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How Boxing Taught Me to Survive

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[body_image width='1500' height='855' path='images/content-images/2015/02/05/' crop='images/content-images-crops/2015/02/05/' filename='boxing-taught-me-how-to-survive-204-body-image-1423161127.jpg' id='24964']

Illustrations by Christopher Kindred

A carefully placed jab is the best way to knock someone out when they're wearing headgear. If I punched the exposed area of my opponent's face—the eyes, nose, and mouth just below the surface of the protective material—he would drop. I could do this with a jab, the straightest, most direct of all the punches.

I was boxing against Kurt, a senior at my high school. I was a junior, and Kurt was dating Danielle, also a junior, who I had a crush on and whose locker was next to mine. Or maybe I had a crush on because her locker was next to mine—proximity always seemed key to young romance.

I didn't know Kurt boxed until our training sessions, with a 70-year-old former middleweight named Marty, happened to overlap. (I called them "training sessions" but I wasn't training for anything, though Marty occasionally used "bar fights" as hypothetical fighting scenarios. I was 16.) I was surprised to see him at the boxing gym, only because it seemed like such a cliché that I would see him at the boxing gym, as if we were in an episode of Saved by the Bell.

Before I could decide what to do, which would have been nothing, Kurt paused hitting the speed bag to ask if I wanted to spar. It wasn't done with animosity or intimidation—it felt like an acknowledgement that we were both there, and it might be a cool thing to do, even though we didn't know each other well. I played JV soccer when he was varsity, and he probably recognized my face from talking to Danielle by her locker each morning, his back against the wall, one foot up—a jock cliché—as I pretended not to listen to them discuss whose house would be more "chill" to go to after school.

Kurt and I put on headgear, stepped into the ring, and set the three-minute timer that would signify the beginning and end of each round. As we traded soft punches and blocks, I wondered what would happen if I knocked him out. How would he face Danielle the next day? What if he couldn't? How sweet would my brief morning exchange with Danielle be if I casually mentioned that I knocked out Kurt the night before, and that's why he wouldn't be in school that day, or the next day, or maybe ever again?

"I heard he might not make it," I'd say, and walk away before providing further explanation, only to give her a quick look over my shoulder, implying, I'm here for you, babe.

The scenario played in my head, so I activated my "headgear knockout strategy"—carefully placed jabs to the unprotected area of Kurt's face. Right jab and block, right jab and block. The strategy worked—sort of. I wasn't getting closer to knocking Kurt out, but I was grating on him. His skin turned red, irritated by the pressure of my glove. His breathing intensified into huffs, and then snarls.

My right jabs were getting repetitive, so I changed my pattern and tried a left jab—my weaker, slower punch, leaving my left side open. Kurt juked right, and heaved a forceful blow at the side of my head.

I heard a crack, and then dropped.[body_image width='1500' height='855' path='images/content-images/2015/02/05/' crop='images/content-images-crops/2015/02/05/' filename='boxing-taught-me-how-to-survive-204-body-image-1423158342.jpg' id='24945']

My first exposure to boxing was about eight years earlier: Mike Tyson's Punch-Out!! for Nintendo. You played as Little Mac, a 17-year-old, 107-pound, hugely underqualified boxer from the Bronx. There were 14 characters to fight, including Pistol Honda, Mr. Sandman, and the game's boss, Mike Tyson. I made it to Tyson a few times, but never beat him. I didn't know anyone who did or saw anyone who did until there was YouTube.

I boxed for the first time at overnight camp when I was 14. It wasn't an officially offered activity, probably for liability reasons, but when I saw the camp owner's son Evan hitting the heavy bag in the gym, I asked if he would teach me. At this point, I knew Punch-Out and Rocky, but I didn't know how to throw a punch, or how to receive one.

Evan and I sparred every day after lunch. Sometimes a crowd of campers eating popsicles would gather to watch. The attention made us hit harder. Neither of us were experienced boxers, but no one in the crowd knew enough to notice our clumsy form. They were enamored by the swinging fists and flying beads of sweat. When the timer rang to end the round, we'd walk to our imaginary corners and guzzle bug juice.

I suspect my interest in boxing, and the campers' enthusiasm in watching Evan and I box, had something to do with defying expectations. Rocky was a tank, as were the top boxers at the time—Bernard Hopkins, Floyd Mayweather, Jr., Oscar De La Hoya. I wasn't built like them. I wasn't even built like their featherweight counterparts, and neither was Evan. We were scrappy, over-privileged, over-parented Jewish kids from the Philly suburbs. What were we doing in the ring?

I remember a moment at synagogue the following school year, during a Jewish holiday, when the rabbi explored athletics as part of his sermon. He asked a question to the congregation:

"Which professional sport has the most Jews?"

Hands were raised. Golf? Tennis?

I knew what sport I connected with, so I raised my hand. The rabbi called on me.

"Boxing."

If religion brings people together, then I unified them, because the congregation roared into laughter.

I looked around, confused as to why my answer had turned the synagogue into a comedy club.

The elderly Jewish man sitting next to me must have sympathized. He nudged my shoulder and whispered, "Most boxers are black."

Once everyone settled, the rabbi revealed the right answer. It was fencing.

I'd go on to learn that my answer wasn't as ridiculous as the congregation's laughter made it sound. Over ribeyes at Sullivan's Steakhouse—named after bare-knuckle boxer John L. Sullivan—my grandfather educated me on the history of Jewish boxers. There was Benny Leonard and Barney Ross (the latter the name of Stallone's character in The Expendables), both of whom were world champions, Ted "Kid" Lewis, Abe Attel, Maxie Rosenbloom, and many others.

Between the years of 1910 and 1940, 26 world champions were Jewish. In 1928, Jews were the dominant nationality in pro boxing, followed by the Italians and the Irish. The Jews' prominence in boxing wasn't necessarily because Jews liked to box, or because they were especially talented at the sport, but because, like bootlegging and racketeering, it was one of the few career options they had.

My grandfather was also a boxer. When he attended the Citizens' Military Training Camp, a military training program held in the summers between 1921 and 1940, he tried out for the boxing team. He made the team in his weight class, although was cut after getting knocked out in his first match.

After World War II ended and the GI Bill of Rights was instituted, most Jews left boxing for more entrepreneurial enterprises. By 1950 there were only a few Jewish boxers, and the numbers have declined since.

[body_image width='1500' height='855' path='images/content-images/2015/02/05/' crop='images/content-images-crops/2015/02/05/' filename='boxing-taught-me-how-to-survive-204-body-image-1423161140.jpg' id='24965']

Marty's boxing gym was in the back of a sports arena, between two noisy ice hockey rinks. The setup was simple: boxing ring, heavy bag, speed bag, bench press. Marty had three sons, all Philly boxers, who had outgrown their dad as a trainer. He always wore the same outfit: tight-fitting black jeans tucked in black T-shirt with a slight pouch and sneakers. His sneakers matched his silver hair, which was balding on top and slicked on the sides, maintained with the comb he kept in his back pocket. He wore a gold chain tucked under in his shirt. His last name was Feldman, so I assumed on the chain was a Jewish star.

My training sessions began with a warm-up. Three rounds of jumprope, which I got good at. I could whip the rope fast and cross my arms while barely lifting my feet. Three rounds of sit ups while Marty gripped my ankles with his callused hands, his Brut aftershave infiltrating my nostrils with each rep. Finally, three rounds of pushups.

"You can do the regular kind or you can do the girl kind," Marty would offer.

The "girl kind" was when you did a pushup with your knees on the floor, so you're pushing up less of your body weight. I did the regular kind.

After warm-ups and hitting the bags, Marty and I would step into the ring. He'd hold the pads and I'd wear the gloves. I knew I delivered the perfect punch when my glove made a clean snap. It's the equivalent of the swish when you shoot a perfect jumper in basketball. Marty would voice his approval when my punches connected. "There it is!" "Boom!" "Knock out!"

One time, my mom came to pick me up from a training session 15 minutes early and had the chance to watch. In the car on the way home, she asked about what she just saw.

"So, do you just punch the whole time?"

The answer was yes, but it was so much more than that.

Boxing made me feel alive. I didn't need to ask my dad to explain the rules and exceptions to the rules, like I did with football and baseball. It was obvious: hit or be hit, or protect yourself long enough that you tire your opponent out. Boxing is controlled survival. Literally, it's a form of life or death.

Still, it's fair to say that my stint as a boxer up until this point was a joke, or at least an extended period of failure. I never beat Mike Tyson in Punch-Out. I got laughed at by the congregation of my synagogue for suggesting that Jews could box. I thought I could nab Danielle from Kurt by jabbing the unprotected area of his headgear. Most of all, I desperately wanted to be Rocky, but I was never anything more than Little Mac.

That's why lying on the floor of the ring after Kurt knocked me out felt like my first accomplishment in boxing—it was real. I wasn't pretending, not to myself or others. For that moment, I was a fighter.

I don't know if Kurt ever mentioned the knockout to Danielle. I think he saw my incessant jabs as me stepping out of rank, and like a game of Whack-A-Mole, wanted to knock me into place. I never saw Kurt at the boxing gym again, even after he and Danielle broke up. I assumed he quit.

But me—I continued showing up to train with Marty, preparing for my next fight.

Follow Alex J. Mann on Twitter.


The VICE Reader: Read a Story from Alejandro Zambra's Collection, 'My Documents'

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"The Most Chilean Man" is a story from Alejandro Zambra's story collection My Documents (McSweeney's), which comes out tomorrow. Buy it and read it on the train. See what happens. Something must happen. Zambra is one of our favorite writers. He wrote "Thank You," which we published in our November 2013 issue, and has written two novels, Bonsai and Ways of Going Home (FSG). What distinguishes Alejandro from his contemporaries is the sweetness and intimacy of his writing, and his confidence in letting himself be as he is. As you read his work, there's never the impression that he is second-guessing himself, thinking, So-and-so would do it this way, or Such-and-such editor would say that. He exhibits this remarkable confidence on the page, one that allows him to be himself and to speak, a special kind of generosity. It feels like knowing and talking to a sweetheart—it never feels like he's an author who pretends, or tries to teach, or falls into egotistical traps.

-Amie Barrodale

[body_image width='1000' height='1426' path='images/content-images/2015/02/09/' crop='images/content-images-crops/2015/02/09/' filename='read-an-excerpt-from-alejandro-zambras-the-most-chilean-man-in-the-world-815-body-image-1423513874.png' id='25838']

In mid-2011 she received a grant from the Chilean government and set off for Leuven to start a doctoral program. He was teaching at a private high school in Santiago, but he wanted to go with her and live some version of "forever;" after talking it over, though, at the end of a sad night when they had very bad sex, they decided it was better to separate.

During the first months, it was hard to tell if Elisa really missed him, even though she sent him all kinds of signals that he thought he interpreted correctly: he was sure that those long emails and the erratic and flirtatious messages on his Facebook wall and, above all, those unforgettable afternoon-nights (afternoons for him, nights for her) of virtual sex via Skype could only be interpreted one way. The natural thing would have been to go on like that for a while and then gradually cool off, forget each other, and maybe, in the best of cases, run into each other again after some time, maybe many years later, their bodies bearing the weight of other failures, this time ready to give it their all. But an executive at Banco Santander, at the Pedro Aguirre Cerda branch, offered Rodrigo a checking account and credit card, and suddenly he found himself passing from one screen to another, checking boxes that said "yes" and "I agree," entering the codes B4, C9, and F8, and that was how he found himself, at the start of January, without telling anyone—without telling her—on his way to Belgium.

There was no connecting thread, no constant in his thoughts during the nearly twenty-four hours he spent traveling. On the flight to Paris, he was struck by the amount of turbulence, but since he hadn't flown much—or never any significant distance, at least—he was, in a way, grateful for the feeling of adventure. He never really felt afraid, and he even imagined himself saying—sounding so sophisticated—that the flight "had been a little rough." He had a couple of books in his backpack, but it was the first time he'd flown on a plane with so many entertainment options, and he spent hours deciding which movies or TV series he wanted to see, and in the end, he didn't watch anything in its entirety; but he did play, with a degree of skill that surprised him, several rounds of some sort of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire" video game.

While he was walking through Charles de Gaulle to take the train, he had the fairly conventional thought that no, he did not want to be a millionaire, he'd never wanted to be a millionaire.

And that trivial thought led him, who knows how, to a scorned and maligned word, which nevertheless now glittered, or at least shone a little, or was less dark than usual, or was dark and serious and big but didn't embarrass him: maturity. He went on with these thoughts on the train ride from Brussels to Leuven. Inexplicably, using up almost all of the credit on his card to buy a plane ticket to Belgium to visit Elisa struck him as a sign of maturity.

