cleveland's Justice Center is a concrete block just south of the Lake Erie shoreline done in a shade of beige that always looks in need of a good pressure washing. Narrow windows run the building's latitude and give it the slightly menacing look of partially-open venetian blinds, out of which some unseen force might be peering.

Inside, Cleveland Police Officer Michael Brelo, who had been standing trial for voluntary manslaughter in the deaths of two unarmed black suspects, was found not guilty Saturday of all charges lodged against him. In an hour-long explanation of the ruling, Judge John O'Donnell said that prosecutors had not proved "beyond a reasonable doubt" that Brelo "knowingly caused the deaths of Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams" by jumping on the hood of their car and firing at least 15 rounds through the windshield in November 2012. Five Cleveland Police Supervisors have also been charged with dereliction of duty, though their trial dates have not yet been set.

The judge decided that the prosecution failed to show that Brelo—who with a dozen other officers unleashed a total of 137 rounds—had fired the decisive shots, and further determined that from Brelo's perspective that night, the shots were justifiable.

The verdict hits the city six months after the shooting of Tamir Rice . The initial investigation into the 12-year-old's death is still underway, a fact that has drawn ire from local and national civil rights advocates. A protest in Rice's name is scheduled for Saturday afternoon, as is a counter protest, the latest spark in a decades-long struggle over local policing practices.

The story of the Brelo trial, which has been followed closely by Clevelanders, actually begins where it ended Saturday, at a spot just across from the court complex on Lakeside Avenue that's known for drug deals. On the night of November 29, 2012, Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams visited that spot in a 1979 Chevy Malibu. Russell, 43, and Williams, 30, knew each other from a homeless shelter on Superior Avenue where they both got free meals. She was a diagnosed paranoid schizophrenic and he suffered from bipolar disorder. Both had long struggled with addiction, and they were out that night to score, which they did.

Eventually, after their bodies had been riddled with bullets and removed from the car, police would find a crack pipe, and toxicology reports would go on to indicate that each had cocaine and other drugs in their systems.

Around 10:30 PM, a plainclothes cop ran the car's plates, and when nothing showed up, attempted to pull it over for a turn signal violation. Russell, who'd had run-ins with the police before, decided to make a break for it. As he did, there was a noise officers thought sounded like a gunshot. An expert at trial later concluded that the car had backfired. Russell sped through Public Square, over the Detroit Superior Bridge, which spans the Cuyahoga River, and headed into Cleveland's West Side.

Over the course of the next 23 minutes, Russell would take police on a high-speed tour of the city, dipping slightly south towards Steelyard Commons before getting on I-90 and heading east. Sixty-two police cars eventually joined in the chase, which reached speeds of 100 mph. Russell finally came to a stop in the city of East Cleveland, cornered by police near a middle school. Cops later said that the car was trying to run them over and someone thought they saw a gun. Officers fired and the shooting continued until 13 of them had discharged the 137 bullets.

Officer Michael Brelo emptied 49 bullets from his service weapon into the car; the final rounds, a fellow officer later testified, came when Brelo jumped on the hood of the Malibu and fired directly downwards onto Russell and Williams. A gun was never found on either of them.

"This assumption of violence is at the core of what people are pissed off about."

In the wake of protests in Baltimore and Ferguson, the City of Cleveland began issuing statements about public safety and the verdict's announcement last week. Children could stay home from school after the verdict, they said, and neighborhood listservs sent out the locations of designated "safe houses" where residents could shelter in the event of rioting. Local news reported that city officials were sitting down with coaches, motorcycle club leaders, pastors, and former gang members to talk about violence prevention.

In late April, as the trial wrapped up, local news outlets reported that the police department had issued orders for officers to come to work prepared with protective gear, including helmets and shields.

Implicit in the city's preparations for the Brelo verdict is a fear that the cumulative effects of a year of bad news about the police use of excessive force—the Department of Justice issued a damning report on Cleveland in late 2014, prompted in part by the deaths of Russell Williams—could bubble over. Vanita Gupta, head of the Justice Department's Civil Rights Division, issued a statement following the Brelo verdict that she and her team would "now review the testimony and evidence presented in the state trial."

Erika Anthony, senior director of advocacy and policy for Cleveland Neighborhood Progress, a community development organization, and Evelyn Burnett, the group's Vice President of Economic Opportunity, attended outreach meetings conducted by officials in recent days. They hope the city's abundance-of-caution response doesn't hinder any lawful protests in the wake of the verdict's announcement.

"One of the questions that I've been pressing in meetings is the difference between a protest and a riot," Anthony said. "You can't deny citizens the right to meet or galvanize in a group if they're not doing something violent. You can't stop that, and I think the messages have been mixed as far as what the city wants people to do or not do."

Burnett says she doesn't think that the city is wrong to be prepared, but added that the investment of attention in the potential for rioting has pushed off discussions about the city's more systemic issues. Early last week, Cleveland City Councilman Kevin Conwell of the majority-black Glenville neighborhood was misquoted in a NPR story, saying that he would "riot the neighborhood for three days after the verdict if he's acquitted. I have to riot. I have to show leadership. Conwell actually said "ride" and NPR later corrected its account.

"This assumption of violence is at the core of what people are pissed off about," Burnett said. "This implicit bias that then leads to this implicit fear of us, all the time. That's what black folks are saying—why do you continue to be so afraid of me to the point that it gives you immunity if you take my life?"

Foremost in the minds of many Cleveland activists are not riots, but rather the terms of an agreement between the feds and the city to address its policing problems.

The DOJ's December 2014 report found that "CDP officers too frequently resort to a type of force that is unreasonable in light of the resistance or threat encountered." The consent decree, as it is known, is essentially a settlement in which the city agrees to take steps toward halting its violations. An independent monitor, as yet unnamed, will be appointed to oversee the process, a nod to the fact that recommendations from a similar 2004 DOJ report about the city's policing practices, "were either not fully implemented or, if implemented, were not maintained over time."

David Malik, a civil rights attorney who represented the family of Malissa Williams in its successful $3 million lawsuit against the city, said he hopes to see more rigorous training for officers and dispatchers, along with better communications equipment. Halfway through the chase that ended in the deaths of Russell and Williams, some officers can be heard on tape telling dispatchers, "He does not have a gun in his hand" and, "There's a red pop can in his hand, be advised." The information seems to have been lost in the chaos of the pursuit.

Will Cooper, a former Cleveland Police Sergeant who was with the department from 1981 until his retirement in 2011, said in an interview that the city uses what he calls an "antiquated" dispatch system. "Cars can't speak to each other, lots of time the dispatchers can't speak to the cars," he told me.

The Justice Department noticed these problems. It found that not all cars have computers that let them communicate properly with dispatchers, and, "of those that do, the computers do not all reliably work." Police sometimes can't access information about the nature of calls they get—in the Tamir Rice shooting, the officers who arrived at the scene didn't receive the initial 911 caller's caveat that the gun the 12-year-old was carrying was "probably fake," and that Rice was "probably a juvenile."

Officers sometimes rely on personal cell phones to receive and collect information, using them to take photographs and send text messages, potential evidence in criminal cases. The DOJ's report noted that this was legally hazy territory and that "CDP has no protocol in place for how such evidence will be handled, preserved, or disclosed to prosecutors and defense attorneys."

A Cleveland police spokesperson said in an email that an update the to current dispatch system, which dates to 2009, is "in the works" and "could possibly occur this year."

Malik, the civil rights attorney, also pointed to the importance of greater transparency and said that the department currently operates in a climate of "wholesale lack of accountability."

"There is a paucity of analytical data collected on the performance of officers in Cleveland," he said. "There needs to be a database that tracks officer complaints and tracks officer commendations."

He added that Timothy Loehmann, the officer who shot Rice, had received poor marks on his handgun abilities at his previous post with a suburban department—his skills were "dismal," according to an evaluation, and he became "distracted" and "weepy" during the course of training. He was still hired by the Cleveland Police.

Another excessive force incident by Cleveland Police in 2011 only came to light after an anonymous source leaked video from a police helicopter showing the beating of 41-year-old Edward Henderson after he led police on a chase. Henderson, who sustained a detached retina and broken eye socket, was awarded $600,000 in damages from the city. He told the Cleveland Plain Dealer that cops laughed as they beat him, and said they would blame his injuries on a car crash. Their incident report included no notes that force had been used.

Cooper, the former Cleveland cop, says the nature of the police department changed drastically during his tenure, and that most officers on the force when he started out had been shaped by the tumultuous events of the late 1960s and 1970s.

