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Back Then with Ben Rayner: Adele, Dev Hynes, and the Horrors Before Their Careers Took Off

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A selfie of the author at age 21 before smartphones were a thing.

Ben Rayner is a British-born, New York-based photographer who's collaborated with VICE on and off since the early days of his career. Today, Rayner's known for shooting covers of famous people for fancy magazines, though a good chunk of his subjects are just mates he's known since long before they hit it big.

In our new photo column, Back Then with Ben Rayner, the artist goes back into his film archive and picks a series of snaps that are ten years old to the month. The following photos are from November, 2006.

In November 2006, I had just finished university and was 21-years-old. I'd been shooting for magazines like Dazed and Confused and VICE for a year or two, and would pick up the odd commercial job shooting for record labels or something similar. I also worked in a shoe shop a couple days a week to have regular money coming in. I always ended up doing the delivery shift on Saturday morning, which meant getting to central London around 5 AM—often while I was still drunk.

I lived in Peckham at the time, and my rent was £220 a month. I lived between a chicken shop and an off-license liquor store that owned the house we lived in. (Essentially, it was a false economy. We spent what little money we had left after paying rent on beer.) Peckham was many years away from becoming gentrified and was still really cheap. Hackney was still relatively affordable, too, and you could make ends meet doing odd jobs. This was a time when I had NO MONEY, and if I got commissioned to do some photo work, I could maybe afford to shoot two rolls of film and then live on these pasta pots that Tesco sold for 80p.

It was quite an exciting time for music. Dev Hynes had a new band called Lightspeed Champion, and the Klaxons and the Horrors were blowing up. Everyone was having a great time. There were things like WOWOW and REAL GOLD doing insane warehouse parties in derelict tire shops. Music was fun back then, and I got to shoot portraits of many bands for magazines, often before their careers took off. I actually shot Adele a month or so before taking the photos below, but we're going to include it anyway. She had just started to do stuff at the time.

For more of Ben Rayner's photo work, visit his website and follow him on Instagram.


Catching Up with the Church of Jediism Founder

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A long time ago (2011), in a galaxy far, far away (England and Wales), 176,000 people declared their religion as Jedi on the national census. It's easy to see this as a simple dad joke gone nationwide – a Boaty McBoatface for the Fathers4Justice generation – but delve a little deeper and it looks like it wasn't all people doing banter.

The Church of Jediism, founded by Daniel Jones in 2008, has over 200,000 registered members and an active digital community. Impressively, it's also got more followers in the UK than Rastafarianism, Paganism, Humanism and Scientology combined. And next year, Watkins Media is set to publish an official book of scripture written by Jones.

So what exactly is it? A thought-experiment questioning the entire concept of religion, or a genuinely valid belief system? I called the founding Knight to find out.

Church of Jediism members, including actor Warwick Davis and his family

VICE: What's the book going to look like?
Daniel Jones: It might be looked upon as a book of scripture, but it's also partly autobiographical. It's there to set the basis of why I came to the conclusion to put this teaching down. The bulk of it is understanding modern day spiritualism – a religion for millennials.

What do George Lucas and Disney think of the book?
Disney are a weird bunch of people – they kind of said, "You can write a book on whatever you want, as long as it doesn't infringe on copyright material." So we have a legal margin, but they're not really bothered about it – as long as it doesn't sell 100 million copies I don't think they'll be that bothered.

Can you explain some of the Church of Jediism's central tenets?
The idea of the book is to enlighten people that you're living in a cocoon and to shake you out of the social norm you are forced into. It's escaping from this weird ideology that everything is like it is for a reason. It's waking up the masses to understanding their full potential.

What other religions is it inspired by?
It's heavily influenced by Buddhism and new-age theories. All religions start from a single seed, like a deity or a higher power. Jediism focuses more on experiencing life properly rather than waiting to die like other religions tell you.

I guess some critics might argue that Jediism is nothing more than a thought experiment, like Pastafarianism, to see how far tolerance can go.
Although Pastafarianism is a good laugh and protesting against modern day religions, we're not like them. We're not a protest religion and are serious about our teachings. One way to explain the relativity is that you have this teaching that's been developed that's probably already been around, but no one has ever thought about it. The book is showing people what it is and putting it into practice. You can see that that is like the Jedis in the Star Wars universe; so that's how the two tie in together. Pastafarianism sets out just to piss people off; but that is not our aim. We want to get away from people saying it's make-believe and using stuff from a film; it's just that it draws parallels with it, and so you can use it as a way to connect to people through something they already know about.