...she was sure of one thing: she didn't want to spend the coming days with Rodrigo, not those days or any others, none.

And what happened in Leuven? The worst. Although sometimes the worst is the best thing that can happen. It must be said that Elisa could have been nicer, a little less cruel. But if she had been nicer, he might not have understood. She didn't want to leave that possibility open. He called her from the station, and Elisa thought it was a joke, but she started walking toward him anyway, talking to him on the phone all the while. Then, she turned a corner and saw him, a hundred steps away, but she didn't tell him she was there and he went right on talking, sitting on his suitcase, half-numb and anxious, looking at the ground and then at the sky with a mixture of confidence and innocence that was repulsive to Elisa—she couldn't put her feelings, her thoughts, in order, but she was sure of one thing: she didn't want to spend the coming days with Rodrigo, not those days or any others, none. And maybe she was still a little in love, and she cared about him, and liked to talk to him, but for him to show up out of nowhere, like in some bad movie, ready to embrace and be embraced, ready to become the star, the hero who crossed the world for love: that was, for Elisa, much more of an affront and a humiliation than a cause for happiness.

As she took long strides back to her house, she felt the constant vibration of her cell phone in her pocket, but she only answered half-an-hour later, already in bed, duly protected: "I'm not going to pick you up," she told him. "I don't want to see you. I have a boyfriend (lie). I live with him. I don't ever want to see you ever again." There were another nine calls, and all nine times she answered and said more or less the same thing, and in the end she told him, to add a little realism to the thing, that her boyfriend was German.

Of course there are other reasons for her reaction, there's another story that runs parallel to this one, one that explains why Elisa didn't ever want to see Rodrigo again: a story that talks about the need for a real change, the need to leave behind her small Chilean world of Catholic school, her desire to seek out other paths—a story that explains why, in the end, it was logical and also healthy to break up with Rodrigo definitively, maybe not like that, maybe it wasn't fair of her to leave him sitting there, eager and numb, but she had to break it off with him. In any case, for now, she is stretched out on her bed, listening to some album that falls some- where on the broad spectrum of alternative music (the latest from Beach House, for example). She feels calm.


Rodrigo tests out a quick and mindless walk around the city. He sees twenty or thirty women who all look more beautiful than Elisa; he wonders why Hans—he decides the German's name is Hans—chose Elisa, who isn't so voluptuous or so dark-skinned, and then he remembers how good she is in bed, and he feels rotten. He goes on walking, but now he sees nothing but a beautiful city full of beautiful people. He thinks what a whore Elisa is, and other things typical of a scorned man. He walks aimlessly, but Leuven is too small a city to walk around aimlessly in, and after a little while, he is back at the station. He stops in front of Fonske: it's practically the only thing Elisa had told him about the city: that there is a fountain with the statue of a boy (or a student or a man) who is looking at the formula for happiness in a book and pouring water (or beer) over his head. The fountain strikes him as strange, even aggressive or grotesque, and he tries to avoid engaging with the irony of a "formula for happiness." He goes on looking at the fountain—which for some reason that day is dry, turned off—while he smokes a cigarette, the first since he 's been off the train, the first on European soil, a pilgrim Belmont cigarette from Chile. And although during all this time he has felt an intense cold, only now does he feel the urgency of the freezing wind on his face and body, as if the cold was really trying to work its way into his bones. He opens his suitcase, finds a pair of loose-fitting pants and puts them on over the ones he is wearing, along with another shirt, an extra pair of socks, and a knit cap (he doesn't have gloves). For a moment, carried along by rage and a sense of drama, he thinks that he is going to die of cold, literally. And that this is ironic, because Elisa had always been the cold-blooded one, the most cold-blooded girlfriend he 'd ever had, the most cold-blooded woman he 'd ever met: even during the summer, at night, she used to wear jackets and shawls and sleep with a hot water bottle.

Sitting near the station, in front of a small waffle shop, he remembers the joke about the most cold-blooded man in the world, the only joke his father ever used to tell. He remembers his father beside the bonfire, on the wide open beach at Pelluhue, many years ago: he was a distant and taciturn man, but when he told that joke, he became another person, every sentence coming out of his mouth as though spurred by some mysterious mechanism, and upon seeing him like that—wisely setting up his audience, preparing for the imminent peals of laughter—one might think that he was a funny and clever man, maybe a specialist in telling these types of long jokes, which can be told so many different ways, because the important thing isn't the punch line but, rather, the flair of the teller, his feeling for detail, his ability to fill the air with digressions without losing the audience 's interest. The joke started in Punta Arenas, with a baby crying from cold and his parents desperately wrapping him up in blankets of wool from Chiloe. Then, surrendering to the obvious, they decide they must find a better climate for the baby, and they start to climb up the map of Chile in search of the sun. They go from Concepción to Talca, to Curicó, to San Fernando, always heading north, passing through Santiago and, after a lot of adventures, heading up to La Serena and Antofagasta, until finally they reach Arica, the so-called city of eternal spring, but it's no use: the boy, who by now is a teenager, still feels cold. Once he 's an adult, the coldest man in the world travels through Latin America in search of a more favorable climate, but he never—not in Iquitos or Guayaquil or Maracaibo or Mexicali or Rio de Janeiro—stops feeling a profound and lacerating cold.

He feels it in Arizona, in California, and he arrives and departs from Cairo and Tunis wrapped in blankets, shivering, convulsing, complaining interminably, but in a nice way, because, in spite of how bad a time he had of it, the coldest man in the world always remained polite, cordial, and perhaps because of this, when the much-feared ending finally came—when the coldest man in the world, who was Chilean, finally died of cold—no one doubted that he would go directly, without any major trouble, to Heaven.

Cairo, Arizona, Tunis, California, thinks Rodrigo, almost smiling: Leuven. It's been months since he's seen his father— they've grown apart after some stupid argument. He thinks that, in a situation like this one, his father would want him to be brave. No, he doesn't really know what his father would think about a situation like the one he is in. His father would never have a credit card, much less travel irresponsibly thousands of miles to be given a kick in the stomach. What would my father do in this situation? Rodrigo wonders again, naively. He doesn't know. Maybe he should go back right away to Chile; or maybe he should stay in Belgium for good, make a life here? He decides, for the moment, to go back to Brussels.


People travel from Leuven to Brussels, or from Brussels to Antwerp, or from Antwerp to Ghent, but they are such short journeys that it's almost excessive to consider them travel in the proper sense of the word. And even so, to Rodrigo, the half hour to Brus- sels seems like an eternity. He thinks about Elisa and Hans walking around that city, such a university town, so European and correct. Again he remembers Elisa's body: he recalls her convalescing after she had her appendix out, receiving him with a sweet, pained smile. And he remembers her some time later, one Sunday morning, completely naked, massaging rose hip oil into the scar. And maybe that same night, playing with the warm semen around that scar, drawing something like letters with his index finger, hot and laughing.

He gets off the train, walks a few blocks, but he doesn't look at the city, he goes on thinking about Elisa, about Hans, about Leuven, and something like forty minutes go by before he realizes he has forgotten his suitcase on the train, he's left it in a corner next to the other passengers' luggage, and he's gotten off carrying only his backpack. He says to himself, out loud, energetically: ahuevonado, you stupid asshole.

He buys some French fries near the station, and he stops on a corner to eat. When he stands up again he feels dizzy, or something like dizziness. He was planning on buying cigarettes and then walking for a while, but he has to stop because of this feeling, which just seems like a nuisance at first, an impression of vertigo that he has never felt before, but which immediately starts to grow, as if freeing itself from something, and soon he feels that he is going to fall, but he manages, with a lot of effort, to maintain the minimum stability necessary to move forward. The backpack weighs next to nothing, but he slings it over one shoulder and takes five steps, to test himself. The dizziness continues and he has to stop completely and support himself against the window of a shoe store. He moves forward slowly, propping himself up against one shop window after another, like Spiderman's cowardly apprentice, while he looks out of the corner of his eye at the interiors of the stores, overflowing with different kinds of chocolates, beers, and lamps, some of them selling strange gifts: drumsticks that are also chopsticks, a mug in the shape of a camera lens, an endless array of figurines.

It's hard to know if it's day or night: 5:15 p.m. and the lights of apartments and cars are already on.

An hour later he has only made it seven blocks, but fortunately, at a kiosk, he finds a blue umbrella that costs him ten Euros. At first he still feels unstable when he walks, but the umbrella gives him confidence, and after a few steps, he feels like he's gotten used to the wobbling. Only then does he look at or focus on the city; only then does he try to understand it, start to understand it. He thinks it's all a dream, that he's near Plaza de Armas, near the Cathedral, in the Peruvian neighborhood, in Santiago de Chile. No, he doesn't think that: he thinks that he thinks he's in Plaza de Armas. He thinks that he thinks it's all a dream.

The stores are starting to close. It's hard to know if it's day or night: 5:15 p.m. and the lights of apartments and cars are already on. He starts to walk away from downtown, but instinctively he goes into a laundromat and decides to spend some time there—he doesn't really decide this, actually, but this is where he ends up, along with two guys who are reading while they wait for their clothes. It isn't exactly warm there, but at least it isn't cold. It's absurd—he knows that he's short on money, that he's going to need every coin—but still he decides he is going to wash one of the pairs of pants, the second shirt, and the extra pair of socks. It takes him a while to figure out how the washing machines work—they're old and look sort of dangerous—but he figures it out and throws in the clothes and this small victory gives him a stupid and absolute feeling of satisfaction. He sits there looking at the tumbling clothes, entranced or paralyzed, focused like someone watching the end of a championship game on TV, and maybe for him this is even more interesting than the end of a championship game, because while he 's watching the tumbling clothes pushed up against the glass, soaked in soapy water, he thinks, as if discovering something important, how these clothes are his, how they belong to him, how he has worn those pants a hundred times, those socks too, and how once upon a time that shirt, a little faded now, was his best, the one he picked out on special occasions; he remembers his own body washing that shirt with pride, and it's a strange vision, vain, awkward. It's perhaps his kitsch idea of purification.

Then he goes into a pizzeria called Bella Vita, which looks cheap. He's attended to by Bülent, a very friendly and cheerful Turk who speaks some French and a little Flemish but no English, so they have to communicate exclusively through gestures and a reciprocal murmur that perhaps only serves to demonstrate that neither of them is mute. He eats a Napolitano pizza that tastes out of this world to him, and then he sits there, drinking a coffee. He doesn't know what to do, he doesn't want to go on wandering, but he can't make up his mind to look for a cheap hotel or a hostel. He tries to ask Bülent if the the place has wifi, but it is truly difficult to mime the idea of wifi, and at this point, he is already so helpless that he doesn't think of the simplest option, which would have been to say "wifi" and pronounce it in all possible ways until Bülent understood. Luckily Piet arrives just then; he's a very tall guy who wears glasses with thick, red rims and has an unspecifiable number of piercings in his right eyebrow. Piet knows English and a little Spanish—he has even been to Chile, for a month, years ago. Rodrigo finally has someone to talk to.

A couple of hours later they are in the living room of Piet's beautiful apartment, across from the pizzeria. While his host makes coffee, Rodrigo watches from the window as Bülent, with the help of the waitress and another man, closes the place up for the night. Rodrigo feels something like the pulse or the pain or the aura of daily life. He turns on his laptop and connects to the Internet; there are no messages from Elisa, but he wasn't really expecting any. He tries to find a friend from high school who, as he remembers, has lived in Brussels for several years. He finds him easily on Facebook, and the friend responds right away, but says that he 's in Chile now, taking care of his sick mother, and although he plans to come back to university, for now he's going to stay in Santiago, he doesn't know for how long. Ten minutes later he gets another message in which the friend recommends that he not be afraid to drink peket ("It's a good buzz, but a bad hangover"), that he avoid the grilled endive ("no to the grilled endive, yes to the boulettes de viande and to the moules et frites"), that he try the hot dogs with warm sauerkraut and mustard, that he buy chocolates at Galler, near the Grand Place, that he go to the Tropismes bookstore, and that he shouldn't miss the Music or the Magritte Museums—to Rodrigo, all of these details seem remote, almost impossible, because this isn't a vacation, it never was. He feels desperate. He doesn't have much credit left on his card, and he only has a hundred euros left in his wallet.

He tries to ask Bülent if the the place has wifi, but it is truly difficult to mime the idea of wifi.