"They were very careful about starting something that couldn't be controlled," he said. "Within their experience, they got shot at, the snipers tried to take them out. Hough and Glenville"—neighborhoods that saw large-scale rioting, including sniper fire, in 1966 and 1968—"had an extreme effect on these guys."

Cooper said there was a shift in tenor during the 1990s and 2000s.

"Some of the Iraq War-era veterans who had a tremendous, terrible experience over there, they come over here and your department starts to become more militarized. There's a detachment, there's a retreat from the community policing concept of things."

Before she died, Malissa Williams had at least 46 run-ins with the criminal justice system.

In the days leading up to the verdict, many on the ground in Cleveland expected the Brelo announcement to pass peacefully, and not just because of the city's preemptive actions. "I think the community is too passive to have a Ferguson or a Baltimore," Erika Anthony said. She and Burnett cite disillusionment with city politics in particular—a movement has been afoot for the past several months to recall three-term Mayor Frank Jackson.

Efforts have sprung up aiming to clue Cleveland citizens into the implementation of federally-mandated police reforms. Burnett and Anthony are part of a collective looking to develop a digital platform that will provide information on the DOJ consent agreement and track the progress of any reform efforts. "Our tax dollars will pay for this consent agreement one way or another," Burnett said. "One major outcome is people taking back ownership of their government and their elected officials."

It remains a fact of life for many Cleveland residents—a city where 35 percent of the population lives below the poverty line—that police are the both a threat and the most common route to crucial public services like mental health counseling. Before she died, Malissa Williams had at least 46 run-ins with the criminal justice system. She had been arrested on prostitution charges—the Plain Dealer reported that in a police sting, she had offered to perform sex acts in a car for $20. But most of the calls to police were reporting disturbances related to her schizophrenia, including those from distraught relatives. Williams was homeless at the end of her life, but not without family.

Martha Mae Williams, her mother, talked to The Daily Beast shortly after the shooting in 2012. "I'm not going to let them close her casket," she said. "They're going to have to look at what the police did to my child."

Clare Malone is a freelance writer and an editorial staffer at the New Yorker. Follow her on Twitter.

Video Shows Frenzied Clash at Protest Over Plan to Build Massive Copper Mine in Peru

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Video Shows Frenzied Clash at Protest Over Plan to Build Massive Copper Mine in Peru

​A New Weapon for SWAT Teams: Bomb-Squad Robots

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At first glance, what happened to Stephen Fought doesn't seem that unusual by the standards of Albuquerque, New Mexico. Fought, who suffers from schizophrenia, locked himself in a motel room with a gun and refused to come out, so the Albuquerque Police Department sent a SWAT team to get him out. They eventually apprehended Fought, but he says he sustained serious injuries from beanbag rounds and bites from a police dog.

In a city made nationally famous by the shocking video of the police killing of a mentally ill homeless man in March 2014, Fought's case was just a blip in the local news cycle. But there was one aspect of the arrest that was bizarre even by the standards of Walter White's hometown: According to Fought, police confronted him with a Remotec ANDROS bomb-squad robot, using it to launch "chemical munitions" through the motel room window.

"They sent that robot over there, and I thought, 'Man, what is that?' You know?" Fought said in an interview. "They threw a grenade in there, it started smoking, I threw it back out. They threw another one, I threw it back out. They broke out the window with a, some kind of a ball or something. Some kind of a shell."

In the depths of schizophrenic delusions, and terrified by the military tactics and equipment employed by the SWAT Team, Fought struggled to keep his cool.

"I mean, even in the hospital, I went to the hospital, I thought they were gonna kill me at the hospital," he said.

It's not the only time Albuquerque's bomb-squad robot has been deployed by the SWAT team, either. Using information from the police department's publicly available monthly reports, VICE identified at least seven instances of the bomb-squad robot being used by Albuquerque's SWAT team. In one case, the robot was used to reach in a suicidal man's bedroom window and pull a blanket off of him because the SWAT team was wondering whether he had a gun or not. (Turns out he didn't.)

Albuquerque Police Department spokesman Tanner Tixier refused to answer any questions, instructing me to instead file a public-records request with the department, which is outstanding. (The department had put nearly half of the public records staff on leave right before that conversation last month.)

Are robot armies the future? Maybe! Watch this documentary on Motherboard.

The robot takeover spreads far beyond Albuquerque, and their use is swiftly becoming commonplace among SWAT teams nationally. The robots, originally designed for use as bomb-disposal tools, are also becoming increasingly weaponized. Northrop Grumman's Remotec ANDROS F6 robot, for example, can be outfitted with an X-ray to look for explosive material, or a "disruptor" to safely detonate bombs. But it can also be fitted with a pepper-spray dispenser, a tear-gas launcher, and even a shotgun.

Northrop Grumman spokeswoman Janis Lamar told me in an email that over 90 percent of police bomb squads use Remotec robots, with over 1,100 of them deployed across the US. And according to Lamar, the LAPD owns a "heavy-duty" unmanned vehicle, an armored cross between a bulldozer and a crane known as the BatCat. A video demonstration on Northrop Grumman's website shows the BatCat lifting a van and then tearing down the wall of a building.

Now a new generation of robots is on the way, with some of the work being done in Albuquerque. The federally-funded Sandia National Laboratories, located just outside the city limits, is hard at work on some of the most cutting-edge robotics programs in the nation. During a tour of Sandia's facilities, I was shown two robots under development, the Gemini-Scout and the STEPPR. The Gemini-Scout is a three-foot-high robot on tank treads, designed to enter mines on search-and-rescue missions. The STEPPR is a bipedal robot also intended for disaster response which has been under development since Japan's Fukushima disaster in 2011.


For more on the militarization of the police, watch this interview:


Although Sandia is not developing the robots for police or military use, they could certainly be modified by police departments after the fact.

"As the technology evolves, the capability will be there," said Steve Buerger, a principal member of Sandia's R&D staff working on the STEPPR. "There's obviously a lot of uses for these technologies and a lot of issues to work through in terms of the best way to use them. But I think there are some very positive uses like emergency response or explosive ordinance disposal."

Still, it'll be a long time before a walking robocop knocks on your door, according to Buerger.

"The system's like this: It's taking a few steps and trying not to fall," he said. "The technology really has a long way to go before it's useful in a lot of the application spaces that might require a more robust system."

Jake Deuel, Sandia's Robotic and Security Systems manager, said robots aren't usually developed with local police forces in mind, but that may change.

"Typically, they don't have the resources to be able to fund research at a lab," he said. "But now with like the Department of Homeland Security, there's ways that if your local police department said they really need something through DHS or the Science and Technology Department, there's ways they could make requests that, 'We need a robot to be able to do this.'"

[body_image width='2000' height='1333' path='images/content-images/2015/05/22/' crop='images/content-images-crops/2015/05/22/' filename='a-new-weapon-for-swat-teams-bomb-squad-robots-522-body-image-1432328374.jpg' id='59091']

The Remotec ANDROS F6. Photo courtesy Northrop Grumman

Indeed, the expanded use of robots seems to track with a general trend of federally supported police militarization. Through initiatives like the Pentagon's 1033 program, the military has been transferring war gear to civilian police departments in the US. According to the ACLU, close to 500 bomb-disposal robots have been transferred to police departments through the program. (It's worth noting that President Obama this week announced plans to rein in federal militarization of local police, at least in the case of some of the scariest devices, like grenade launchers.)

ACLU Legislative Council Kanya Bennett told VICE that the Department of Defense claims all weaponry is removed from the robots before they are transferred to local police departments, but there's no reason the departments can't purchase the weaponry from Northrop Grumman or another supplier and attach it themselves.

"We have law enforcement receiving all kinds of military weapons, all kinds of military equipment that it has no idea what to do with. And then kind of configures for its own purposes," she said. "We certainly believe that some of this equipment should not be in the hands of state and locals to begin with, so that's a problem in itself."

Bennett said the use of robots raises serious concerns, as it removes officers and departments even further from life-or-death decisions that impact community members.

"We're having a difficult time holding our traditional—our human—police officers accountable in recent months," she said. "So I'm certainly concerned with introducing additional technology where there's even less accountability."

Stanford Law professor and police-militarization expert David Sklansky said that while there are legitimate uses for robots in policing, there are also plenty of legit concerns.

"If you have an officer on the phone and you have a probe that's going in to make sure that things are safe, there are gonna be situations where I think that's appropriate," he said. "Now, if you start putting weapons on the machines, that raises the stakes dramatically... Weapons are dangerous enough in human hands. When you start talking about operating them remotely, you create, obviously, new possibilities for mistakes and accidents."

And mistakes certainly do happen. In Tennessee several years ago, a police robot accidentally burned down a man's home.