A lot of media hype it up as, "Here's this guy who thinks he can fly!" and all this nonsense. The media can say what they want – at the end of the day it puts us into the public eye and helps people understand about us more. As soon as people pick up the book and start reading about it they'll understand. It's so accessible. I'm currently doing a BA in Science and Chemistry and writing my dissertation – I could have gone into this in a far more complex way. But we made it so anybody of any background can pick up the book and get it. We want it to be accessible for everyone, not just a few people.

In terms of accessibility, obviously you want as many people as possible to sign up, but a lot of people might only know it through the censuses and think it's all a joke. Do you encourage people to write Jedi on their census forms? Or does that detract from the actual teachings that you want to communicate?
I don't discourage it; I think it's cool that people do things because they believe in it. I mean, I wrote down "Jedi", because there's so much taboo about religions and so on. People do things like that because they are lost and need guidance. I don't think there is anything wrong with those things. I did send emails around to help it happen. But as you said, just because people put down their names on the census it doesn't mean they are a member of the church. We do have a database on our website now, but you could just go to Waterstones and get the book and practice it at home.

What did you think of the new Star Wars film?
I loved it. To me it was perfect, though I didn't like the fact that Han Solo died – but it does have to be epic and have something amazing happen. A lot of people gave it stick, but to me it was so good, and true Star Wars.

Jediism focuses a lot on optimism. Why should we be optimistic?
You've got to be optimistic with everything. Optimism is so important, because we create the universe we surround ourselves in. If you go around angry at everything you will have created a negative world. If you go round with a smile on your face and tell people that you love them, it will benefit everyone in many, many ways. Jediism aims to get people to want to do their best with a positive attitude; everything happens for a reason, but we are going to enjoy it. As Vivian Greene said, "Life is about learning to dance in the rain."

Thanks, Daniel.

@kylemmusic

More on VICE:

Reviews of Some of the UK's Best and Worst Religious Flyers

10 Questions You Always Wanted to Ask a Couple Who Didn't Have Sex Before Marriage

Why Are There So Few Resources for Gay Muslims Online?

The Arctic Is Melting and Little Is Being Done to Stop It

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It's pretty easy to get apocalyptic when describing US President-elect Donald Trump's stance on climate change.

He has said global warming is a hoax made up by China for to disadvantage American manufacturers (which China's government has since refuted).

He's tapped fellow deniers for key roles, including a Republican congressman who believes the earth's atmosphere is actually cooling as energy adviser, and a turtle cleverly disguised as a fossil fuel loving-loving think tank analyst to head up the transition for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

In his first 100 days, Trump is also planning to withdraw the US from the Paris Climate Agreement, approve the TransCanada's Keystone XL pipeline and rescind federal regulations on drilling, fracking and coal mining.

It's a disaster for the environment.

But let's not kid ourselves. For people living in the Arctic—especially the 60,000 Inuit people living in 53 communities throughout four massive regions—the climate apocalypse is already here.

"The sea level rise and melting permafrost have combined for some of our communities to have literally fallen into the sea, especially in the Western Arctic," Natan Obed, president of Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, told VICE. "There are immediate concerns that we have about the sustainability of some of our communities based on climate change."

Climate scientists and analysts agree the globe must stay below two degrees Celsius—or 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit—of warming above pre-industrial averages by 2100 in order to have a chance of avoiding catastrophic levels of climate change.

Some countries, including Canada, agreed to an "aspirational goal" of a 1.5 degrees Celsius limit at the 2015 Paris Climate Conference; the difference between 1.5 and 2 degrees of warming "marks the difference between events at the upper limit of present-day natural variability and a new climate regime," according to a recent study written by climate researchers.

But in the Western Canadian Arctic, the annual average temperature has already gone up five degrees Celsius since pre-industrial times, says Michael Byers, Canada Research Chair in Global Politics and International Law and author of Who Owns the Arctic?: Understanding Sovereignty Disputes in the North.

The entire region is warming at twice the rate as the rest of the world due to a trend known as "polar amplification." There's ongoing debate about what causes this phenomenon, with potential factors including large weather systems transporting heat to the poles, increasing snow and ice cover loss, and changes in cloud cover and atmospheric water vapour.

Whatever the reason, the situation has reached absolute crisis level. Sea ice levels in both the Arctic and Antarctica are currently at record lows, while temperatures over the Arctic Ocean are currently 20 degrees Celsius hotter than usual.

"The Arctic exists in a balance between ice and water, between the frozen and unfrozen," Byers told VICE. "A change of just a couple of degrees can dramatically change the Arctic environment. It can transform ice-covered ocean into open water. The effects of climate change are brutally visible in the Arctic today."