That's when Bart arrives, Piet's editor who lives in Utrecht. Only then does Rodrigo find out that Piet is a writer, that he has published several books of short stories and a novel. He likes that Piet showed this kind of discretion, that he was so reserved. He thinks that if he were a writer, he wouldn't go around proclaiming it to all the world either.

Bart is even taller than Piet, he's a giant of almost two meters. Along with a friend, who is also named Bart, he runs a small press that publishes emerging writers, almost all of them fiction writers, almost all of them Dutch, but there are a few Belgians, also. The other Bart, oddly, lives in Colombia (because he fell in love with a woman from Popayán, Rodrigo learns), but he handles everything online from there: his job is to manage distribution—to a series of small bookstores, none of them commercial—and organize small events and conferences where he sells the books himself.

Bart is friendly and he tells his story in pretty fluent English, though he is also helped by his emphatic gestures and a certain talent for mimicry when words fail him. It's almost ten; they walk for a few blocks. Rodrigo feels better, he leans on the umbrella-cane, but it's more of a precaution than a necessity. They reach La Vesa, a somewhat gloomy bar that has poetry readings on Thursdays, but today isn't Thursday, it's Tuesday, and the patrons are scarce, which is better, thinks Rodrigo, who enjoys this feeling of intimacy, of routine camaraderie, this sensible chatting with new friends, and the comments—short but laden with slight ironies—that come every once in a while from Laura, an Italian waitress who isn't beautiful at first sight, but who becomes beautiful as the minutes pass, and not from the effect of the alcohol, but because you have to look at her really closely to discover her beauty. His friends are drinking Orval and Rodrigo orders wine by the glass; Piet asks him if he dislikes beer, and he replies that he likes it, but he's still too cold and he prefers the warmth of wine. They start talking about Belgian beer, which is the best in the world. Piet tells him it's not so cold out, that there have been many worse winters. Then Rodrigo wants to tell them the joke about the coldest man in the world, but he doesn't know how to say friolento, cold-blooded, in English, so he says "I am" and makes the gesture of shiver- ing, and Bart tells him "you're chilly", and it all gets tangled up because Rodrigo thinks they're talking about Chile, about whether he 's from Chile, which supposedly they already knew, until, after several misunderstandings that they celebrate thunderously, they understand that the joke is about the chilliest man on earth, and Rodrigo adds that the most cold-blooded man on earth is definitely Chilean, he 's the chilliest man on earth, and he laughs heartily, for the first time he laughs on Belgian soil the way he would laugh on Chilean soil.

Rodrigo starts the joke uncertainly, because as he strings the story together, he thinks that maybe in Belgium and Holland they have the same joke, that maybe there are as many versions of the joke as there are countries in the world. His listeners react well, however, giving themselves over to the story: they enjoy the enumeration of the cities, whose names sound so strange to them ("Arica sounds like Osaka," says Bart), and when the chilliest man in the world, who was Chilean, dies of cold under the burning sun of Bangkok, his friends let out an anxious giggle and grab their heads in a mournful gesture.

The chilliest man in the world had been a good son, a good father, a good Christian, so Saint Peter accepts him into Heaven without delay, but the problems start immediately: incredibly, even though in heaven hot and cold don't exist—at least not in the way we understand them down here—and even though all the rooms in that formidable hotel that is Heaven automatically adjust to the needs of their guests, the Chilean still feels cold, and in his friendly but also effusive manner he goes on complaining, until the blessed patience that reigns in Heaven runs out, everyone gets fed up, and they all agree that the chilliest man in the world should go find a truly beneficial climate. It is God himself who decides to send him to Hell, where it's unthinkable that he could go on feeling cold. But in spite of the unquenchable fires, of the frightful burning waters, of the colossal hot water bottles and the human heat, which in such an overcrowded place is intense, the chilliest man in the world still feels cold, and the case becomes so famous that it reaches Satan's ears, who sees it as a fun challenge and decides to take matters into his own hands.

One morning, Satan himself leads the Chilean to nothing less than the hottest place imaginable: the center of the sun. It's so hot there that Satan has to put on a special suit or else he'll get burned. Once inside the center of the sun, they come to a small two-by-two meter cubicle, and Satan opens the door. The Chilean enters and he stays there, hopeful and deeply grateful. Weeks pass, months, years, until one day, moved by curiosity, the Devil decides to pay the Chil- ean a visit. He puts on his special suit again—even reinforces it with two additional layers, because he thinks he may have singed himself on the previous trip—and he heads off to the sun. He has scarcely opened the door to the cubicle when he hears the Chilean shout from inside: "Please close the door, it's chilly in here!"

"Please close the door, it's chilly in here!" says Rodrigo, and his performance is a success.

"I think that you are the chilliest man in the world," Bart tells him, "and I want the chilliest man in the world to try the best beer in the world." Piet proposes they go to a bar where they sell hundreds of beers, but in the end they decide to go somewhere closer, where they clandestinely sell Westvleteren, the so-called best beer in the world, and on the way Rodrigo leans on the umbrella, but he doesn't know if it's necessary, he feels like he doesn't need it anymore and could throw it away, but he goes on using it anyway while he listens to the story of the Trappist monks who make the beer and sell it in modest quantities, a story he finds amazing; he hopes he likes the beer a lot and he does, although they only buy one for the three of them, because the bottle costs ten euros.

Later, in the living room, they go on drinking for a while, they half-listen to each other, they laugh.

They go back to the apartment at two in the morning with their arms around each other, so Rodrigo doesn't have to use the umbrella: they look drunker than they are. Later, in the living room, they go on drinking for a while, they half-listen to each other, they laugh. "You can stay, but only for tonight," says Piet, and Rodrigo thanks him. They drag in a mattress while Bart stretches out on an old chaise lounge and covers himself with a blanket. Rodrigo thinks about what he will do if Bart tries something in the middle of the night. He considers whether he will reject him or not, but he falls asleep, and Bart does too.

He wakes up early; he 's alone in the living room. He 's a little hungover, and the coffee he finds in the kitchen does him good. He looks at the street, he looks at the buildings, the silent facade of the pizzeria. He wants to say goodbye to Piet, and he cracks open the door to his room: he sees him sleeping next to Bart in a half-embrace. He leaves them a note of thanks and goes down the four flights of stairs. He has absolutely no plan, but he's encouraged by the idea of walking without a cane, and once in the street he tries it, like in a happy ending. But he can't do it, and he falls. It's a nasty fall, a hard fall, his double pants rip, his knee bleeds. He stays on the corner, thinking, paralyzed by pain, and it starts to rain, as if he were a character in a cartoon with a cloud hanging above him—but this rain is for everyone, not just him.

Neckbeard: Company Seeks Skilled, Motivated Dungeon Master

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Image courtesy of WikiCommons

Unemployed nerds, rejoice! The online roleplaying game community Roll20 just posted a job opening for a game master (also known as a dungeon master) with a "comprehensive understanding of tabletop gaming rulesets." The site caters to fans of "pen and paper" roleplaying games like Dungeons & Dragons and Call of Cthulhu by offering them interactive digital interfaces they can use to play these games online.

For those of you not in the know, nerds have been happily doing this "work" for free since the 1970s—ignoring our social lives so that we could create the best gaming scenarios and perfect our hobby. Paying a nerd like myself to be a dungeon master is like paying a Deadhead to go to shitty music festivals or paying Kanye West to interrupt award shows.

So how has the response been so far? Richard Zayas, one of the co-founders of Roll20, simply called it "overwhelming."

"Since it was me pushing to get this position made and filled, I made myself the search committee. I've personally gone through over a hundred applications for the position just this past weekend," Zayas said. "And the scariest and most overwhelming part is the number of quality applicants with great ideas."

The reason Roll20 is hiring a Game Master, has to do with Twitch, the streaming service a lot of Roll20 users have been using. "Now there's a huge population of folks who watch roleplaying games that use our interface," said Zayas. These live-streaming roleplaying games, though popular, often don't showcase everything the company's products can do, however, "and we want to keep an example of how Roll20 can be fully utilized, plus create entertaining content."

Zayas told me that originally the staff of Roll20 had been running these showcase games, but with everyone being so busy, they decided to reach out and see if they could hire someone to do it. The resulting opportunity kind of reminds me of Tourism Queensland's call for " The Best Job in the World," where someone got paid $100,000 to hang out in paradise... Except, you know, for nerds.

Follow Giaco on Twitter.

Comics: Megg, Mogg, & Owl: The Terrifying Children of Werewolf Jones

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Follow Simon Hanselmann on Twitter and look at his blog. Also buy his books from Fantagraphics and Space Face.

How to Make Breakfast With Your Vagina

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How to Make Breakfast With Your Vagina

Instead of Freedom, Canadian Mohamed Fahmy Faces a Retrial in Egypt

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Mohamed Fahmy. Screencap via YouTube

Just one week after hopes were raised for his release from an Egyptian prison, the nightmare ordeal of Canadian journalist Mohamed Fahmy has been prolonged. On Sunday, Egypt's military-backed regime said Fahmy and his al Jazeera colleague Baher Mohamed will face a new trial beginning later this week. The two have spent more than 400 days behind bars for allegedly spreading false news and aiding the banned Muslim Brotherhood, charges widely denounced as shams. In a statement, Fahmy's family called the retrial "our worst nightmare."

The Fahmys had expected a far different outcome following the release of a third Al Jazeera journalist, Australian national Peter Greste. Arrested and imprisoned alongside his two colleagues, Greste was deported February 1st under a presidential decree for jailed foreigners. Fahmy, born in Egypt and raised in Montreal, secretly renounced his Egyptian citizenship to qualify for the same treatment. His family says the decision was made under duress after Egyptian authorities told him "this was the only way out... It was one of the most difficult decisions he has ever taken [and] has left him demoralized."

Fahmy's extended imprisonment also raises new questions about the Canadian government's handling of his case. As Greste was sent home last week, Canadian Foreign Minister John Baird declared that Fahmy's freedom was "imminent." Aides to Prime Minister Stephen Harper have claimed diplomatic efforts over Fahmy's release entered a "new phase" in recent weeks, with Baird raising the issue with his Egyptian counterpart and Canadian and Egyptian officials holding several meetings in Cairo.

After reportedly receiving assurances that Fahmy would be freed, Canadian officials now say they are seeking answers for why Fahmy is being retried. But the apparent turnaround should not come as a surprise in light of Canada's response, which has been timid from the start. After initially staying silent on Fahmy's arrest, the Canadian government has described his plight as a "consular issue." Before his surprise resignation last week, Baird rejected a stronger approach as "bullhorn diplomacy," saying he pursued Fahmy's release "in an effective way, not in a loud way."

The silence on Fahmy's imprisonment has coincided with Harper's muted reaction to the Egyptian government's crackdown on political opponents. Despite responsibility for one of the worst killings of political demonstrators in recent memory, mass death sentences for Muslim Brotherhood supporters, and the jailing of scores of activists and journalists, the Harper government has warmly embraced President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi's regime. Last month, Baird unveiled a closer security collaboration with Egypt that includes Canadian training of Egyptian forces.

Fahmy's family has expressed increasing frustration with Canada's stance and today issued their strongest criticism to date. "We are worried and we have been let down by the Canadian government's conservative approach in the handling of the case," the family said. "That is also the feeling of the Egyptian officials and public figures sympathizing with us who are shocked that the Canadian prime minister had not intervened yet to expedite matters while the Australian most senior official has done an outstanding job in the release of his colleague Peter Greste."

Harper, the statement adds, "has failed us immensely," forcing them to take on the bulk of the lobbying themselves. On Monday, the Fahmy family launched a social media campaign to pressure the Canadian government under the hashtag #HarperCallEgypt.

The Harper government appears to have at least partially gotten the message. In a statement on Sunday, Lynne Yelich, the minister of state for consular affairs, said: "Canada calls for the immediate release of Mr. Fahmy." It was the first time a Harper official has made a direct public demand for the Canadian journalist's freedom. With no end in sight to Fahmy's time behind bars, it appears the Harper government will have ample opportunity to explain why its call came so late.

Follow Aaron Maté on Twitter.

Can the Green Party Make a Comeback in 2016?

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As the 2016 presidential campaign creeps out of the gates, American politics seems to be at yet another crossroads. Discontent over economic inequality, unchecked climate change , and systemic racism in the criminal justice system have spurred growing protest movements across the country. Meanwhile, the country's two major political parties are more polarized than ever, endlessly locked in a farcical partisan dance that brought governance to a standstill. Voters can be forgiven for feeling like the democratic process is broken, and that their leaders have failed to respond to their most urgent needs—it's no surprise that the 2014 midterm election had the lowest turnout in 72 years.