The challenge for law enforcement and police reformers, then, will be to balance what seems like a pretty obvious need for modern tools with what has become an intense national conversation about militarized policing in America.

Andrew Beale is an independent journalist based in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He's reported from Palestine, Mexico, and Turkey for VICE, Al Jazeera, Alternet, and other outlets run by lefties and weirdos.


Getting Rid of Your Vinyl Forever? Here's a Cookie

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Getting Rid of Your Vinyl Forever? Here's a Cookie

Comics: Artists of Today, Part 2

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[body_image width='1862' height='2400' path='images/content-images/2015/05/24/' crop='images/content-images-crops/2015/05/24/' filename='artists-of-today-part-2-body-image-1432480409.jpg' id='59201']

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[body_image width='1000' height='1289' path='images/content-images/2015/05/24/' crop='images/content-images-crops/2015/05/24/' filename='artists-of-today-part-2-body-image-1432480430.jpg' id='59203']

[body_image width='1000' height='1289' path='images/content-images/2015/05/24/' crop='images/content-images-crops/2015/05/24/' filename='artists-of-today-part-2-body-image-1432480445.jpg' id='59204']

[body_image width='1000' height='1289' path='images/content-images/2015/05/24/' crop='images/content-images-crops/2015/05/24/' filename='artists-of-today-part-2-body-image-1432480452.jpg' id='59205']

[body_image width='1000' height='1289' path='images/content-images/2015/05/24/' crop='images/content-images-crops/2015/05/24/' filename='artists-of-today-part-2-body-image-1432480460.jpg' id='59206']

Check out part 1 of Corradetti's artists, look at Killer Acid on Instagram, and buy Artists of Today and other stuff from Corradetti's website.

A Tech Guy from Detroit Created a Dating App that Matches Israelis with Palestinians

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[body_image width='907' height='606' path='images/content-images/2015/05/21/' crop='images/content-images-crops/2015/05/21/' filename='a-white-tech-guy-from-detroit-created-a-dating-app-that-matches-israelis-with-palestinians-body-image-1432239769.png' id='58642']

Matthew Nolan, creator of the Verona app. Photo courtesy of Nolan

Does exposure breed good vibes? Can hanging out with a person who comes from the opposite side of a political divide create enough connective tissue to bridge that divide? Scientists have long struggled to answer this question. While there is still no conclusive evidence, some relevant data emerged from a recent Pew study that explored how different religions are perceived by Americans. Muslims were viewed the least favorably, Pew found. However, knowing a Muslim seems to have a small effect on reported levels of personal prejudice.

Matthew Nolan wants to explore—and exploit—that finding to secure peace in the Middle East. The 31-year-old Detroit native now lives in the East Village, where he works as a software developer and dating coach. Most recently, Nolan launched a dating app intended to bring together Israelis and Palestinians. Verona, named for the city where the fighting of the Montagues and the Capulets led to the deaths of Romeo and Juliet, is a Tinder-esque app that matches Palestinians with Israelis.

Verona currently has between 1000-2000 users, and the reviews seem very positive, aside from those that are blatantly xenophobic ("This app is for lazy & ugly Arabs, who don't have any chance to find their love mate in other places or apps. If you are looking to be raped and live in daily violence, this app is perfect for you"). VICE spoke to Nolan to learn more about Verona, the tech world, and what a white guy from Detroit has to contribute to peace in the Middle East.

VICE: How would you describe the work that you do?
Matthew Nolan: I build software. I'm an artist. Software has become my art, I guess.

So you're a tech dude.
For better or for worse, I'm a tech dude. But I'm a cool tech dude. They've been getting a bad rap. There's a lot of douchey tech guys out there. I'm one of the non-douchey ones. I really like doing things that affect the world in a positive way. Technology, it's like a hairspray bottle: with a little bit of effort, in just the right way and just the right place, you can affect great change, massive change, positive change.

How did Verona come about?
It was at a party after Valentine's Day. I had a bunch of people over, and we were talking about Burning Man and how to use art to make the world a better place. My buddy, who's Palestinian, brought a date who is Israeli, and he said, "We're bringing the world together." I'm like, that's hilarious! Maybe we should do a dating site, like J-P Date, Jewish-Palestinian date. We were laughing about it; we were just having a fun time. But the idea stuck with me, J-P Date. And it's easy—I already have these software skills. So I thought about it, and then after a week, I was like, Yeah, I should just fucking do it. I did the whole thing in a month, less than that, coded the whole thing up.

When I told people my idea, people were just like, "Dude. That's awesome. Fucking hilarious, you have to do that. That's amazing." My super-hippie/burner/tech friends were all into it. So I started seeking out friends of mine, or friends of friends, who are more conservative, guys at the office who are Israeli and have kids. Everybody thinks that it's hilarious. And nobody's threatened to kill me yet, so I think I'm onto something.


For more on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, check out Against the Wall:



Are you an Israeli or a Palestinian?
I'm a white guy from Detroit.

Do you think there's a cap on how many users you can attract? What about cultural and religious barriers?
I'm very flexible with the terminology of Israeli/Palestinian. Even if you're Jewish and you've never been to Israel or you're Arabic but don't have direct ties to Palestine, I still want a selfie of you on a date. My dream is a wall of selfies of people who met on my app. That way, when the propaganda machine over in Israel is saying, "The other side hates us," it just seems more asinine.

Is my app going to spark world peace? As much as I would love to take credit for igniting world peace, it's going to take a lot more than my app, but it's a step in the right direction. It's a shift.

I want people to have more to talk about than all this bullshit, who's right and who's wrong.

How does Verona work?
I'm fascinated by the mating habits of the human being. The problem I have with Tinder is that it's so fundamentally superficial, right? Something interesting about me is, apart from being a software engineer, I am also a professional dating coach. Clients from around the world fly to New York because they have a hard time meeting people, or they are too shy, or too nervous, or they aren't confident enough. They need help in their love life: That's what we do. It's probably one of the most rewarding experiences I've had in my life. It's about helping people develop social skills, a tool set so they can get their own dates. What I'm doing is stripping away blockers for them. It's all about removing insecurities and helping them realize their full potential, that they really are amazing people, and there's no reason they can't get a date, and enabling them to go forth and do that.

Have you ever had problems approaching women?
No. Everyone in the community has the same story: They had a hard time in high school. I always had girlfriends in high school. I never had confidence problems. I am a computer nerd, don't get me wrong! I've got my nerd stripes, I'm a techie, I'm a nerd. But I was DJing as a teenager; I was out and about.

So Tinder felt wrong. Why?
It's so superficial. It's based completely on how a person looks, which has its place. It's a raunchy pick-up app. If all you're looking for is someone based on physical appearances, Tinder serves its purpose. And then a lot of apps go the other way, like OkCupid and Match. They're too psychological; it's not fun, they're like homework.

For Verona, I want people to have connections with more substance. It's critical that people aren't just hooking up on a superficial level. So my key feature in Verona is, I ask people to identify what in life they're most passionate about. When guys come out when we're coaching them, they're always like, "What's the one pick-up line? What's the one zinger to guarantee you'll get a girl?" And really, the one thing is to say, "Hi," and then ask them [about] what interests them. There's nothing more attractive than somebody being interested in you.

What's one way Verona might help those in the Middle East to better understand each other?
If you can imagine people over there in the middle of this conflict, I want people to have more to talk about than all this bullshit, who's right and who's wrong. It seems to me that's what the dialogue is: Your people shouldn't have done this, your people have done that. This way, if people are talking about Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, at least there's a lot of common ground established.

Do you believe a romantic connection can increase empathy?
Before romance ever happens between two people, there first has to be a basic connection. What Verona provides is a venue for that connection to first happen. Verona is just as useful [for making] casual friends, as it is for something deeper. In any relationship, the depth of love is directly proportional to the amount of trust each person is investing. Hypothetically, if you had masses of people forming deep, profound relationships, and investing great trust with individuals on the other "side," the conflict would cease to exist. A cynic might say this notion is naive. I disagree. These kinds of relationships are already happening. There just needs to be more of them.

What would you say to people who say Jews should only date Jews, or Muslims should only date Muslims?
If this app upsets them, don't use it. This app is for people making a choice to date, or even just to communicate, with someone who's different.

Follow Batya Ungar-Sargon on Twitter.