To be sure, the trend has been noticed for decades by Inuit elders, hunters, trappers and fishers.

Paul Crowley, director of the WWF's Canadian Arctic Program, says that Indigenous people had long observed the sun was coming up at a different time of year and angle than usual, only to be dismissed as "crazy" by white Southerners. It turned out that atmospheric conditions had indeed changed, resulting in more humidity and refraction. The elders were right.

That was only the beginning. There have been major shifts in caribou populations in the Eastern Arctic, requiring a hunting moratorium on Baffin Island. Obed says elders have noticed a decline in the quality of the taste of meat from animals, as well as skins for use in clothing.

Invasive species have spiked with the shrinking of tundra; there's been new growth of willows, shrubs and other non-tundra organisms. Skidoos collapse through paths that have been driven on for the last 40 years. Roads are becoming more dangerous. Weather is becoming less predictable. The ice, which Obed describes as "our highway for eight to 10 months of the year," is forming later in the fall and disappearing more quickly in the summer.

"The very basis of of the foundation of our safety in the Arctic is being undermined from a world that now is very different than it once was," says Obed, who emphasizes that Inuit communities still depend on traditional food sources.

Many Northern mines rely on permafrost to contain tailings waste; Crowley—who served as principal secretary to former Nunavut premier Eva Aariak—notes the potential consequences of a warming Arctic on such structures are "considerable."

He says there's much more in common between Arctic communities and "small island developing states" that are going to literally disappear with rising sea levels: "What's at stake here is much more dramatic and impactful than it is perhaps in the more temperate areas of Canada," says Crowley, who helped create the organization Many Strong Voices that connects the struggles of, for instance, Fiji and Iqaluit.

There are very critical needs on the climate policy front.

Canada will have to find a way to cut annual emissions by an additional 91 megatonnes to meet its moderate 2030 targets and Paris Agreement obligations, which will likely require burning of political capital in Alberta to reject proposed projects like the Kinder Morgan's Trans-Mountain pipeline and TransCanada's Energy East pipeline (which experts suggest would allow for oilsands expansion that would push emissions far past acceptable limits).

Any international progress made on climate change will have to be expanded as the Americans withdraw.

That will require a decision to help Arctic communities decarbonize as quickly as possible. Obed says all 53 Inuit communities currently operate on diesel generation. Over 70 communities in Alaska use "hybrid renewable systems," in which multiple power sources such as wind, solar and hydro are combined. There aren't any such systems in Canada.

Climate-resilient infrastructure for drinking water, wastewater and solid waste disposal will also have to be built in order for communities to maintain self-sufficiency.

But that necessitates a reminder: the Canadian government has never cared about the North, save for access to resource extraction projects such as Giant Mine and the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline (the latter of which was rebuffed in the 1970s following heavy opposition from Dene, Inuit and Métis people, but has since been resurrected).

There's been a "distinct underinvestment in the Northern territories," to quote Crowley. That's resulted in a serious "poverty trap" and inability for territorial governments to invest in climate change mitigation and adaptation measures.

There have certainly been some strong initiatives taken at the local level. In early November, the Nunavut government announced the creation of a Climate Change Secretariat, while the WWF and Ecojustice are teaming up with ongoing Inuit-led fight for an expanded national marine conservation area in Lancaster Sound.

Much more will be needed. That's where the federal government must start investing serious dollars in the North.

"You address the suicide crisis," says Byers, who notes funding is the one thing the Feds can bring to the table which Indigenous people cannot. "You address the housing crisis. You address the education crisis. It is complex, but the fact of the matter is that Northern Indigenous peoples need increased supports from the federal government so they can become those strong allies in the fight against climate change and other challenges in the North."

Byers says the surprising resignation of former fisheries minister Hunter Tootoo, who was the lone representative of Arctic constituents in cabinet, "resulted in a lack of focus on Arctic issues." He also notes the election of Trump will likely result in six months of "wait and see in Ottawa with very, very little decision making on policy."

But the deadline to be able to take action by is coming very soon. It may have already passed. There's been more positive rhetoric about climate policy and the Arctic since the Liberals were elected. Obed says there needs to be far greater urgency, with mitigation and adaptation measures implemented as soon as possible.

"I don't think we have a lot of time," he says. "It isn't just a matter of it being five degrees hotter in the summer and having to put on an extra layer of sunscreen. It is a matter of us being able to rely on the foundations of our society and pass that information onto our children. It's that foundation because our society is so much based on ice and snow and cold."

Follow James Wilt on Twitter.