Amid this political landscape, Green Party activist Jill Stein thinks it might finally be time for a real third-party movement to take hold in the US. On Friday, Stein, a Massachusetts doctor, announced that she is considering another run for the Green Party's presidential nomination in 2016, declaring in a press conference that "it is time for generational shifts in our national vision."

"We've had enough of rule by the economic elite," she told reporters at the National Press Club in Washington, DC. "The old politics is collapsing and the political vacuum is begging to be filled. 2016 provides an incredible opportunity to fill that vacuum and surge forward."

For most voters, the Green Party is best known for Ralph Nader's spoiler campaign in 2000, which some argue tipped the scales in favor of a Bush presidency. There's been a reluctance for left-leaning voters to embrace a third party ever since, and the Green Party has subsequently faded from relevance, gathering only a fraction of Nader's 2.8 million votes in subsequent elections. And despite increasingly dire reports from scientists, climate change routinely polls near the bottom of the list of American voters' priorities.

But Stein, who ran as the Green Party's candidate in 2012, believes the movement is ripe for a comeback. She may have a point—a recent Gallup poll showed 58 percent of Americans desire a viable third party, near the all-time high set in 2013. And while Stein received less than 1 percent of the vote in 2012 , she still managed to become the most successful female presidential candidate in history. Her campaign has a strategy to expand that success in 2016, she says, with a stronger focus on digital organizing and social media.

"In this country, people are rightfully very cynical about politics because the models that have been held up are completely toxic," Stein said in an interview with VICE this weekend. "We have the potential to be the dominant political force. We have the numbers, we have the expertise, we have the grassroots vision, and sense of democracy."

Stein believes that the party can gain broader support by tying environmental issues to economic and social justice issues, bringing in disparate progressive movements that have gained momentum over the past year. "The reality is that every one of the crises we're facing right now, from the climate crisis to the economic meltdown to the assault on communities of color and police militarization, there are solutions," she said. "It's not an accident, there's a real effort to divide the environmental community from the social and economic justice community, and it's absolutely false. The economy will collapse in a second if there's not a stable climate."

"In my experience, the problem is not persuading people... that we must work together. The problem is overcoming the media blackout and the things that silence us," Stein added. "Where those movements are being funded by offshoots of the Democratic Party, then it doesn't work. Then the agenda is being dictated."

While the encyclopedic Green Party platform reads more like an aspirational wish list for a progressive utopia than an achievable set of policy goals, Stein has honed in a specific set of proposals she believes could gain popular support outside of her relatively tiny network of activists. That includes a "Green New Deal" public works program aimed at making the country powered by 100 percent renewable energy by 2030; comprehensive immigration, education, and healthcare reform; a "radical reduction" in the prison population; and the legalization of a number of recreational drugs. The reforms would be paid for in part by reducing the US defense budget, as well as by the public health savings that would come from eliminating the use of fossil fuels.

"The bottom line here is that the number one environmental issue is jobs," she said. "That in my mind cuts through the fog here that these are both emergencies, they can both be solved together and this is a win-win."

In a political environment where science is often optional, Stein stands out for her purist belief that modern science can play a central role in improving daily life for average citizens. A medical doctor, Stein has co-authored two reports on the environmental influences on public health and advocates for plant-based food systems and "active transportation" like biking and walking. "We need community infrastructure which supports health, as opposed to the community infrastructure we currently have, which really inflicts disease," she said.

Of course, Stein isn't likely to make much of an electoral impact on the 2016 race. For one thing, her campaign would be decidedly low budget, thanks in part to her refusal to take corporate donations. In 2012, her campaign raised just $1 million, enough for just a few television ads, although . Her response to Obama's State of the Union address last month appeared to be filmed with her computer's webcam, with dogs barking in the background.

"It does create a steep uphill battle, but I think the American people are hitting the wall for what we can stomach in this very toxic money-dominated political mode that has been inflicted on us," she said.

Despite the Green Party's admittedly low chances, other progressives remain wary of any left-leaning third party effort. "It's hard to see how the symbolism of a run ever compensates for real damage," said Richard Reiss, a fellow at the CUNY Institute for Sustainable Cities. "Within the existing system, the Green Party itself is a marginal force, and can only be a distraction."

But Stein maintains that she can win. "We don't have to persuade people, we don't have to change people's minds. All we have to do is flick that switch in our own minds from powerlessness to powerfulness," she said. "The minute we do that, the future is in our hands."

Follow Eric on Twitter

Florida's Bathrooms Are a Battleground for Transgender Residents

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Kieran Castano walked through the door of Wally's, an Orlando bar, with the urgency of a person who has to pee. The 24-year-old trans man breathed a sigh of relief when he noticed there was no one else inside the men's room. That meant he could go straight to the stall rather than having a patron give him a dirty look, or worse, ask what he was doing there.

According to Castano, the bathroom stank of piss, and there were puddles on the floor. As he turned to leave, Castano, who has a bad knee, slipped and fell hard. So he hobbled up to a female employee and warned her about mopping up. After all, he told her, someone could get seriously hurt. Thinking their interaction was over, he joined his girlfriend, Allie Enters, at the bar and ordered himself a PBR.

The couple was later joined by another trans man, Ace, who lived in the Orlando area and frequented Wally's, which claims on its website that it's received "more local and international press than just about any bar in Orlando." But when Ace went to use the bathroom, the employee Castano had told about the mess started screaming.

"You need to get the fuck out," she allegedly told the group. "You keep using the wrong bathrooms." As Kieran pleaded with the woman to stop yelling and explained repeatedly that he wasn't doing anything wrong, he felt two pairs of hands on his shoulders.

"I was literally saying, 'I'm transgender' as these two dudes pick me up and put me outside on the sidewalk, right on my bad knee," Castano told me.

LGBT Floridians and their allies rejoiced last month when the state lifted its ban on gay marriage, but are already fighting their next battle, with local conservatives apparently determined to make trans folks' lives as nightmarish as possible. Last Wednesday, a South Florida state rep named Frank Artiles filed a bill that some fear would make it a crime for transgender people to use basically any public bathroom in the state. The first-degree misdemeanor would be penalized with up to a year in jail, where transgender people in Florida—and across America—are vulnerable to rape.

"A man such as myself can walk into a bathroom at LA Fitness while women are taking showers, changing, and simply walk in there," Artiles told the Miami Herald. "Someone can say, 'What are you doing there?' and I don't have to respond. It's subjective. If I feel like a woman that day, I can be in that locker room. I don't know about you, but I find that disturbing."

The bill, if passed, would make Castano's experience de rigueur. That's because a business owner who doesn't actively prevent people from using the "wrong bathrooms" could be sued by angry customers who fear men hearing women's urination noises and vice versa.

Artiles's "public safety" argument has been used in Florida before. Back in 2009, the city of Gainesville proposed Charter Amendment 1 to protect trans people from discrimination. Conservatives argued that bathrooms would become easy targets for sexual predators, and one mayoral candidate practically pegged his entire platform on keeping bathrooms binary. Although Gainesville is a liberal bastion in a sea of red—not to mention a town that would elect a gay mayor the next year—the decision about whether or not to enact protections for trans people was actually pretty close. And South Florida, which has one of the biggest gay populations in the entire country, is an even weirder spot to try and codify a law that discriminates against transgender folks.

But even a progressive bastion like Chicago lets business owners check the IDs of trans individuals before letting them into a restroom, according to the ACLU. And although no state or city does anything as extreme as what Artiles has proposed for Florida, very few places have laws protecting trans individuals when it comes to bathrooms, either. In fact, Colorado, Iowa, San Francisco, New York City, and Washington, DC are the only jurisdictions that do.

Jim Harper, a spokesman for the advocacy group Equality Florida, says the state is typically pretty good about protecting LGBT residents. But he points out that more than half of its citizens don't live in the major metropolitan areas with anti-discrimination laws. Harper describes the state as a patchwork, but says that chapter 57 of Orlando's city code allows trans people who face discrimination to file a complaint with its human relations department. "They'll even take the offending party to court," he says.

According to Harper, people Castano wouldn't have that option if the bill becomes law. "That's one thing we really dislike about it," he told me. "It would invalidate tons of local ordinances that protect gender identity in public accommodations."

Of course, it's possible that some harassment trans people face comes from genuine confusion on the part of business owners. For example, "If your driver's license says you're a male, you have to use the male bathroom no matter if you're dressed up like a woman or act like a woman," Wally's owner Martin Snellgrove told me. "That person was asked many, many times to use the correct bathroom."

Snellgrove alleges Castano got violent and "started thowing things" when asked to leave, which he and his girlfriend vehemently deny. But whether the incident was born of ignorance or hate, it's one that will become not only legally permissible but required in Florida if the bill passes.

"We think [the proposed bill] is absurd," says Harper, of Equality Florida. "We hope Florida legislators see it for what it is and pay it no mind. Transgender people are people, and they have the right to live their lives according to who they are."

Follow Allie Conti on Twitter.


Comics: The 38th Governor of California, Doom, and the Progressive Man

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For more of Jana Vasilijevic's work, check out her website.

VICE Vs Video Games: It’s Not All About You: Ditching Gaming’s Domineering Protagonists

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A screen from "Kentucky Route Zero"

In the great film 24 Hour Party People, Factory Records founder Tony Wilson (played by Steve Coogan) says, "I'm a minor character in my own story." The film, he says, isn't really about him. It's about the music and the people who made the music. I always loved this, because for me, life is all about the connections we have with other people, the ways in which we can come together and be more in the intertwining of our stories than we could hope to be alone.

So I grow wearisome and wary of games that tell you that you're the only one that really matters, games that create worlds that clearly exist solely as playgrounds for your whims, with non-player characters whose lives transparently revolve around you. Everything from the way pedestrians in L.A. Noire spend more time loudly commenting about my character than talking about their own lives, to the way the world of The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion is filled with guilds and factions that are all just waiting for me and me alone to come to their salvation. Yes, there are other characters in these worlds, but the games want you to know that these are your worlds, and that those other characters exist for your sake, not their own.

Of course, game narratives that justify your function as the hero and, by extension, as the world's entire raison d'etre have been around since the simplest stories started making their way into video game instruction manuals. But over time, I've come to think that a steady diet of games that work to centralize your experience to such a degree that you feel like far and away the most important person in the game's world may not be the healthiest thing for people.

I've encountered more than my fair share of entitlement in the gaming world. When I started writing for GameSpot, there were reader comments emphatically stating that, because the core audience for gaming sites is straight males, women hired by such sites should be chosen to be appealing to them, and because, as a trans woman, I didn't fit the bill, GameSpot was betraying its customers by hiring me.

Of course I don't think that video games alone are responsible for the arrogance some possess that leads them to think that everything should cater to their tastes and desires, but I don't think games help, either. Being the savior of hundreds of doomed worlds and damsels in distress may not exactly help one develop a healthy sense of one's own importance in relation to others.

But more and more, we're seeing games themselves work to encourage players to question their position at the center of a game's universe. The short game Average Maria Individual by Alice Maz puts you in an alternate version of the original Super Mario Bros. and seeks to decentralize the most iconic of all video game heroes.

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A screen from "Average Maria Individual"

Playing as Alice, your jump is insufficient for overcoming obstacles so you must talk your way past piranha plants and other creatures. As the game's official page puts it, "the only puzzle is don't act like a gamer." Being arrogant and aggressive won't get you anywhere. Act like someone who wants to find the princess not "so I can rescue her" but "to make sure she's OK" and the denizens will be happy to let you pass.

When you meet Mario, he comes across as a psychopath, acting out of sheer ego and self-interest. "I plunge headfirst into danger, I save the princess, and I kill every fucking thing that gets in my way," he says. In response, you can ask, "What about what she wants?" After playing this game, it's a little harder to uncritically accept any simplistic narrative that justifies positioning you as the kind of hero who stomps on, slices or shoots a thousand living things while completing your heroic quest.

Cardboard Computer's episodic series Kentucky Route Zero, an unconventional heroic quest narrative but a heroic quest narrative nonetheless, is perhaps the best example of a game that works to decentralize its own central character and to create a sense that it is precisely because your story intertwines with other stories that it has any meaning. Ostensibly, you play as Conway, a driver for an antique shop making one last delivery to an elusive address. But constantly, the game shifts you out of Conway in ways that prevent you from identifying with him in the ways that games so often encourage you to identify with playable characters.