Islamic State Warns of 'Black Days' for Saudi Arabia as Bomber in Mosque Attack Is Identified

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Islamic State Warns of 'Black Days' for Saudi Arabia as Bomber in Mosque Attack Is Identified

'The Inception of Zombie Wars,' by Aleksandar Hemon

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Illustrations by Matt Panuska

Excerpted from The Making of Zombie Wars: A Novel by Aleksandar Hemon. Copyright 2015 by Aleksandar Hemon. Excerpted with permission of Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Script Idea #2: An elderly contract killer with a heart condition is forced to go into retirement after he failed at his last hit. It's his only miss, so when he has a chance to redo it and restore his perfect record, he cannot say no, even if he's risking a heart attack. But then he falls in love with the target's teenage daughter. Title: The Last Heart

Script Idea #7: A blind man and a blind woman, attracted to each other by smell. On their first date, they find themselves at a murder scene and catch the killer's particular scent. Nobody believes them, and the perfumed killer is now pursuing them. Title: Where Do We Go from Nowhere

Script Idea #12: DJ Spinoza is a misfit no one understands: not his schoolmates, not his friends, not his teachers. His one dream is to DJ at his prom night and blow all those assholes away. After his radical DJ-ing results in a disastrous party at the place of the girl (Rise) he aims to hook up with, he ends up castigated. What will it take to make everyone dance and Rise fall for him? Title: Spinning Out of Control

Now, what could I do with the boy? Joshua asked himself. All human feelings are derived from pleasure, pain, and desire—but most importantly, Spin could say to Rise, from the beat. And what if he said nothing? What if he was the strong, silent type? Why this and not that? Writing is nothing if not carrying the hopeless, backbreaking burden of decisions devoid of consequences.

Afternoon at the Coffee Shoppe slipped into evening just as Joshua's caffeination reached the heights of the Rwandan plantations where his beverage originated. Hence he was burning to surf the web for Rwanda, learn some interesting facts about other cultures, and allow his current creative dilemmas to resolve themselves. Back in the day, before the worldwide web of temptation, there used to be that thing called inspiration. Then the spirit was perpetually displaced by trivia and vanity search. Mercifully, there was no internet access at the Coffee Shoppe.

Hence Joshua opened up a file with another script in perpetual development (title: The Snakeman Blues), in which a comic-book geek and a retired superhero (the Snakeman), ungainfully employed as a public-school English teacher, team up to fight the evil mayor of Chicago. Joshua was incapable of deciding whether the Snakeman would die at the end or live to go back to teaching—the truly heroic activity in the city of Chicago—and if so, whether he would do so in his human or his serpentine form. The happy ending was corny, while the death was depressing, and Joshua could think of nothing in between. Besides, how exactly would a reptile fight the CPD and the devious mayor?

Too hypoglycemic to type a word, which would then perhaps lead to the next word, he could only perceive the blank space below what he'd written last. (Snakeman: Don't! Let's take care of the boss first.) Baruch the Spinner was right: Infinity exhausts all reality. But finitude does it too, almost. Joshua stared at the crosswalk outside the Coffee Shoppe where nothing was happening, until he discovered some comfort in devising wisecracks for some imaginary audience at some future dinner party: How is a shoppe different from a shop? Did the Wife of Bath drink soy-milk chai lattes? Are the Middle English–speaking baristas commonly stricken with the Black Death, etc.?

He was about to open a new file to log all the shoppe cracks, when a pack of ROTC cadets appeared on the Olive Street horizon in fatefully slow motion, reminding him of that long shot in Lawrence of Arabia where in the flat-line desert a speck grows into a horseman. The cadets forded the street fake-punching one another, slapping their shaven necks, no worry in their lives, save the fear of being expelled from the pack. And then he saw them in the desert, thickly coated in dust, tongue-hanging thirsty on their way to a battle where they would mature and/or heroically die, the nefarious natives offering them contaminated piss-warm water in beaten tin cups. The cadets couldn't begin to conceive of their sandstorming future; they couldn't as much as pity themselves in advance. In fact, they could see little beyond their imminent meal, beyond acting out their childish toughness, beyond playacting hand-to-hand combat at lunch break. He who has a mind capable of a great many things has a body whose greatest part is eternal, wrote Baruch. And out of the sad ROTC mindlessness the scene from Dawn of the Dead was recollected in which zombies tottered in circles around a depopulated shopping mall unable to forget their life before their undeath, their infected brains still retaining the remnants of their happy Christmas memories. A chubby cadet sensed the intensity of Joshua's inspired gaze and, as the rest of the corps trundled on to the next-door sandwich shop, stopped to grin at him from the other side of the window. His face was wide, his cheeks flushed, his front teeth of uneven sizes like a skyline, his eyes lit up with the arrogant innocence of youth. In a blissful blink, Joshua saw the narrative landscape neatly laid down before him: all the endless possibilities, all the overhead and wide shots, all the graceful character trajectories blazing across the spectacular firmament, all the expanse conducive to a love interest—all Joshua had to do was stroll through that Edenic symmetry and write it down. This time, he was determined, his vision would not decompose in the computer memory with the skeletons of his other ideas: He opened, right then and there, a new Final Draft file and created the title page to stare at it:

Zombie Wars
by Joshua Levin
Chicago, March 31, 2003

Whereupon he stared at it.

Alas, unless you're the Lord himself, creation cannot be willed: Joshua needed to eat something before embarking upon it, and hence stood in line behind an overtattooed prick who couldn't decide between banana and pumpkin bread, while the barista in a Che Guevara hat (yet presumably fluent in Middle fucking English) looked on indifferently. The impasse allowed Joshua to imagine a zombie biting into the prick's neck tattoos, blood splashing the ready lattes, turning them pink, the zombie oblivious to the hysterically hissing espresso machine. The revolutionary Chaucerian barista, artistically striving for the perfect foam, took an eternity to steam the milk for Joshua's cappuccino, giving enough time for the zombie apocalypse to smoothly exhaust its cataclysmic reality and sink to the bottom of Joshua's mind. Back at his shaky table, he sat munching on carrot bread until he reached a Zen-worthy level of caffeine-crash blankness. He closed the file, then the program, and then, finally, his computer, to put it in his bag, to sleep.

Substantial portions of Joshua's life had been wasted before, leaving no trace of trauma or regret. But the pressing problem on this particular Monday was that he needed to turn in some pages to his Screenwriting II workshop(pe?), which was to be conducted that night at Graham's place for the first time. The Birkenstock cocksuckers from the Film Collective were bloodsuckers as well, per Graham, taking a shameless cut of the class fee without bothering to provide enough toilet paper. He'd been paying for it out of his pocket, until he'd concluded that his faithful workshoppers could just as well wipe their asses at his humble abode, while he could keep all the money for himself.

The pageless Joshua, equipped only with the vaguest zombie memories, was thus ensconced in a purple beanbag on Graham's living-room floor. Pretzels and a spacious plastic bottle of defizzed Diet Coke crowded the coffee table. With his testicles squeezed by his twisted underwear, Joshua avoided all eye contact with the beflanneled Dillon, outlining some idea of his, hip-deep in the faded, sunken futon. Bega was there too, hunched at the desk in a Motörhead T-shirt, contemplating the splendorously lit Wrigley Field in Graham's window. The baseball crowd emitted a home-run roar and Bega grunted wistfully, his thick, unneatly parted gray hair conspicuously rhyming with the grayish shrub on his face. Graham interrupted Dillon's rambling to make a point by sharing a pertinent section from the script he'd just completed.

"Blessed be the amateurs!" Graham spoke in the bloated voice of one of his cardboard characters. "The triers, the failers, the shit-swimmers! Let us praise those who dream big and achieve nothing, those undaunted by impossibilities, entrapped by possibilities! They are the dung beetles of the American dream, the unsung little fertilizers of American soil."

Graham rubbed his thumb pensively against his cleft chin as he looked up at his audience for their reaction: Dillon was looming over an open notebook in his lap, writing something down furiously; Bega nodded, chewing his Bic pen to pieces; Joshua was fixated on Graham, but only because his very balls were swelling in the painful squeeze. Addressing the problem required standing up and shoving his hand into his pants to free his testicles from the grip of his underwear. He was not ready for such a commitment, so he endured. The mind can imagine nothing except while the body endures.

"Just so you don't wonder what happens," Graham continued, "my boy goes on to make it big. He's gonna bottom out at the end of Act Two, but then comes back in Act Three, winning a Golden Globe."

Joshua tried to reach for his backpack, but the pain in his groin made him gasp and sit back. Graham's living room was overwhelmed with paperbacks—on the shelves, on the floor, on the windowsills—all of them dusty and invested in the magic of film and the science of screenwriting. The only wall without the books featured a gigantic poster for The Godfather: Part II, Al Pacino looming over them like Jesus in an altarpiece.

"This is all based on a true story, gentlemen. Hollywood big shots lined up all the way to the Hills to have a diet soda with me, but I wasn't gonna let them fuck me! No, sir!" Graham flashed his middle finger to the erstwhile line of big shots. "Feel free to fuck yourselves, you bunch of Weinsteins!"