Photos that Confront the Fear and Anxiety of Peeing While Trans

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Business as usual. Photos by Jackie Dives

It's 2016, and peeing while trans is still generally viewed as a political activity. If it's happening in a public washroom, legislators want to know it, schools are trying to rebrand it, and at least one Alberta mom attempted to rap about it.

All of this never-ending debate can feel pretty fucking strange, considering trans people are just doing the same things as everybody else in there. That there isn't competing outrage over sounds, smells and soap availability is anybody's guess.

It's frankly no wonder trans activist Jack Fox has spent a decade scouting out every non-gendered toilet in his city. Even though Fox says he "reads" as male, the the fear of harassment in the "men's room" still lingers. "I was so nervous to use a public washroom for fear of being attacked or verbally harassed, I would often wait all day until returning home to go," he told VICE of his early transition days. "Some days I waited up to 16 hours, being strategic as to what I drank or ate so I did not need to use the toilet."

Fox recently teamed up with Vancouver photographer Jackie Dives on a photo series that confronts those anxieties and the transphobia that causes them. It pairs photos of non-binary people having a chill time in public stalls with personal stories of dealing with assumptions and hate. To mark Transgender Day of Remembrance, we've publish a selection of them here.

"Nobody told me that once I 'passed,' I would still be searching for 'the ideal washroom,' mainly one that is loud enough so nobody can hear that I'm peeing in the stall."

"Before I transitioned, it was daunting. It's scary having all these men twice your size peering at you like an oddity."

"I just want to pee, wash my hands, check if I have food in my teeth and leave without being harassed."

"The best is having a complete stranger look over the cubicle just to see you have the right parts! Not to mention the times the door has been kicked in."

"Being told to use the handicapped washroom at my school made me feel like there was something wrong with me, that there needed to be something fixed, which there really wasn't."

"To this day despite passing 100 percent of the time I still prefer a gender neutral washroom."

"Growing up using the 'ladies room' I would repeatedly be asked 'are you in the right place?'"

"The hateful people of the world have certainly found a space to feel safe and be more visible than ever. Which means the rest of us need to come out and be equally as visible."

Follow Sarah Berman on Twitter.

Follow Jackie Dives on Instagram.

The VICE Morning Bulletin

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Photo via Guillermo Gutierrez/Bloomberg via Getty Images

Everything you need to know about the world this morning, curated by VICE.

US News

Police and Protesters Clash at Dakota Pipeline Site
Police used water cannons and what appeared to be tear gas on people protesting the Dakota Access pipeline overnight Sunday. The Morton County Sheriff's Department said 400 people tried to cross the bridge at the pipeline site and set vehicles on fire, with one official describing the clashes as a "riot." —VICE News

Obama Willing to Criticize Trump as Citizen
President Obama may buck convention and criticize his successor, should Donald Trump threaten the country's "core" values after he leaves office. Although Obama rejected the idea of "popping off in every instance," he said that if an issue goes "to core questions about our values and our ideals," he would "examine it when it comes." —NBC News

New York State Police to Set Up Hate Crimes Unit
New York governor Andrew Cuomo has announced a new program to fight hate crime with state police, suggesting the "ugly political discourse" has "gotten worse" since the election. Cuomo also said the state would help establish a legal defense fund for low-income immigrants. —Reuters

Texas Police Officer Killed While Writing Traffic Ticket
A Texas cop was shot and killed while writing up a traffic ticket in San Antonio on Sunday morning. Detective Benjamin Marconi, 50, was sitting inside his car when the driver of a black vehicle pulled up, got out, and shot him twice. Two other officers, one in Florida and another in Missouri, were shot and wounded later Sunday. —USA Today

International News

Indian Train Crash Death Toll Rises to 142
Rescue workers appeared to complete their search for survivors of a train derailment in northern India, with the death toll from the accident reaching 142 people. At least 200 more were also injured when the Indore-Patna express train veered off the tracks near the city of Kanpur early Sunday. —Reuters

Suicide Bomb Attack Kills At Least 27 at Kabul Mosque
At least 27 people have been killed and more wounded after a suicide bomber detonated a device inside a Shia mosque in Kabul, the Afghan capital. The Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attack. —Al Jazeera

Merkel to Run for Fourth Term as German Leader
German chancellor Angela Merkel, in power since 2005, has announced she will run for a fourth term in office. She plans to "fight for our values and our way of life" after consulting her party, the Christian Democratic Union, Merkel said Sunday. —VICE News

Sarkozy Defeated in French Presidential Primary
Former French president Nicholas Sarkozy has been defeated in the primary contest to choose his conservative party's next presidential candidate. He's since backed former PM Francois Fillon, who finished atop the first round of voting and will face another former PM, Alain Juppe, in a run-off next Sunday. —BBC News