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A screen from "Kentucky Route Zero"

Of course, many games let you play as multiple characters, but typically, games foster the sense that you are all of those characters, and that they are all you. Kentucky Route Zero instead fosters the feeling that you are not quite any of its characters. You might swap back and forth between Conway and another character multiple times in one scene, or be controlling Conway's movements while choosing dialogue options for another character. It makes you feel less like you are playing as Conway and more like you are collaborating in the telling of a story about this group of people whose lives intersect with Conway's journey. No one piece of the story and no one person are of paramount importance on their own. It's the ways in which they come together that matter.

Kentucky Route Zero goes one step further in challenging the hero's centrality through its interstitial content, smaller standalone experiences released between the main episodes that build the world and pull the focus away from Conway's journey. The first, Limits & Demonstrations, lets you view some art installations by Lula Chamberlain, a character in the main game. The second, The Entertainment, which can be viewed with the Oculus Rift, is a play performed at the Lower Depths, a bar you visit in Act 3. When you do go there as Conway, a pair of Rift-like goggles rests on one of the tables, calling attention to your participation not as Conway, but as the player. The third (and so far final) Kentucky Route Zero supplement is Here and There Along the Echo, a hotline you can call either using the game's virtual phone or your actual phone to hear a perfectly cast Will Oldham give you poetic information about flora, fauna and mysterious phenomena in the game's world.

I love that Kentucky Route Zero does so much to make me feel richly invested in its world without making me feel like it's only through my presence there that the world matters. I want to see more and more games do this. Because if my story is the only one that matters, then nothing matters, since it's only through our connections with each other that the meaning in our stories can reveal itself.

Follow Carolyn Petit on Twitter.

We Spoke to the Women Protesting Against the '50 Shades of Grey' Film

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This article originally appeared on VICE UK.

This Friday, 50 Shades of Grey fans will finally be able to see a physical, tangible Christian smack a physical, tangible Anastasia with a riding crop. Nauseatingly close to Valentine's Day, the film adaptation of EL James's bestseller hits cinemas on the 13.

This has riled a number of women, who are now planning to boycott the film, furious at what they believe to be a glamorization of violence. In the UK, the 50 Shades Is Abuse campaign has rallied supporters for a protest of this week's premiere in Leicester Square.

"We want to challenge the romanticization of abuse," says Natalie Collins, the domestic violence worker who founded the campaign. "We want to give people the skills and resources to have conversations with their family and friends about these books, and use them as an opportunity to raise awareness about abuse, which could help women who are currently experiencing violence.

"People assume we're prudish or moralistic, but we're not anti-sex, we're not anti-BDSM," she adds. "We have a lot of supporters from the BDSM community who are outraged and disturbed by how the books misrepresent their lifestyle."

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The official trailer for 50 Shades of Grey

Fifty Shades has angered some with its implication that BDSM is rooted in trauma (Christian Grey was abused as a child) rather than being a healthy sexual expression. But for the 50 Shades Is Abuse campaigners, it's not even really the sex itself causing the most concern.

"For us, the most concerning bits relate to the controlling behavior that Christian exhibits outside of the bedroom," Collins says. "He stalks her, he tracks her phone, he finds her workplace, he takes away her independence. Those things are much more concerning in terms of modeling what a healthy, romantic, sexy relationship should be—especially for young girls who will see the movie."

The North American equivalent is #50DollarsNot50Shades, jointly launched by Stop Porn Culture and the London Abused Women's Center in Ontario. The campaign is encouraging people to boycott the movie and instead donate the cost of the ticket to a women's shelter.

Dr. Gail Dines is a professor of sociology and the president of Stop Porn Culture. She says donations are coming in from around the world, with people emailing her messages of thanks.

"I started this because I'm so incensed that you can take a major social problem of violence against women and glorify it, dress it up with a few whips and fancy underwear, and rebrand is as romance," she tells me. "It speaks to women's lack of understanding about how violence against them happens. All those women who love the book and fawn over it, I think if they were to read a few books on domestic violence, they'd have a different view.

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Still from 50 Shades of Grey courtesy of UPI Media

" Fifty Shades tells a story of what is really grooming by a stalker—a seasoned perpetrator going after a much younger, more immature woman," Dines continues. "She doesn't know her own body, she doesn't know what an orgasm is, she doesn't know what the clitoris is—she's never had sex. She's barely articulate. She's overwhelmed by this wealthy guy. Let me tell you, if this guy was living in a council house on welfare, he would not be so attractive."

Dines has her own take when it comes to the BDSM debate. "Everyone's talking about how the BDSM community doesn't like 50 Shades, and the reason is because it reveals what's going on," she says. "A lot of BDSM is actually just 'S': it's sadism. Sadistic men on the hunt for young, traumatized girls who are easy pickings. Now, that's not everyone, but I do have trouble with BDSM. In a society where one in four women are sexually abused, in a society where men get off on raping, mutilating, torturing, and murdering women—I do think we have to put BDSM in that context. Sexuality never exists outside of the culture in which it's happening. As violent porn becomes more mainstream, we have to talk about why BDSM is becoming more mainstream."

But what about the thousands of women who freely choose to engage in BDSM? Doesn't this perspective detract from women's hard-won sexual liberation?

"Choice is complicated," says Dines. "What is choice when you're socialized to see yourself as a subordinate? From the moment you're born into a patriarchal society, you've been socialized to think of your sexuality as being subordinate. It's about being on offer to men, it's about being fuckable—because you have to look fuckable to be hot. Choice is not something that just drops out of the sky; the choices you make are culturally constructed."

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Still from 50 Shades of Grey courtesy of UPI Media

Clearly not everyone agrees with Dines' standpoint: some would argue her assessment of female sexuality is slightly patronizing, and when it comes to 50 Shades, at the height of its popularity two copies of the book were being sold every second. It also inspired a line of sex toys and a baby onesie reading: "nine months ago my mommy read 50 Shades of Grey."

Everyone you knew was reading it, everyone was talking about it, everyone was copying things from it. It also allowed women a space in which to talk about sex and their own sexuality, which is so often sidelined or overwhelmed by male desire. There can be no doubt that these movie protests are going to piss off some of the (millions of) diehard fans who see both the book and film as a bit of harmless escapism.

"Oh yes, of course," agrees Dines. "They come at me in a very hostile way, saying, 'I love this book.' But when we start to talk about it, the hostility goes right down. We talk about the character, how she's always scared of him. That's the key to knowing you're in a battering relationship, when you start to measure the mood of the man you're with and carefully moderate yourself. If you look at the lists in battered women's shelters of signs to watch out for, Christian Grey actually matches them all."

Collins says highlighting women's sexuality is a good thing—but 50 Shades doesn't do that in any meaningful way. "The books don't bring women's sexuality to the fore in their representation of sex; they bring a male desire to the fore, and a male shaping of what women should want," she argues. "The book's all about what he wants, what he finds sexually pleasurable. Her desires aren't encouraged or asked about, she's just expected to be part of his lifestyle."


Feminist.org has a list of domestic abuse hotlines and national organizations for donation.

50 Shades Is Abuse are protesting on February 12—more details on Twitter.

A Day with LA's Sexiest Plumbers

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LR Services Plumbing in Los Angeles is a family business run by Leonard Redway and his brothers Owen, Drew, and Kenny. Their father was a plumber, and his father, and his father before him. For four generations, they've been the kind of plumbers who come at a moment's notice to fix a burst pipe or a badly clogged toilet.

What makes them special is that they don't have the traditional flabby plumber physique—these guys are all bulging biceps and washboard abs, the sort of man who comes to your house to "unclog your drain" when you are a character in a particularly cheesy erotic novel. In 2006, they released their first calendar, filled with 12 months worth of photos of the boys posing with their shirts off, muscles flexed, skin glistening, and their tagline: "Changing the way you view plumbers."

I spent a day with them repairing pipes, clearing blockages, and watching their 7 AM workout in preparation for their next calendar shoot, and I can definitely say that these guys are by far the sexiest plumbers in LA.

Tinder Bots Have Evolved to Mimic the Girl Next Door

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Tinder Bots Have Evolved to Mimic the Girl Next Door

Going Deep with One of Canada’s Most Extreme Young Cavers

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Exploring in Mexico. All photos courtesy Nicholaus Vieira

It was near the seventh day into a massive cave system in the Mexican state of Oaxaca and Nicholaus Vieira was lost. The 34-year-old caver had joined an expedition into the J2 cave system in the Sierra Juarez Mountains that would push into areas never before seen by a human.

They'd squeezed through an extremely tight fissure in a cloud forest called the Last Bash on a mountain side around 3,000 metres above sea level and then lowered themselves 500 metres down a series of vertical shafts, banging against the walls like pendulums. Around eight horizontal kilometres inside and roughly a vertical kilometre below the surface, Vieira hung back to let the others get ahead of him—it's not always easy to find a bathroom in a hole that deep. He got his gear on and looked for the phone line they'd been following. He began in the direction he believed was the right way, but soon realized he was wrong and strayed from the telephone line.

Earlier in the passage there had been stalactites and other calcite formations. Vieira had come along as a glorified pack mule, carrying supplies, fixing telephone lines, and setting up rigging for the numerous climbs and underwater passages called "sumps." The cave was close to the Cueva Cheve system where in 2003 a team had explored one of the most remote underground spots in the world: 9.3 kilometres from the nearest entrance. The progress on that expedition had been halted due to an old tunnel collapse and the principle explorers on Vieira's trip were hoping the J2 system would connect with the Cheve system at some point.

But now Vieira was lost.

He wandered through caverns large enough to build a strip mall in, complete with car-sized boulders fit for a parking lot, in search of a passage that could be as small as a squeeze through two rocks on the ground. At one point what he thought was a floor ended up being several boulders perched between walls—a crack allowed him to see he was suspended above a cavern so deep he couldn't see its bottom.

"It's a three-dimensional maze," Vieira said. "Some caves are pretty simple and you can't get lost in them. Others are literally a maze on a maze on a maze on a maze."

After looking through the massive passageways for 30 minutes, he finally found the phone line again. He knew he was going the right way this time, but was still completely disoriented when he finally caught up to one of the team members who had started to come back in search of him.

"Even if you have a map, a compass and colored flagging for specific routes, people still get lost in these things," he said.

The ASS Club
Caves offer some of Earth's least-explored areas outside the ocean, and Vieira occupies a good deal of his time finding and mapping the caves that either haven't been fully explored or haven't been found at all. He's mapped caves made of tufa—a type of limestone created near geothermal hot springs—and seen paleo-permafrost crystals the size of dinner plates preserved intact since the last ice age. But by spending much of his time in dark, hidden, and sometimes dangerous spots, exploring what few have seen before, he's especially learned about himself.

Vieira was born in Smithers in northwest British Columbia, but grew up all over the place. While he'd "done some poking around in holes" with his brothers before, he didn't open his eyes to the darkness until 2007, when a co-worker took him to explore a cave near Canmore, Alberta. Vieira was hooked instantly. He harassed his coworker to go on another trip and eventually the coworker introduced him to the Alberta Speleological Society (ASS—"They're a fun group").

His addiction grew over the following years. By 2008 he was already making discoveries in well-explored caves like Rat's Nest, near Canmore. At the back of the cave near the end of his trip, Vieira posed for a selfie when he noticed something moving around in the water. A closer look revealed translucent isopods—a troglodyte crustacean that resembles wood lice—170 kilometres from their closest known range. They collected samples that are now in the Smithsonian Crustacean Collection.

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Rat's Nest Cave in Alberta

"The interesting thing that I took away from that is you can be in a cave that people have been to thousands and thousands of times and still discover something nobody's ever seen before," Vieira said.

He continued to explore caves on almost every continent and in approximately 20 countries. Until last fall he was mostly a troglodyte, spending around 200 days underground on average. This year he thinks he'll spend only around a third of the year underground. The bio on his website, Crazy Caver, says the following: "Nicholaus Vieira is definitely not one of us, or normal... He has dedicated his life to the underground."

But the life Vieira's chosen isn't cheap. When he's not camping underground or in foreign countries on expeditions, he saves money by keeping his gear in a storage locker and, for the past four or five years, sleeping in the back of his 1990 Jeep Cherokee.

"I can't exactly lie down in the back," he said. "I have to sleep in semi-fetal position." He has a pass at the local recreation center for modern-day pampering like warm showers and internet access. But he said the sacrifice to personal comfort has paid out hugely: it's allowed him to travel the world and pay off around $20,000 in student loans and credit card debt.

He also funds his troglodytism by teaching caving techniques for tourists and putting in a different kind of underground labor at a limestone mine near Canmore.