Graham rocked back and forth, Hasidim-like, as he ranted, his bald crown reddening patchily like a lava lamp. Bega seemed to enjoy the rant, as he abandoned the Bic mastication for a hearty laugh. Meanwhile, Joshua rolled out of the beanbag to stand up, grimacing in the pain overriding Graham's anti-Semitic insinuations.

"Point is," Graham continued, "you're willing to learn, and that's undoubtedly fucking great. So, Dillon, to be perfectly and productively honest, that's far from the smartest idea I've ever heard. But we're gonna work on it all day long and we're gonna make it good."

Dillon wrote something down, then turned the page to write some more. Joshua finally pulled down his pants to release his balls, in the process of which his navel-eye blinked at everyone from a tuft of hair.

"What in hell are you doing?" Graham asked.

"Inadvertent self-wedgie," Joshua explained.

Graham slapped his hands, startling Dillon. "Do you hear that, Dillon? Inadvertent self-wedgie! Write that down! That's what you want your characters to say, not some anodyne bullshit about corporate greed."

The pleasure of unclasping his balls was compounded by Graham's praise, so Joshua felt entitled to make Dillon scoot over and sat down on the futon. He examined the night outside: the sparkle of the ball game all over Wrigleyville; the lit L train struggling along the Sheridan curve; the Lake Shore skyscrapers on the horizon; the endless darkness beyond. Bega shook his hair over the desk, as if trying to get something out of it. Could it be lice?

Joshua had been in Screenwriting I with Bega; they'd never talked much beyond exchanging remarks on their inchoate scripts. Bega would always project mean superiority while mocking the inane plots in the pages of other workshoppers. His plots would not be much better, but he'd protect himself by withholding their resolutions, claiming he wanted to keep them all involved.

"Is there such a thing as an advertent self-wedgie?" Dillon asked.

"There are all kinds of wedgies. Let a thousand flowers bloom," Graham said. "What happens next?"

Dillon consulted his notebook. There was no writing in its pages, Joshua noticed, only doodled arabesques.

"They're like in the desert," Dillon said, "and there are like all these things. He like stops by the fear booth and these like guys ask him what his fears are and he says, it's like sharks and waves, and these like guys come out dressed as his worst fears and like follow him around. And then he takes shrooms with the goth girl, and they go on the most fantastic trip of their like life, and then he decides not to go on to LA for the job and like live with the goth girl in the desert community."

Graham watched him intently, conceptualizing the fear booth and the guys dressed as sharks and waves. "That's gonna cost a lot of money," he said.

Evidently, money had never crossed Dillon's mind—he wrote money in an empty space left between the arabesques, then underlined it twice.

"Fact: you need no money to write a script, but you need oodles to make a movie. Fact: you will have to beg for money, part of the job." Graham began rocking again. "And the Weinsteins will unleash their twenty-two-year-old dipshit suckerfish to skim your life's work in one lazy afternoon. Then they'll throw at you the piddly coin they spend monthly on their chest depilation and expect you to work with that. You need to know you're nothing to them! You're a zero! Absolute fucking nothing! Zero!"

Bega laughed again—Graham's hatred of the Weinsteins seemed to amuse him to no end. Joshua's chest constricted with a gasp of guilt—he should counter the slight but couldn't. Dillon blinked in what must have been panic at the blotches floating across the expanses of Graham's cranium. He then returned to the safety of doodling: At phenomenal speed he was now turning spirals into tornadoes, which in the upper half of the page biblically connected with darkness. On the opposite, tornado-free page, there was a scene featuring stick people with speech bubbles over their O-heads, one of them grasping an oval surfboard with his stick hand. Zombie Wars, Joshua thought. Where do we go from nowhere?

"The good news is that if you could get a hunky male star to be the surfer dude you might be able to find some dough," Graham said, having steadied himself. "Maybe that, what's his name, Hartnett?"

"I think you should make this dude more of real person," Bega said. It was surprising to hear him talk—he'd been laughing on the fringes all night. "He should be normal, little bit of philosopher, maybe loser. Like Josh here."

In Screenwriting I, Bega had wittily and deservedly, Joshua thought, picked on a Peruvian whose drafts had featured Inca gods fighting sea monsters. This time Joshua said: "Me? How did I come into this?"

From a distance, they all examined Joshua, the survivor of an inadvertent self-wedgie: the body of a lightweight wrestler who'd quit wrestling after middle school; the droopy eyes that, in a more flattering light, could appear contemplatively sorrowful; the slight overbite that often made him look unduly perplexed.

"To be perfectly honest, finding hunkiness in Joshua is a challenge," Graham said. "I'm just kidding."

Dillon laughed, relieved that Graham was off his back, and embarked upon drawing houses with smoke-spewing chimneys. Crematoria? Was it a subliminal—or, fuck it, liminal—way for Dillon to align himself with Graham's latent anti-Semitism? Even before the crematoria tableau, Joshua firmly believed that Dillon's chubbiness was born of devotion to obscure 90s bands, which required a uniform: flannel shirt, Costello glasses, expensive trucker hat. And who comes from LA to take screenwriting workshops in Chicago? He probably came here to like live for free with his grandmother, Mrs. Alzheimer, née Loaded.

"Now that he brought your ass up, Josh," Graham says, "whaddya got? Fresh, stunning work? A roller-coaster ride of violence and sex?"

Bega leaned forward to hear Joshua, his eyebrows' grays now shimmering under the desk light.

"I don't think I have pages. But I do think I have a new idea," Joshua said. "The working title is Zombie Wars."

"What happened to DJ Spinoza?" Graham asked.

"I need to figure some things out. I can't hear the music yet."

"And what about your teacher superhero?"

"He can wait his turn," Joshua said. "The world is full of superheroes."

"Sure it is," Graham said, "as it's just about to run out of zombies."

Dillon snickered. Joshua imagined smacking him with the back of his hand. That boy could be a tasty snack for a zombie. Bega nodded, as though approving of Joshua's vision.

"OK," Graham said, with exaggerated patience, "let's pretend you don't change your mind every week. Let's pretend we don't give a flying fuck. OK. What matters is how good in the room you are. So: pitch me the damn thing! I'm your fat Weinstein. Make me fall in love with you and your story! Sell me Zombie Wars! I got what you need! I got no brains, but I got oodles of money!"

Joshua inhaled. He imagined a fat Weinstein behind an intimidating desk, glowering at him; he also considered getting up and leaving, never to see Graham or endure his knee-jerk bigotry, never to write another line of dialogue. There was a solid case to be made for a screenwriting career entirely organized around avoiding the Weinsteins as well as for a life arranged around the absence of hope and ambition. But Bega was looking at Joshua as though burning to hear what he had to say, and Joshua exhaled. Anything whatever can be the accidental cause of hope or fear.

"OK. OK: The American government has a secret program to turn immigrants into slaves," he improvised. "The government creates a virus to turn them into zombies who work in factories, chained to the production line."

Now they all watched him with apparent interest. Dillon stopped doodling; the blotches on Graham's forehead merged into a solid vermilion field; Bega nodded at Joshua again, approving of the immigrant aspect. It was difficult to make stuff up in the limelight of their attention, but he'd leapt up and now had no choice but to fall.

"Things go wrong," Joshua said. "Things go terribly wrong."

"They would," Graham said.

"And virus spreads?" Bega asked. "Not just immigrants are infected?"

"Yeah," Joshua said. "The virus definitely spreads. Anybody can get infected."

"Who's gonna stay alive?" Graham asked. "Any ladies?"

"Not sure," Joshua said. "Probably. Some will pop up as I work on it."

"The virus spreads, then what?" Dillon asked. He'd stopped doodling.

"Well," Joshua said, slowly, to bide his time. "Well, the government sends out the military. To wipe them all out. The army guys just shoot them in the head and blow them up and have fun. It would be a bloodbath, if zombies actually bled. But there are so many undead immigrants that soldiers turn into zombies too, and they start killing everybody, not just foreigners. Things get crazy, killers and zombies everywhere, chaos, no one to trust, nowhere to go. It's a nightmare."

It all just came out, without effort or thinking. It felt like lying, only better, because he couldn't be caught, and he couldn't be caught because there was nothing to verify it against. Immersed in the flow of bullshit, they had no reason, or time, not to believe him.

"But there is an army doctor, Major Klopstock, who believes he can beat the virus. Major Klopstock works on a vaccine..."

"Wait a minute," Graham said. "What kind of a name is that? Major Klopstock? Are you kidding me? Might as well call him Major Crapshit."

"I actually like Klopstock," Joshua said. "Klopstock could be a main hero, why not?"