In March, Vieira will head to Colombia to look for unexplored cave systems in a few areas north of Bogotá. Finding these unexplored holes takes some groundwork, though, and usually it begins with reconnaissance at home.

"You're going into places where nobody's ever looked for caves, so you're basically starting from scratch," he said. First, cavers look for regions that have a lot of limestone or other good host rocks. Then they use local contacts and pour over Google maps and aerial photographs looking for particular geographical clues like sinkholes, disappearing and reappearing creeks or rivers, or even a dark spot that could be an opening.

Once they have good leads, they set out to the field for "traditional ground-pounding" in which they bring some rope to poke into potential vertical entries, or use diving gear to investigate sumps.

"You'll map everything you come across, every cave you travel down," he said.

In some ways the mapping is the more tedious side of the enterprise. Cavers measure the distance between points on walls, ceiling, floors, and other things, the slope of passages, and the azimuth, roughly a clockwise measure of the deviation of passages from a fixed point.

And it all came tumbling down
These trips can be exciting, but they aren't always pleasant. There's mud, glacial waters, and darkness—always darkness. There are murky, tight swims through sumps of a cave that must be traversed with the help of scuba equipment. There are ducks—a term describing a passageway filled with water except for an inch or two of air at the top. "Your nose scrapes along the ceiling, allowing you to breath," Vieira said.

And then there are potential collapses.

Vieira was five days into what was touted as one of the most difficult caving trips on Vancouver Island last October. He was serving as part of a support team on a 10-day expedition to push into new areas of Thanksgiving Cave.

They were walking through a roughly 12-metre horizontal passage toward a climb that sat at the end of the rising hallway. Looking up at the shaft at the end, Vieira could see several rocks jammed between the opposing walls with a ledge three to four metres above them—"a really sketchy climb."

The principle explorer on the trip, John Lay, had gone up, and just as Vieira was reaching for the lowered rope, the upper ledge collapsed and came crashing down on top of him. He put his hands up to protect himself but pieces of rock, some as big as his head, knocked him to the ground, half burying his legs. "It didn't knock me out but I was pretty stunned," he said.

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He pulled himself out of the rocks to assess the damage. There was blood everywhere, and his helmet had deep gouges in it. "It wasn't a giant thing like the hood of car," he said of the ledge that collapsed. "I'd be dead if that were the case."

He had deep lacerations in his hand, but "the thing that hurt the most was knowing that was my participation for now. The rest of the trip for me was leaving the cave."

He cleaned himself up but it was clear he would need stitches—a lot of them, if he could get to a doctor fast enough to even make it worthwhile. The trouble was their base camp was two days into the cave. A resupply team was due to arrive with more food and gear sometime toward the end of the sixth day. He decided to push out, meet the resupply team, and join them when they headed back to the surface.

The way in had been physically challenging, especially for the 6'2", 110-kilogram Vieira. It involved any number of tight squeezes, free climbs, and traverses through fissures with mud-covered hallways with the 18 kilograms of food and gear each of them were carrying. Even without the injury, he'd had some struggles, particularly with one squeeze called "The Ogre Choker."

The resupply team spelunked its way through until nighttime and spent a considerable amount of time trying to find suitable places to lie their sleeping bags for the night. On the way in, there had been some crawls through muddy water, but once the resupply team arrived, Vieira's bad luck on the expedition began to flood back to him—literally. The water washed away their beds and "thoroughly soaked" everyone as "people were getting sprayed by newly appeared waterfalls."

They decided to get up and make for the surface in one large push. "I was concerned with the water because there's one section closer to the entrance, [where we could be] trapped on the side of a waterfall," he said. But after a 20-hour effort, the resupply team made it to the surface in the middle of a huge rainstorm that was responsible for all the flooding.

They were still a day's drive from the nearest hospital, but Vieira had got out in the nick of time. The rain washed away part of the remote road that lay somewhere between Gold River and Tahsis. When Lay and the others who had continued on in the cave reached the entrance, their cars were trapped.

All in all, it took Vieira about three days to reach the hospital after getting hurt, but by the time he got there it was clear his injury wasn't going to get infected, so he didn't bother. "I have a really cool-looking scar now," he said.

The others weren't able to make any further progress on the Thanksgiving system because of the water. "They basically got chased out of the cave by a flood," Vieira said.

This isn't an isolated incident, either. "I've got photos of me bleeding all over the place in all different parts of the world," Vieira said, listing off various injuries of his including broken fingers, being cut on sharp rocks, and losing feeling in his legs for three months. On the J2 expedition, he was rappelling down a pitch when a rock he'd anchored to, weighing around 68 kilograms, came loose and nearly hit him on the way down. Another person on the J2 expedition had it worse, though, with a serious leg cut: "a typical injury on an expedition in the jungle. Somebody generally always cuts himself with a machete."

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J2 in Mexico

Fighting disease in Raspberry Rising
Some injuries can be serious if they affect a climber's legs or hands, which they need to climb out of difficult spots. But Vieira shrugs most of his own mishaps off as "nothing terrible—just enough to keep you very aware of what's going on" and proceed with care. And at the end of the day, it's all worth it for the thrill of discovery.

One of his ongoing projects is the Raspberry Rising system in BC's Glacier National Park—a cave he can only usually explore in the winter due to excessive melt-water flooding from the east Tupper Glacier during other seasons.

While the initial parts of the cave had been explored before, Vieira has free-climbed up a 25-metre waterfall and spent the past two years exploring a series of caverns and several sumps. Vieira has mapped 4.5 kilometres of the system, partly on grants from the Royal Canadian Geographic Society, and made it past the first three sumps. He's been foiled from passing the fourth due to a regulator failure and hand injuries, among other problems.

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Inside, he says he discovered some of the "most beautifully decorated passageways" he'd ever seen in Canada. There were stalactites, stalagmites, soda straws, and draperies in pink, orange, blue, and white, as well as translucent ones. The areas was so beautiful, in fact, that the team's respect for its aesthetic value outweighed their desire to explore. Even though it was clear the passage continued in a certain direction, there was no way to move further in that area without destroying the cave's beauty. The team roped off the passageway and moved on.

Since Vieira is the first person to go into some caves, he's drawn interest from more than just fellow cavers and explorers. During the Raspberry Rising expedition, he brought back petri dish samples for a microbiologist seeking a potential cure for deadly pathogens. Apparently, the microbes extracted from chambers in extreme systems that have never hosted a human before have a higher chance of containing microbes that could be developed into drugs to stop antibiotic-resistant superbugs. Due to his help on the project, Vieira will coauthor a paper with the scientist. When I interviewed him for a related article last year about the collaboration, he was on the side of the highway hitchhiking to Thompson Rivers University in Kamloops, BC, to guest lecture about gathering extreme microbes to her class.

It's not always easy to find the right people to explore cave systems with—there's more cave space to explore than there are people crazy and skilled enough to do it. Vieira taught some climbing skills to a friend who specialized in underwater caving to help him get to the fourth sump in the Raspberry Rising cave, and he found a fifth sump. Vieira's been itching to tackle it—he has been foiled several times by serious cuts and even a failed regulator. He was ready to make a risky solo trip in early February, but the area was closed by Parks Canada's avalanche control.

To bring new talent into the game, Vieira is launching a company called Caving Solutions to teach advanced caving and cave-rescuing techniques, as well as doing some guiding in interesting locations "for more adventurous and fit individuals."

Last man out alive
Vieira was doing reconnaissance in different parts of the Peruvian Andes. He discovered a cavern at around 5,000 metres in altitude in the country's southeast with a polished and indented entrance floor that looked as if thousands of feet had passed through the area before.

The cave was short—only about 50 metres long and 15 metres deep—and they quickly discovered they weren't alone. On the floor of the cave were skulls, femurs and old wooden torches, and by the look of them, they were old. "They could have been going there for water, they could have been going there for whatever. No idea," Vieira said.

He contacted the appropriate people but didn't tell anyone else about the location in order to protect the site from potential grave robbers.

"Once you start seeing things like that you just stop, take some photos, back out and leave it alone," Vieira said. "Don't disturb anything because then you take things out of [archaeological] context."

On his website, Vieira writes that "everything you could imagine and more is involved with caving and caves. These places I venture into are important to everyone—we have been tied to them from our beginnings and we will be tied to them to our ends."

In some ways, his encounter in the Andes could be compared to a sizing-up of his troglodyte predecessors. But, at 34 and with new pushes planned in Raspberry Rising, Colombia, and a trip to Australia on the horizon, there will be many more caves to explore before Vieira ends up as a pile of bones.

Follow Joshua Rapp Learn on Twitter.

Meet the Woman Who Saves England's Lost Birds of Prey

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Barbara Royle with one of her birds

Photos by Chris Bethell

Hundreds of falcons go missing in the UK and Europe every year, and one husband-and-wife team have taken it upon themselves to reunite all those wandering birds with their rightful owners.

Barbara Royle and her husband, Keith (who didn't want to be interviewed or photographed for this article), run the Independent Bird Register (IBR), which is essentially a lost-and-found for birds. The couple round up and return lost falcons, eagles, hawks, and other birds of prey, as well as the occasional parrot, pigeon, raven, and owl. They've been in charge for the past couple of years, but the IBR itself celebrated its 20th anniversary last year, passing the 6,000th bird reunion mark and boasting over 15,000 members.

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Barbara at work on the IBR

The entire organization now operates out of the Royles' semi-detached home in suburban Manchester, running seven days a week, all year round. The couple live with their three birds—Roxy, Blaise, and Rocky—and Barbara tells me the bulk of their workload is matching up found birds, or birds that have been spotted by the general public, with their correct owners, as well as dealing with call-outs for lost birds.

Barbara took charge of the IBR in 2012, and in 2014 alone reunited 398 birds with their owners. That's more than one bird a day, a figure made even more impressive by the fact that, at 55 years old, she heads up the organization while also maintaining a regular nine-to-five job.

The organization isn't a charity and only brings in enough money to cover the running costs. However, no matter how tough or time-consuming the job gets, Barbara doesn't seem to regret taking it on, nor does she resent the responsibility—the level of care she puts into both her own birds and others' is undeniable.

"Some of these birds are people's lives—they spend years training them," she says. "It's about developing trust, not 'taming' them. To have them taken away, or for them to go missing, is terrible."

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Barbara herself first fell in love with falconry when she was 15, but didn't get the opportunity to try it out until much later in life.

"I met Keith in 2001, and one day we'd gone to a place called Symonds Yat, which is down in Ross-on-Wye [Herefordshire]," she tells me. "As we were going through a field, this peregrine went over the top of the car. I was so fascinated, so Keith said to me, 'Just go and do it.' We got married in 2004, and I think I spent all my honeymoon going round falconry centers. It's true!"

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Falcons are a pretty bold choice of companion, so when Barbara tells me there are thousands of keepers in the UK, it comes as quite a surprise. The majority of these owners will be practicing falconry, which involves both keeping and training falcons, while also using them to hunt "quarry" (small birds and mammals) in their natural environment.

In other words, falconers do a lot more than sit around at country fairs with a bird perching on their arm: They take them out into the wild and get them to circle, swoop, and kill.

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"There are a lot of falconers in this country, but you would never find them—unless you knew where to look, I suppose. It's a close-knit community," Barbara tells me. "It's easy to find centers, but not so easy to find actual falconers. It's the nature of the sport—not everybody likes it, not everybody agrees with it, even though it's a 4,000-year-old sport. Well, not sport."

She pauses.

"People actually used to use it to put food on the table."

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It's hard to know whether to call falconry a sport, an art, an activity, or a pastime. And as it's not exactly the most publicized subculture, the world of falconry operates almost undetected to the general population, unless a confused Harris hawk or lost and angry peregrine comes crashing into our kitchen window.

However, there are clearly plenty of people at it: "You've got youngsters from 14 years old, to guys past 70 and 80 years old, practicing falconry, all from different backgrounds," says Barbara.

British falconers are trying to make their hobby part of the country's national heritage, which really isn't that far-fetched an idea: Falconry already has UNESCO status in countries ranging from South Korea to Morocco to the Czech Republic. There's also an entire hospital dedicated to falcons in UAE, where they invite tourists for a "once in a lifetime experience" grand tour of the complex, including a thorough dive into the history of falconry. It was even reported at the end of 2014 that the airline Lufthansa are now allowing passengers to bring their falcons onboard flights in order to attract Middle Eastern hunting enthusiasts.

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So perhaps we should try to be slightly more aware of a practice going on throughout the UK that has such international significance. And as Barbara implores, we certainly shouldn't be strangers to the fact that lost and missing falcons are a much bigger problem than you might think. The IBR's Facebook page illuminates just how many birds are going missing all the time, and all over the country.