"Do you really think Bruce Willis would agree to be named Klopstock? You could never pay him enough for that. Think of something else."

This was a chance for Joshua to confront Graham and defend Major Klopstock's implied Jewishness. On the other hand, the character was not quite alive yet, nor was Joshua married to the name; and strictly speaking, Graham hadn't actually mentioned his Jewishness. This was neither the time nor the place.

"OK: Major Something Else gives the vaccine to himself," Joshua went on. "At first we don't know if he'll make it, or become a kind of zombie himself."

"And then what?" Dillon said.

"And then struggle ensues," Joshua said. "That's what the story is about. The major's struggle."

"Struggle is good. Outside the name problem, it's a start," Graham said. "Maybe the army can also fight some, like, terrorist zombies, blowing themselves up like crazy. It's a good time to be thinking about all that, given that we're just about to tear a new hole in the ass of Iraq."

"I didn't actually think of that," Joshua said.

"It could be fun, believe me. We unleash the zombie army at the camelfuckers and then it all flies off the handle and our undead boys come back to feed on our flesh. I think that's pretty fucking good. Don't you think it's good? Let me pat myself on the back!"

Graham patted himself on the back.

"I don't know," Joshua said. "I don't want it to be too political."

"Why not?" Bega offered. "Look at situation now. Muslim enemies everywhere, every movie, everything on television, everybody happy to invade. Everything is political. Everybody is political."

"Hey, they took our towers down," Graham said. "Revenge is a dish best served with carpet bombing."

"Saddam had nothing to do with towers," Bega said. "No connection."

"People say we did it ourselves," Dillon said, "so that we could like attack Iraq and take their like oil."

The red patch flared up on Graham's forehead, but then he chose to say nothing and the blotch disintegrated.

"I'd love to bullshit for a living, my friends," he said instead, "but right now you're paying me oodles to help you with your screenwriting. You got ten minutes, Vega, if you want to talk about your stuff."

"I'm just saying," Dillon said.

"Bega," Bega said. "I am Bega. As I was before." "Whatever. Vega. Bega. You can call yourself Klopstock for all I care. Let a thousand flowers bloom," Graham said. "Whaddya got? Pages?"

"No pages. Pages I have when I know everything."

Bega rubbed his face vigorously with both hands and then scratched his skull, ruffling his hair, possibly releasing some lice. He grinned as if experiencing a spasm. Something was always happening on his face, some flow of tricky mental states ever visible.

"It's basically love story," Bega said. "Man is from Sarajevo. He was happy there. He was young, he had rock group, had women. War came. He is refugee now. He goes to Germany. They are Nazis there. He works like security in disco, plays his guitar only for his soul. He drinks, remembers Sarajevo, writes blues songs. Comes 1997, Nazis throw him out. He goes back to Sarajevo, but nothing is same. Heartbreak."

"Yeah, yeah... We heard that the last time. Got something beyond that?"

"Can I smoke?" Bega asked.

"Can you smoke? Can you smoke? Hell no!" Graham said. "With all due respect."

"OK," Bega said, licking his lips. "Man has no more friends in Sarajevo. Half of his group is dead, other half everywhere. Women have husbands. Everybody talks about the war all the time. He says, Fuck it! and goes to America— country of Dylan and Nirvana and best basketball. But he lost his soul. And American women are all feminists—"

"Ain't that the truth," Graham said.

"—and he works in store that sells guitars. One day mother and daughter come in. Mother is pretty but daughter is fantastic. He plays a beautiful song for them from Sarajevo. Daughter falls in love with him. It is like in love novels, but mother calls police. He is stalker, she says, because she's jealous."

"How old is the daughter?" Dillon asked.

Bega failed to hear him. At some point his gaze drifted toward the Godfather: Part II poster and he spoke as if pitching his story to Saint Pacino himself.

"But then mother dies from pills for depression. Daughter thinks he killed her. Police thinks it's him too. Newspapers think it's him. He has to prove it's not him. He's just immigrant, but his picture is everywhere. All America hates him. Big problem."

"Is there a killer?" Joshua asked, returning the favor of attention.

"Maybe husband," Bega said. "Maybe not."

"That's pretty good," Graham said. "Immigrant detective, that's pretty cool. Like you are illegal, but you have to go around to figure things out. I would be careful about the detective clichés, though. And also grammar."

"Maybe the daughter can help clear his name," Joshua said. "I'm a little concerned about the ending."

"American movies always have happy ending," Bega said. "Life is tragedy: You're born, you live, you die."

"This could be like a European art-house movie. Which would be good because you could show tits," Graham said, pausing to picture the tits. "Anyway, we gotta go. Next time, I'd like to see some pages. Things change when you have pages. It all becomes real."

"Real is real good," Dillon said.

​The US Military Euthanized or Abandoned Thousands of Their Own Canine Soldiers at the End of the Vietnam War

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All photos courtesy of Rick Claggett

The final years of the Vietnam War were filled with chaos and disappointment. The conflict between the US and Vietcong wouldn't officially end until the infamous fall of Saigon in 1975, but in the spring of 1971 the Nixon administration began pulling troops out of the area, starting a long and messy end to one of America's most unpopular wars.

Through those years, many US soldiers were cycled in and out of the conflict. Some came home in one piece, others in body bags. But there was one group of US veterans who, despite serving bravely and saving countless lives, were either executed or abandoned by the military they served, says former US soldier Rick Claggett. These were the Military Working Dogs of the Vietnam War, who Claggett describes as being considered "surplus equipment" at the war's end. Despite pleas from dog handlers who wanted to take their fellow soldiers home with them, the US military decided to abandon—and likely euthanize—many of the dogs, leaving the rest to the South Vietnamese.

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Like many young men of his time, Claggett was drafted into the Army in 1970. Being more of a cat person, the only reason he enlisted in a program for dog handlers was for the extra six months of training in the States—he thought that might be long enough to wait out the war's end. But when he was inevitably shipped out, Claggett ended up forming a close relationship with his scout dog, Big Boy, who he says he still thinks about to this day, nearly 44 years later.

Claggett went on to work for the Environmental Protection Agency for 33 years, and is now retired, living in Denver, Colorado. He joined the Vietnam Dog Handlers Association, giving lectures to various groups on his experiences as a dog handler during the war. Claggett spoke to VICE about what it was like to form a personal relationship with his dog, how Big Boy helped him cope with the stress of war, and why he will never forget having to leave him behind.

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VICE: What role did the dogs play in Vietnam, and which breeds were used for which jobs?
Rick Claggett: Labrador retrievers were used for only one job: Following blood trails. So if contact was made with the enemy and they were wounded, then they call in a Lab team—which was the dog and the handler. They used Labs because they're silent trackers. You don't want a Bloodhound or a Beagle, which have an equally strong nose, but make a lot of noise when it's on track. We also trained Labs to alert us of a human ambush or a mechanical ambush.

German Shepherds did everything else, like mine and tunnel. If there was a small Shepherd, they might try to train him to go down into a tunnel. If he was an aggressive dog, he might be put as a sentry dog.

Then there were water patrol dogs. They would put a dog in front of a small boat, and move around the area, because the dog could pick up the scent of somebody swimming underneath the water and breathing through a hollow reed, which humans couldn't detect. There were drug enforcement dogs. And scout dogs, which was what I had in Vietnam. A scout dog's job is to lead a patrol on the field. They're the ones trained to smell out human ambushes and mechanical ambushes.

[As a Scout dog handler] you're the first person in the patrol, and you're pretty vulnerable. Behind snipers and helicopter pilots, dog handlers had the third highest mortality rate.

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If the handlers had such high mortality rates in the field, how effective were these dogs at sniffing out ambushes?
They might alert you to a human ambush, but you're out in the open and the enemy knows that they've been detected, so they open up and kill the dogs and the handlers. Four hundred handlers were killed in Vietnam.

I've heard people say that there would be 10,000 more names on that wall in Washington DC if there were no dog soldiers in Vietnam. That's somebody's estimate about how many lives they saved. As far as the dogs' mortality, there were about 4,000 dogs that served in Vietnam over the course of the war, and about a thousand of those dogs were killed, either from direct gunfire, booby-traps, heat-stroke, snake-bite, disease, accidents, old age... a myriad of causes. [Editor's note: As these dogs' deaths went largely undocumented, VICE was unable to corroborate exact numbers with the US Military, though one technical sergeant stated that the facts "sounded correct."]

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Were the dogs viewed as just another tool, like a gun or a radio? I imagine you would have to bond with the dog to some degree to have a working relationship.
You have to bond with the dog tremendously. My dog was named Big Boy, and he'd been there for four years. He'd been through several handlers already, so he knew what he was doing. I was the green one. I spent about two weeks with him just bonding, just building up a relationship, so he wants to work with you and you want to work with him.