"I once got a call from a man at an office block in Croydon who said they had a large bird perched for ages on their window sill," says Barbara, recounting one of the many times a bird of prey has ended up in an unusual location (she mentions one person climbing a windmill and another jumping into a canal to rescue lost falcons).

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But what do you do if you end up coming across a great big bird somewhere it doesn't belong? Barbara reminded me that IBR-registered birds should have blue rings on their feet, and suggested that the best thing to do is to take a picture of the bird on your phone and send it to her, along with the location of the sighting. If you're feeling brave, you could even try taking hold of the bird yourself—though it doesn't sound like the best of ideas.

"They can be quite a dangerous animal," warns Barbara. "Watch the feet. They grab with their feet."

Follow Roxy and Chris on Twitter.


How Lucid Dreaming Could Help Treat PTSD

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The recurring nightmares began when Dr. Glen Just was five years old. Every night, soldiers would capture him, drag him onto a submarine, and drill a hole into his back as he screamed.

Just now believes these chronic nightmares to be symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder caused by years of maternal abuse. He remembers his mother repeatedly smothering him in his crib. When she thrust his face into the pillow, her hand pressed down on his spine in the same place that the drill would penetrate in his dream.

He lived with his nightly terrors until college when he discovered self-hypnosis and succeeded in "reprogramming" his dreams. In a trance state, the student rehearsed the onset of his nightmare, and "like a remote control changing television channels," practiced transitioning to the dream of his choice. "I selected a dalliance with a beautiful woman," he explained. "She would appear, and I would have a relationship with her to the point of coitus."

Without realizing it, Just had taught himself to lucid dream—essentially to "wake up" inside of a dream and manipulate it. He isn't the only one. For months, I have been involved in a project collecting dreams from around the world, and have met a surprising number of people who can lucid dream at will, allowing them to live out their wildest fantasies as they sleep.

While virtually ignored in America until recently, lucid dreaming has flourished in cultures as diverse as Buddhist Tibet, Aboriginal Australia, and ancient Egypt, where the hieroglyphic for "dream" was an open eye. In all of these cultures, lucid dreaming was viewed as a way to access divine aid and insight.

As a new therapist in the mid 1950s, Just was eager to promote the healing potential of lucid dreams for PTSD sufferers like himself. Unfortunately, his ideas were denounced by the psychoanalytic establishment.

"They believed," Just lamented to me, "that any direct intervention [in a dream] contributes to the neuroses, so it was forbidden."

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While that kind of strict Freudian ideology is no longer prevalent, lucid dreaming is still mostly unacknowledged in modern-day therapy. Dr. Joseph Green is a rare exception. For several decades, the therapist has employed lucidity techniques in his practice that build upon Just's early experiments. Instead of merely "changing channels" on a nightmare, for example, Green often recommends confrontation.

"A girl came to me after being bitten by dogs," he began. "She had this recurring dream of being chased by two dogs and hiding behind a tree. I told her, 'The next time you have that dream, and you're hiding behind that tree, I want you to say, "This is just a dream, and I can do whatever I want."' At our next session, she said, 'I did what you told me to do. I stepped out from behind that tree and I faced the dogs. I said, "I want you to turn into hot dogs." And they did, and I ate them.' She never had the nightmare again."

Green echoed the claims of several other lucid dreamers I spoke with when he insisted that "if you become lucid, and you face your nightmare, it will never return."

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When a patient comes in complaining of recurring nightmares, Green actually sees it as a blessing in disguise. Lucid dreamer Jared Zeizel agrees. "It's weird to say," the co-author of A Field Guide to Lucid Dreaming confessed, "but I love having nightmares because nothing helps me get lucid faster." His recurring dreams of zombies in high school provided an ideal entranceway into lucidity. "That was my first reality check," he explained. "Whenever I'd see a zombie, I'd know that I was dreaming."

It's a simple realization with profound consequences. Suddenly, the dreamer becomes nearly omnipotent in an environment that feels as real as anything in waking life. From personal experience, I can only compare it to the Buddhist concept of enlightenment—a single thought that brings immediate liberation from the world. Significantly, the original Sanskrit word for enlightenment is bodhi, which literally means "to awaken."

Zeizel spent his adolescence pursuing typical lucid dreaming activities like flying, sex, and fighting, but now he dedicates most of his time toward personal growth. "One the most meaningful things I do, is I'll ask for a negative version of myself to appear. I call him Dark Jared. He's a very gaunt-looking, shadowy clone," he said. "I'll have a telepathic conversation with him. Sometimes it gets scary because I can feel a negative pressure from him trying to influence me. Dark Jared is connected to an anxiety and to bad habits that stem from a part of my subconscious which he represents. I'm able to ask him questions like, 'Why are doing these bad habits?' and he can respond. When Dark Jared is there, I embody Light Jared, and I'm able to separate the negative elements of myself from the positive elements. Just the act of seeing that negativity as separate helps. When I wake up, if I feel anxious, I know that I can separate from it."

While Zeizel's doppelgänger is an intentional reflection of himself, consciousness researcher Ryan Hurd believes that all elements of the dream are reflections of the dreamer. He spoke about a friend who had regular nightmares of being chased by monsters. At Hurd's encouragement, the friend asked one of the creatures why it was pursing him. The monster replied, "I'm disappointed." The man reported feeling a powerful emotional reaction, and upon waking, was able to explore and address the ways in which he had disappointed himself.

Hurd's own psychic wounds were less metaphorical. "There was a long-term cycle of bullying in my dreams left over from my elementary school days," he shared. "But, there was one dream where I was being chased by a bully, and I was just so angry. My anger was so intense that it made me lucid. I decided to turn around and face my enemy. We were both about 10 years old. I told him, 'Listen, all we have to do is accept each other. That's it. I'm not going anywhere.' I said this, even though I really wanted to leave. I felt so much hatred coming from him—all these projections about how I was weak and small. But then, he suddenly got this look on his face, and he got it. He realized that he didn't have to attack me. I felt a strong love for him. When I woke up, I felt ecstatic. And, I don't have bullying dreams anymore."

Hurd's description of ecstatic love echoes that of many lucid dreamers. Emotions and states of consciousness during dreams are often reported to be more vivid, more pure, and more universal than those felt in waking life. Another common theme is existence without a body, accompanied by a diminished ego presence. These phenomena are reminiscent of hallucinogen-induced mystical states, whose healing powers are becoming increasingly apparent in a growing body of psychedelics research. Even the dreamscape itself can serve as a conceptual example of the divine unity that characterizes many religions. The dream is generated by the dreamer's single consciousness, yet produces a multitude of characters that appear as discrete individuals to the dreamer. Upon waking, the separation between these persons is revealed to be an illusion.

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The ability to summon and engage with people in dreams has important implications for grieving as well. Dr. Green spoke of a patient whose friend had been killed a few feet away in a Vietnam firefight. The veteran carried the haunting memory for decades until the therapist encouraged him to meet his comrade in a dream. The veteran was able to tell his dying friend, "Get up. The war is over. We're going home." The wounded man smiled, stood, and they walked off the battlefield together. The alternate ending provided instant closure for the patient that endures to this day. Green reports similar results from bereft clients who have contacted departed loved ones in dreams. "The deceased almost always says, 'I'm OK,'" Green noted. "They almost always look their best—like they're in the prime of their life." The therapist himself still regularly finds comfort in dream meetings with his dead father.

For many lucid dreamers, these kinds of intentional therapeutic uses remain unexplored. "Like most people," Rebecca Turner explained, "the first application I discovered for lucid dreaming was escapism." Turner, who runs the popular World of Lucid Dreaming Facebook community, described an adolescence filled with shyness, anxiety, and low self-esteem. In lucid dreams, however, she stated, "I could do anything. I could fly, and sing, and do awesome gymnastics. It was liberating." Best of all for Turner, the feelings of liberation and mastery have raised her confidence and well-being in waking life too.

Turner insists that lucid dreaming has also boosted her creativity and problem-solving abilities. The dream-space offers limitless opportunities to experiment and to pursue different solutions with instantaneous results and zero risk. Increased subconscious access also spurs novel and counterintuitive solutions. Turner cites numerous examples of dreams that have changed history—inspiring accomplishments as diverse as the theory of relativity, the sewing machine, and even a few Beatles hits.

The potential benefits are clear, but as Turner cautions, "It's not an easy solution for the average person. [Lucid dreaming is] something that takes commitment over time." The process typically involves keeping a thorough record of dreams every morning (in a journal or with an app like Shadow), analyzing them for themes, and performing regular reality checks. Even then, for many individuals, lucidity is elusive.

Dr. Ursula Voss may be about to change that. In a recent experiment, the Goethe Institute professor was able to induce dream lucidity in her sleeping subjects through electro-stimulation of the scalp. If pursued, and commercialized, the breakthrough could bring about a day when we will all have instant access to our deepest desires and our most authentic selves.

Follow Roc's latest project collecting dreams from around the globe at World Dream Atlas.

Comics: Dingball - T.B. Falls Down

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Follow Patrick Kyle on Twitter, look at his blog, and get his books from Koyama Press.

Japan Is Opening a Hotel Staffed Almost Entirely by Robots

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Image via Flickr user k rupp

A hotel in Japan staffed primarily by humanoid robots is set to open this July. It will be located in the Nagasaki prefecture, and rather than a one-off, glitchy gimmick, the hotel is part of an influx of socially reactive service robots flooding Japan, backed by the government's support, as a means to solve some of the nation's labor force problems.

The concept for the Henn-na Hotel (whose name means strange and change and whose slogan is "A Commitment for Evolution") was first announced on January 28, but more details about its operations have trickled in over the past week. The hotel, located in Huis Ten Bosch, a theme park modeled after a 17th century Dutch village and stocked with schlocky rides, will feature a staff of ten robot "actroids," lifelike replicas of young Japanese women created by the Kokoro company. Three actroids, capable of making eye contact, reading body language, and responding to organic conversation, and fluent in Chinese, English, Korean, and Japanese, will man the reception desk. Four more will work as maids and porters. It's unclear what the remaining three will do (beyond presumably mastermind their eventual uprising), but they will have a skeleton staff of human overseers... for now.

Aside from its robotic labor, the hotel boasts other futuristic accouterments as well—facial recognition locks, body heat-linked thermometers, and solar powered everything—to minimize waste and costs. This efficiency will allow people to stay in one of the hotel's 72 rooms for just $60 to $153 per night.

Huis Ten Bosch President Hideo Sawada appears to have plans on further mechanizing and expanding his network of cybernetic doomsday sleeper cells futuristic, affordable inns.

"In the future, we'd like to have more than 90 percent of hotel services operated by robots," The Verge quoted Sawada as saying.

"We'll make the most efficient hotel in the world," Sawada told reporters. "In the future, we're hoping to build 1,000 similar hotels around the world."

Sawada's not the first to figure out how much you can save by cutting humans out of the hotel service equation. Since 2013, Shenzhen, China, has been home to the Pengheng Space Capsules Hotel, a similarly mechanized hotel with minimal human managers that charges just $10 for a night in a basic bed pod. However, many of these mechanized hotels rely on less emotionally responsive, humanoid robots like Henn-na's actroids and more on traditional, impersonal droids.

While we've grown accustomed to seeing such traditional robots—expressionless and clearly controlled—assisting in all sorts of rote mechanical tasks, more humanoid machines, like Honda's Asimo, have been around since at least 2001. But they're usually portrayed as prohibitively expensive and still-clunky stunts, promises of some greater robotics future. With this background in mind, Henn-na's actroids seem like a great leap forward from the simple and one-use robot baseball pitchers or herky-jerky robot cheerleaders we've seen to date.

Yet the actroids themselves aren't new technology either. Kokoro's had them in development since 2003, building on earlier emotionally responsive humanoid robots out of Osaka University. By 2010, actroids and other expressive denizens of the uncanny valley were being used in hospitals to monitor patients and as stand-ins controlled by actors in plays. The rich and weird could order a custom-made copy of themselves for $225,000, and today there are even masses of almost-Cylons go-go dancing in outlets like Tokyo's Robot Restaurant.