They weren't a piece of equipment to us. I think I can speak for around 95 percent of the dog handlers that I have talked with since the war, and everybody said, "I loved that dog." It wasn't a piece of equipment like a gun or something like that. It was a living, breathing thing that had emotions and played and did all kinds of dog things. You just fall in love with that dog, and that certainly was the case with my dog, Big Boy.

I was fortunate that not only was he experienced, but he was very friendly. Some guys had aggressive dogs and couldn't take them around like I could. I would take Big Boy with me almost every place I went. And I didn't even have to have him tied up [on a leash], because he would just follow along with me. He was so well-trained. I would go into a club to have a couple of beers, and he would lie down on the floor beside me. It's a wonderful feeling knowing that he has your back.

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Was it dangerous even outside of the battlefield?
Yes. There were potential conflicts with South Vietnamese, but there was a lot of racial tension amongst the US soldiers. That's an unfortunate aspect of it, especially with the infantry guys. You're out in the field, your life's on the line, and then you come back and want to get drunk, blow off steam—some of the guys did drugs—and there would be fights between blacks and whites in the rear. But I tell ya, nobody messed with dog handlers, because we had our dogs with us all of the time. People gave us a lot of space.

RELATED: It's Like Vietnam All Over Again


How long did you serve in Vietnam?
Just under eight months. A normal tour is a year, but the reason mine was shortened was primarily because our unit was standing down, and they didn't need more dog handlers. This was in March of 1972. I had put in for an early-out to go back to graduate school. So between those two things, I got my tour cut short, which I was thrilled about. The only negative was that I couldn't bring my dog home.

He wasn't going to be used anymore, and there's no good reason on God's green Earth that we could not have brought our dogs back. We would've paid for them ourselves. I was just an E-4, so I didn't make much money. But I sure would've paid for his flight back, and let him live the rest of his life with me. Because he was only seven years old, so presumably he was only through with half of his life. And yet, he was turned over to the South Vietnamese, who didn't work with us and had no idea how to use these dogs. Cultural issues being what they were, the Vietnamese eat dogs.

We're sure that's what happened to our dogs that were turned over to the South Vietnamese. That still bothers me greatly to this day. They sacrificed their lives to save ours.

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What was the process like to try and bring your dog home?
We made some phone calls while we were over there trying to convince people, saying, "Hey, let us pay for our dogs to come back!" The problem was we didn't have much time to negotiate this, and we didn't want to jeopardize our going home, we wanted to get the hell out of there as quickly as we could. And once we started pushing this, some people came back and said, "If you guys keep jacking around with this thing, you're gonna be staying here." I don't know how much of a hollow threat that was, but it was enough that some of us backed off.

So it was a set in stone policy of the US military to not bring military dogs home?
Yep. Ironically, we had some 40,000 dogs that served in World War II, and all the dogs that were physically able at the end of the war [came home]. Korea, same deal: [The dogs] came home.

There were some concerns that [the dogs] would pick up diseases; but there was nothing that they could pick up that couldn't be treated. Some people were saying, "These are war dogs! Are they gonna go back to a family situation and freak out when kids start wrestling with them and attack the kids?" No. They can distinguish between war and a home situation. Somebody in Vietnam made the decision that dogs were surplus equipment, and as surplus equipment, they were expendable at war's end. Just like the choppers that we pushed off the aircraft carriers in the South China Sea.

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I understand that of the three thousand "surplus" dogs at the end of the war, some were given over to the South Vietnamese, and others were euthanized by the US government. Do you know how many fall into each camp?
No, I never heard statistics on that. My guess is 50/50, but I don't know. I have talked to vet-techs in Vietnam since returning home, who say the toughest thing they ever had to do in their life was stick that needle into a healthy dog, who did nothing more than try to save our lives and protect us.

Do you think any of the dogs that were abandoned made it to good homes?
No. I doubt it. Maybe a handful of them were "adopted" by a Vietnamese family, but that would be rare. I think they ate them. I don't think they had any particular affection for these dogs at all, even though these dogs were saving their lives, too. There was an intimidation factor, because these dogs were so big. Even when we were in the field with South Vietnamese, they stayed away from us, they didn't want anything to do with these dogs.

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Has the method of working with dogs in the field changed since Vietnam?
Oh, yes. When I was in training in 1971, they told me "These aren't pets! You don't play with these dogs!" Well, that's bunk, because we did play with our dogs. We didn't throw balls and things that they could fetch, because if you were out in the field and threw a hand grenade, you don't want the dog bringing it back to you. We didn't have any toys for them. Now they've got little chewy toys and stuff like that, and any dog owner knows how much they love these toys. So, they now officially have playtime.

And now they wear flak jackets [body armor]. We never had flak jackets on our dogs, because I guess they assumed the dogs weren't coming home anyway, so if they get killed they get killed. Now they have these flak jackets to protect them, because most of the dogs that get killed die of chest wounds.

They also have a camera on the dogs' harness now. So a handler can send that dog into a house, watch what he's doing on a TV, and communicate to the dog with instructions through a microphone, telling him to go left, right, straight, stay, or sit. The dogs are obedient. They'll follow instructions, and the camera moves around, letting the handler see what's going on in the house. So that keeps the handler out of harm's way in case the dog runs into something in the house. It's really cool.

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Was Big Boy on your mind often when you were back home?
Yeah. There was certainly trauma for me, leaving my dog there. But it was probably overmatched by the fact that I was happy as heck to be out of Vietnam and out of harm's way, to not be shot at anymore. But yes, I felt horrible for that dog.

I made some calls to Congressman, and wrote some letters. The problem in Vietnam was that nobody knew that these dogs were left there. Because the only people who knew about this were the dog handlers who wanted to take their dogs back and weren't allowed to do so. A lot of us tried to change that, but nothing happened. It took another war for anything to change.

President Clinton signed a bill [in 2000] that said no military dog would be left behind. We'd like to think [the dog handlers] had a role in that, and we probably did have a small role, but I think there was enough of an outcry after people found out what had happened to these dogs that it was a no-brainer. In Iraq and Afghanistan, when those dogs either get too old or get wounded, they're not euthanized. They're put up for adoption by their former handler. That's the way it should've been in Vietnam.

Follow Josiah Hesse on Twitter.

VICE Premiere: VICE Exclusive: Check Out Unsung 80s Post-Punk Heroes the Mothmen with Their New Reissue

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The Mothmen were a short-lived English post-punk band who, despite their quick lifespan, managed to churn out a small but strong batch of visionary music that was way ahead of its time. Their second album, Pay Attention!, released by dub label On-U Sound in 1981, is an angular, jittery pop record, with just enough weirdness to wander into the realm of psychedelia. It saw limited release and, for the most part, the band was forgotten to time. Now, On-U Sound is reissuing Pay Attention! complete with some unreleased bonus tracks, and the band is finally getting the recognition they deserve. Everybody from Liars to Battles to Deerhoof and the Dirty Projectors owe a great debt to the Mothmen's interlocking riffs and rhythms, whether they know it or not. I chatted with two of the band's original members—drummer Chris Joyce and multi-instrumentalist Bob Harding—about their band, why post-punk is stupid, and On-U's reissue, which will be out June 2.

VICE: How did the rediscovery of this album change your perspectives on the music you guys made together?
Chris Joyce: I was always very proud of what the Mothmen did. The music was crazy and self-indulgent, but that was because we were young and didn't give a fuck. We weren't doing it for any sort of commercial success or to be trendy. It came about because of wanting to experiment with the perceived norm.

Bob Harding: A couple of nights ago I listened to the entire album (including the bonus tracks) and I really enjoyed it. Prior to the current reissue project I hadn't thought much about the album in years. With the reissue in the pipeline, a lot of people—especially some a lot younger than me—started saying how much they liked the album. I'd still say it was a bit self-indulgent but I think it had a lot of balls and attitude too... Not to mention a touch of humor as well.

You've all since worked on numerous other projects. How has your creative attitude evolved since you wrote these songs?
The other projects I've worked on have been in management and running a record label which certainly require a bit of creativity but it's not the same as the artistic kind. The Blood and Fire label could certainly have been a bit more of a creative experience for me but that's not the way it panned out and I ended up being the book-keeper basically. Does creative accountancy count?

Joyce: It wasn't long after Pay Attention! was recorded that we, as individuals, needed to earn money either because kids were on the way or rent had to be paid. One is still the same person who did the crazy stuff but also had the skills to do the "straighter" money-earning music. The creative attitude comes from the same well of musical knowledge, it just gets applied in a different way.