And these actroids are only one of a slew of increasingly affordable, socially responsive (although often less physically human) service robots that have started flooding the Japanese labor market over the last few months. Nestlé Japan recently announced that they would start using 1,000 Peppers, four-foot white robots capable of reading emotions and comprehending about 75 percent of spontaneous conversation, to sell coffee pots in their retail outlets. The bots, manufactured by telecoms giant SoftBank, sold for just $2,000 each. And just last week Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group announced that, as of April 2015, two of their branches would try turning over teller operations to the nearly two-foot Nao robot, capable of analyzing emotions and responding to customers. Meanwhile companies like Kwanda Industries are trying to sell companies on their Nextage robots, which move like humans and run on less wattage than a hair dryer, as alternatives to menial laborers and cheap solutions to 24-hour service jobs. Alongside these big orders and projects, many smaller restaurants and other service providers have turned over basic customer-relations operations to socially responsive robots of one sort or another.

This rapid advance in robotics development, manufacturing, and services has the avid support of the government of Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, who sees it as a major component of economic growth for a nation facing labor scarcity and increasing healthcare and welfare costs. Abe has pledged to triple Japan's robotics industry within the next few years to a $24 billion market, and many others hope the field will skyrocket to $70 billion within a decade.

"We want to make robots a major pillar of our economic growth strategy," Abe told Jiji Press over the summer of 2014. 'We would like to set up a council on making a robotic revolution a reality in order to aid Japan's growth."

Abe followed this statement by floating the idea of hosting the world's first ever Robot Olympics parallel to the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. In doing so, he's pulling on Japan's deep-seated and globally infectious love for robo sports to fuel his own version of a Space Race, sparking innovation and fascination, driving support and interest in his vision of a cybernetic salvation.

Abe and company have good reason to look toward a robotic future given Japan's demographic trajectory. Due to declining birth rates, many fear that between 2005 and 2025 the nation will have lost 14 million workers. Already, as of 2014, the nation uses a million industrial robots in factories—more than any other nation—and (despite limited talk about turning back toward low-scale, high-quality human craftsmanship) hopes to keep pace with their declining workforce by adding another million by 2030. But as the nation's population decline will affect more than just industrial jobs, some hope to see the rollout of tens of millions of Peppers and similar communicative robots in the coming years to pick up the slack in the service industry, depressing the high cost of labor and making it easier for businesses to expand sans easy copious workforce.

Officials especially want to see more robots enter the elder care service industry. Right now, with birthrates below replacement levels and an average lifespan of 86 years, Japan already has a 22 percent over-65 population and massive social welfare expenses dragging down on the debt-ridden economy. Many fear that by 2060 the population will crash from 127 million to 87 million, and the geriatric demographic will rise to 40 percent. With so few workers to go around, the nation is already short by almost one million on the number of elder care workers needed, and care will only become more expensive, overburdened, and scare with each coming year.

So the government's sunk over $100 million into research over the past couple of years to create new elder care service robots and drive their cost toward $1,000 a pop. As a result, we've got a glut of chairs with human faces that hug lonely elders, fake seals that can reduce the anxiety of dementia patients, and even quasi-Iron Man suits to help with mobility and strength in old age, each going for a few hundred to thousand bucks apiece rather than the hundreds of thousands they would have a few years ago. Government officials believe they can save up to $21 billion in a decade by mechanizing elder care, and in the process create a globally-renowned and specialized $3.3 billion geriatric robotics industry to help float the Japanese economy in spite of its loss of workers, working toward balancing out the costs of its demographic shift.

As the Japanese show little interest in sex or procreation these days, it's unlikely that the country's demographic pressures will change anytime soon. So the government will probably continue to hype and subsidize research into cost effective, mass marketable, and interpersonally communicative robots to replace its waning workforce, buoy its economy, and provide for its aging populace. Meaning it's going to be both cheaper and more necessary year-by-year for companies to invest in actroids, Peppers, and Decepticons to serve as chefs, clerks, and concierges. That makes it likely that Henn-na will expand its operations—and that copycat hotels will start a race with them to provide more realistic and robotized hotel services.

All of this would be pretty cool, if not for Henn-na's staff's unshakable problem of the uncanny valley. The less realistic robots seem a lot better at first blush. But it's hard to shake a certain sci-fi fear about a future society dominated by emotionally responsive robots, increasingly capable of humor, learning, and personality—especially when at least one of the companies behind these technologies legitimately shares its name with the evil corporation from Terminator. So there's always that niggling fear that we're looking at the birth of Skynet here as well—in a Dutch village-themed amusement park. At least it's an amusing place to usher in the apocalypse.

Follow Mark Hay on Twitter.

A Boobs and Burger Battle Is Unfolding in Hong Kong

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A Boobs and Burger Battle Is Unfolding in Hong Kong

'The Utopia of Rules': Why We're Drowning in More Paperwork Than Ever Before

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Image via Flickr user Edward Dalmuder

This article first appeared on VICE UK.

If you've ever spent 15 minutes listening to the same U2 song while on hold to your mobile-phone provider because the 27 people you've spoken to so far have no idea who the hell you are, you'll know all about the throb in the ass that is bureaucracy. Our lives fundamentally suck because of it.

David Graeber—the anthropologist who wrote the international best seller Debt: The First 5,000 years (a book Russell Brand says will "make you cleverer")—argues in his new book, The Utopia of Rules, that we're trapped in jobs created by the ruling classes to feed into their debt-extraction schemes. In other words, we're working dead-end bullshit jobs so that we can be mined for profit. We are the sticky side of the red tape.

Bureaucracy is like society's guiding spirit, except it's more of a Ray Winstone–like figure than Jiminy Cricket. It doesn't always have our best interests at heart. In The Utopia of Rules, Graeber makes compelling, complex arguments about how, beneath its single-mindedness, bureaucracy is metastatic, that it's founded on the threat of force. Refuse to play ball with the police officers, tax auditors, or any other official who supports the big government system of spying and threatening, and basically you'll have the shit kicked out of you—either literally, in the case of armed bureaucrats (a.k.a. the police), or with a crippling fine. Every time you try to escape bureaucracy, it finds you.

Living in a Western capitalist state means spending more of our lives filling out paperwork, re-submitting internet forms, and waiting on hold listening to Bono wailing than our grandparents ever had to. Even if—particularly if—you rely on welfare and spend your life dealing with accountability professionals, who demand you fill out forms, every day, all of the time, to ensure the money keeps coming.


I tracked Graeber down to talk about useless jobs, the rules we live by, and why Christopher Nolan's Batman is just a big fat bureaucrat in a cape.

VICE: What's the problem with people's jobs, then?
David Graeber: People on the street will tell you that they don't really "do" anything in their jobs. In the past 50 years, large firms have begun employing thousands of people in "made-to-work jobs," but you go into these environments and all people do is complain about their work.

This sounds weirdly inefficient, though.
It's precisely what a capitalist society should not do. It feels like someone is out there making up these jobs to keep us employed.

What's a "made-to-work job"?
Between 1910 and 2000, clerical administrative work has gone through the roof—it's something insane like 25 percent to 75 percent of total employment. Bureaucrats, middle management, and pen pushers—these people have nothing to do. When John Maynard Keynes predicted the 15-hour working week back in the 1930s, he didn't really perceive that people would spend 15 hours a week working and a subsequent 35 bunking off.

Like people in the office secretly watching Netflix while their boss is outside having a smoke.
We've got a system that nobody likes and everybody thinks sucks. Nobody ever said that they were excited about filling out a form, and yet, somehow, it grows and grows and people spend more and more time doing it. People in power want people working, even if they're not doing anything. The Federal Reserve says, "How do we create more jobs?" and not "How do we create more jobs that actually do something?" They don't care.

That sounds like hell.
Hell is this place where loads of people spend all their time doing something they don't like doing, that doesn't need to be done, while being obsessed with the idea that somebody else is getting away with doing less admin than they are. But that's reality.

Surely there's some value to be gained from work?

Society tells you that labor makes you a better person, that you're not a proper adult unless you're slaving in a job you hate. And that anybody who doesn't do that is a deadbeat and a rotten scrounger.

Uh oh.
What jobs ultimately now come down to is a hyper-fetishism of paperwork. We trick ourselves into thinking the value comes from the money and not the work that got you there. For a Marxist, this is the oldest trick in the book.

Life isn't that simple, though.
Then the next problem is then this weird logic that the more unpleasant the work, the more redemptive it is. Even having useful work becomes a problem.

Useful work?
When a job's unpleasantness is valuable, then anything that makes another job worthwhile is irritating. Why do people resent teachers, for example?

Because they don't have to sit in front of a computer all day on PowerPoint?
But they serve an obviously useful social function. Most people feel like they're doing total bullshit all day. Teachers get to teach kids—that's real work.

Does this explain why people in the city get paid six figure salaries and artists live off boiled cabbage?
It's almost as though the more your work benefits other people, the less you get paid for it. Obviously there are some exceptions, though, like doctors.

Why?
People are being bought off. Large corporations are raking in such huge amounts that they create these meaningless bureaucratic jobs to redistribute some of the loot, who'll then be on their side.

"Society tells you that labor makes you a better person, that you're not a proper adult unless you're slaving in a job you hate."

This sounds a bit conspiratorial.
Take the Elephant Tea Factory in Marseille as an example. I went to visit it. They had recently sped up the teabag production by 25 percent, so profits went way up. So what did they do? Did they expand? No. Did they hire more workers? No. Did they give the existing workers a raise? No. They hired middle management. So, there used to be 100 workers and the boss, but now there's 100 workers, the boss, and 25 guys in suits wandering around with nothing to do. They had no actual purpose, so eventually they came up with this idea to move the whole factory to Poland, where labor is cheaper, and fire all the workers.

It's the rich fucking over the poor, then.
The unemployed then end up keeping all those people who won't employ them employed, by running around applying for jobs, filling out paperwork, registering on websites, and taking phone calls.

Christ. Can we blame the banks?
In the 1970s, the top layer of corporate bureaucracies switched sides. They gave up their allegiance to the workers for profit-making. A bank executive will always defer a shit rule by saying, "It's government regulation." But if you investigate how that regulation gets written, you'll discover that the banks actually write it. They make up rules they know we can't follow and then tell us it's our fault when we break them. In 2009, JP Morgan Chase announced that something like 87 percent of their profits came from fees and penalties.

People breaking bureaucracy and being fined for it?
Precisely. The entire system is designed to fuck you. That's the basis of JP Morgan Chase, the largest company in America. The US is a really bureaucratic society that just doesn't want to admit it.

[body_image width='700' height='525' path='images/content-images/2015/02/10/' crop='images/content-images-crops/2015/02/10/' filename='the-dark-side-of-bureaucracy-190-body-image-1423580437.jpg' id='26058']

David Graeber, left, at a rally for immigrant rights in Union Square. Image via Wikimedia Commons

OK, say we're 50 years from now, this moment. What's happening?
Research investment has changed. Flying cars are scrapped. They say to hell with going to Mars. All this space age stuff is done. Money moves elsewhere, such as information technology. And now every intimate aspect of your life is under potential bureaucratic scrutiny, which means fines and violence.

What happens if you step out of line?
Bureaucratic societies rely on the threat of violence. We follow their rules because if we don't there's a chance we'll get killed. A good way to think of this is through libraries.

Libraries?
Say you want to go get a book by Foucault from the library describing why life is all a matter of physical coercion, but you haven't paid an overdue fine and therefore you don't have a currently valid personal ID. You walk through the gate illegally. What's going to happen?

A smacked bottom?
Men with sticks will eventually show up and threaten to hit you.

Wait. This actually happens?
Yeah. Check out the UCLA Taser incident in 2006. They Tasered him, told him to get up, then Tasered him again.

What's the point in that?
The point is bureaucracy. They don't care who he is or why he's there. It doesn't matter who you are. You just apply the same rules to everybody, because that's "fair."

But if you're at the top of the bureaucratic tree, those rules don't apply.
Bureaucracy provides an illusion of fairness. Everyone is equal before the law, but the problem is it never works like that. But to advance in a bureaucratic system the one thing you CANNOT do is point out all the ways the system doesn't work the way it's supposed to. You have to pretend it's a meritocracy.

In your book you talk about the latest Batman movie. Why?
In a cartoon, comic world, anyone who is imaginative is a danger. This is the ultimate message of the superhero genre. The only characters in superhero flicks that are really imaginative are the bad guys, because they've got a vision.

But that's why people like them.
Superheroes are the most unimaginative creatures, ever. Bruce Wayne can do anything, but chooses to round up gangsters. He could create cities out of mountains or solve world hunger.

So he's basically a super-bureaucrat?
Exactly. He upholds something that sucks and lives by consumption. Batman is imaginative with cars, clothes, and houses, but imagination must be relegated to realm of consumption. This is bureaucracy. Express yourself in our terms, and don't let it get into politics or madness will ensue.

Follow David Graeber on Twitter.

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