Will you try to do any touring or live material?
Harding: Personally speaking, the answer is a definite "No." I know there are people of my age and even older who are still touring but it doesn't really appeal to me. On a personnel level it would be extremely difficult anyway; out of the four original members one is dead and the whereabouts of another currently unknown. That just leaves Chris and me. Our best bet would probably be to train up a bunch of young kids and send them out as the Mothmen to play Pay Attention! live.

How do you feel about the "post-punk" label being retroactively assigned to your music?
Post-punk is one of those catch-all labels which doesn't describe any particular genre but merely references a particular moment in time. In musical terms, "post-punk" could be a lot of things but I think the one strand that pulls them all together would be that punk's DIY ethos continued to be embraced in the post-punk era.

The most obvious manifestation of this was the emergence of hundreds of small independent labels. Some thrived, some fell by the wayside, some like On-U Sound are still going strong. Many new genres have emerged and the digital revolution has totally transformed the landscape but I would say that the continued existence of a vibrant indie scene would be the legacy of the post-punk era.

Joyce: Post-punk seems to be of more importance to people who like labels and journalists who need to have a hat to hang an article on. And also people who weren't there at the time. As far as what can be learned from it... Go and listen to the music, do your own research, educate yourself!

Thanks guys. Glad your album is finally getting the recognition it deserves.


ISIS vs. 3D Printing

Devon Little's Portraits of Toronto's New Music Scene

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[body_image width='1024' height='704' path='images/content-images/2015/05/25/' crop='images/content-images-crops/2015/05/25/' filename='devon-littles-portraits-of-torontos-up-and-coming-musicians-body-image-1432572421.jpg' id='59483']

Nue

We recently met Toronto-based photographer Devon Little while he was assisting one of our favourite photographers on a shoot in the middle of a Markham, Ontario fair ground. We checked out his website and turns out this guy takes some pretty sweet photos as well as being really good at holding a flash. One series that caught our eye was a bunch of polaroids featuring some of the rising stars in Toronto's music scene. Here's what he had to say about them.

Music has always been a consuming passion of mine. I grew up playing instruments, collecting albums and studying different musical sub-cultures. I moved to Toronto from Barrie two years ago to be closer to the music scene. I bounced around between colleges; I briefly studied music production and then decided to try out photography school. I've been casually taking photos since I was about 9 or 10 after my father, an avid amateur, introduced me to his camera gear. Last spring I dropped out of photography school and was dealing with the anxiety of my decision, I didn't know many people in the city and I was living downtown and washing dishes to pay rent. After I left photography school, I had to give myself my own assignments. No one else was going to, no one knew me and I didn't have a lot of photographs that I was proud to show.

I got this polaroid camera shortly after, on my 23rd birthday. I started bringing it to every shoot. Most of my inspiration comes from the Toronto music scene. Sean Leon was the first artist that got me really excited about music in Toronto. He immediately struck me as a polarizing young artist and I was eager to document his star in the making. I reached out to him to arrange a photo shoot and I brought my polaroid camera. I soon became aware of even more young artists making waves in the city such as bizZarh, Harrison, Keita Juma and Clairmont The Second. I didn't see anyone else really taking photos of all these artists so I took upon myself and reached out to any artist that I thought was interesting. I had my polaroid camera with me on every shoot, I always shoot a mix of digital and polaroids. The polaroids have such a timeless aesthetic though, and they're almost like trading cards. My work eventually caught the eye of Ben Cook from Fucked Up and he gave me the opportunity to shoot for his Young Guv project and Toronto Hardcore OG's, No Warning. Travi$ Scott and Wiki from Ratking even let me take their photo. I'm not from Toronto, so I had no real network in the city. All of these portraits are the result of me reaching out and introducing myself to any artist or musician that I thought was cool and asking to take their photo.

If you're in Toronto, make sure to grab a copy of his Selected Portraits at Working Title.

VICE Canada Reports: VICE Canada Reports: No Pipelines

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With Bill C-51 still awaiting approval in the Senate, the so-called anti-terror bill has managed to remain controversial. The bill, which will give agencies like CSIS sweeping new powers to combat terrorist "threats," has been criticized for being so broad that anyone deemed a threat to critical infrastructure, territorial integrity, or the economic stability of Canada could become a target.

This directly affects the Unist'ot'en Clan, who have maintained a roadblock deep within their unceded traditional territories in British Columbia, to keep out oil and gas pipelines. VICE producer Stephanie Brown gained access to the camp to talk to the founders and supporters about their plight, and to find out how they think Bill C-51 affects them.

Why Is Brooklyn Barbecue Taking Over the World?

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Why Is Brooklyn Barbecue Taking Over the World?

The First British Cop Has Been Sentenced for Violence Against a Student Protester

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[body_image width='1200' height='797' path='images/content-images/2015/05/22/' crop='images/content-images-crops/2015/05/22/' filename='pc-andrew-ott-conviction-235-body-image-1432316313.jpg' id='59035']

Police horses vs. student protesters on the 9th December 2010 (Photo by Henry Langston)

This post originally appeared on VICE UK.

Last Wednesday, PC Andrew Ott, a police evidence gatherer, was sentenced to eight months in prison for Actual Bodily Harm against student protester Will Horner. For all the rampaging, horse-charging, baton-flailing police brutality meted out at all of the late-2010 UK student protests, this is the first and so far only time a police officer has been convicted for any offenses.

The typical narrative of the demonstration on the 9th of December, the evening of the parliamentary vote to triple the cap on tuition fees, concentrates on violence from protesters. It was protesters who provoked a kettle in Parliament Square. It was protesters who attacked police with missiles, and it was protesters who attacked the treasury building.

As an evidence gatherer on that day, it was PC Ott's role to prove some of this criminal behavior. He was equipped with a recording device to log just this kind of protester violence. But a small electrical fault, that led him to believe it was inoperable when in actuality it was working just fine, meant that he inadvertently gathered the "wrong" kind of evidence—which you can listen to here—the sort that said less about protester violence and much more about police brutality.

I've had enough of these cunts, I just fucking hit him.

A jury at Southwark Crown Court found Ott guilty after hearing the audio evidence. He is heard saying after knocking out Horner's tooth, "not me mate, you slipped on the metal fence." It had actually been Ott's riot shield that caused the injury, he later admitted. His own recording device also picks up such telling nuggets as: "I've had enough of these cunts, I just fucking hit him"; "I wanna kill this little lot here, mate. If that fence goes, I'm going to f****** batter them"; and "I've clouted a few as well, just to get a bit of justice." Y'know – standard riot-cop banter.

There has been little justice for protesters caught in that kettle in the winter of 2010. Anyone who was there can attest to the utter relentlessness of brutality, sustained for many hours. It all culminated in a crush of protesters on Westminster Bridge. At the end of the audio linked above you can hear people screaming that they fear they might die.

Alfie Meadows, who was then a 20-year-old student very nearly did die after a police baton strike to the head required him to have lifesaving brain surgery. They then later charged him with violent disorder, of which is he was acquitted after nearly three years.

Other protesting students weren't so lucky, going to prison for lengthy jail terms after being charged with "violent disorder." Many of these crimes were against property, such as the smashed windows of Milbank Tower. Their sentences were much heavier than that PC Ott now faces.

The audio evidence that meant Ott was prosecuted gives a snapshot of his violent approach toward policing, but he appears not to have been the only one. Often he was speaking to other cops when he made threats and this kind of chat didn't seem to attract any negative reaction.

In fact, a whole section of the recording details how other police saw Will Horner as having done nothing wrong and Ott then proceeding to coax some kind of excuse for arrest out of them in order to account for his violent use of force. Some of the other officers oblige, one saying, "I forgot to tell you what happened, as he has jumped over there he has said: 'I'm going to fucking smash up that building.'" Ott replied: "Perfect."

And why wouldn't they? They had spent the day repressing the protest. To them Will Horner was no different to the other demonstrators.

Given the scale of cracked skulls, broken bones, and bruising after being subjected to horse charges, baton charges, and crushing kettling, it is hard to pretend Ott is an exception. He was just stupid enough to get himself caught. Ott's actions and words were vile, but they happened within a context that saw public order policing having to happen this way.

With this in mind it is hard to feel much more than ambivalence toward his custodial sentence. Sure he acted heinously, but the reality is that the whole damn system acted heinously and continues to do so. The worry is that this individual conviction will be used to absolve the police more widely—used to show that the police are in fact accountable. Another possibility is that this conviction can pierce the myth of violent-protestor/victim-cop. Perhaps it will allow us to look with fresh eyes at how this summer's protests are policed and to convince others that police are not infallible.

@WailQ

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