Everything Else

Kanye Cancels LA Gig After Sacramento Fiasco
Kanye West canceled his Sunday night concert in Los Angeles hours before showtime without explanation. The cancelation followed an onstage rant during Saturday's Sacramento show in which the star slammed Beyoncé, Hillary Clinton, and Mark Zuckerberg. —The Guardian

'Fantastic Beasts' Bests Box Office Competition
Harry Potter spinoff Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them seized the No.1 spot at the box office, taking $75 million on its opening weekend. The J.K. Rowling–penned movie took another $143.3 million overseas. —The Hollywood Reporter

Green Day Slams Trump and KKK at AMAs
Billie Joe Armstrong sang "No Trump, no KKK, no fascist USA" live on TV during Green Day's performance of Bang, Bang at the American Music Awards on Sunday night. Trump had not responded on Twitter as of publication. —Vanity Fair

Future Drops Two New Tracks
The rapper Future dropped two new tracks, Ain't Tryin and Poppin Tags, on OVO Sound Radio this weekend. The release follows his collaboration with Gucci Mane, Free Bricks 2, released last week. —Noisey

NASA's New Satellite to Give Better Weather Forecasts
NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration have launched a new weather satellite into space. The device is designed to give more accurate weather forecasts and warnings for the US, Latin America, and the Caribbean. —Motherboard

Tony Blair Allegedly Plotting His Comeback
Former UK prime minister Tony Blair is reportedly considering a return to national politics. Blair, who stepped down in 2007, is apparently searching for new offices in Westminster close to the British Parliament. —VICE News

I Drove 14,000 Miles in Search of What Americans Have in Common

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Bruce says he's the "last timber man in Harney County," then spits onto the pavement of the hotel parking lot. He's spent the day, a blistering eastern Oregon late July Saturday, salvaging timber from a swath of land recently scorched by a wildfire, and his white T-shirt is streaked with dirt and ash as he leans back against his stripped-down, rusted-out Jeep.

"Used to have the largest covered saw mill in the nation just down the road, next to the smokestack that you passed when you drove in. And this town didn't used to be the dead thing you see now," Bruce goes on. We're in Burns, Oregon, a hamlet of 2,700 not far from the wildlife refuge the Bundy brothers made famous by occupying earlier this year. A once thriving community, it has gradually lost its economic base since the regional timber industry was largely shuttered partly thanks to a series of government rulings in the 1990s that prevented loggers from cutting down trees in areas where endangered spotted owls lived.

"We never got to vote on it," Bruce says. "The government just told us this is how it will be and stopped it. But it's supposed to be a government by and for the people. And we're the people."

Bruce, who is 50ish and white, informs me he "doesn't like Trump and can't stand Hillary," but if he were to pick, it'd be Donald Trump—as he is a successful businessman, and what they need in Burns are jobs. However, he won't be picking, because he doesn't vote. Doesn't see the point. He's voted once, only once, though he can't remember who the candidate was or what exactly he cared about so much it drove him to the polls, just that his guy lost and none of the things he wanted ever happened.

Bruce in Burns

This moment in this hot motel parking lot is halfway through a two-and-a-half-month, 14,000-mile road trip through 32 states that I embarked on in my MINI Cooper, accompanied by my ten-pound dog Vinni. Like so many Americans who have hit the road, I wanted to understand my country better. I wanted to chat with people from all walks of life—from movie moguls and Senate candidates to out-of-work coal miners and stay-at-home moms—about their lives and politics in election-year America.

My mission was to find our commonalities, the vast swaths of "purple" I knew were out there. I grew up in deep-red Kentucky but currently live in the bluer-than-blue enclave of Brooklyn, so I knew that underneath all the rhetoric, the fake Facebook news stories, and divisive campaigns, there had to still be a thing called "America" that we all belonged to—something that we were all in, together, even now.

But what you find doing this continental criss-crossing is dozens of enclaves that can feel thousands of miles apart even when they neighbor one another. Before Burns, I was in Portland, where casual eavesdropping yields chatter about locally grown kale, startups, DIY artistic endeavors, and rising housing costs. Then I drove east through the lush, temperate national forest that houses Oregon's snow-capped Mount Hood and discovered it suddenly ceases, like you're penetrating an invisible barrier. In the blink of an eye, you are cruising past rolling dry tumbleweed-strewn hills and plateaus, dotted with hints of the pastel and loping cattle. This is the line dividing America's West Coast from the American West. And in the West, people talk of decline, abandonment, lost ways of life, and fleeing youth.

You can find these divisions from coast to coast. It boggles the mind that it took Donald Trump to make those of us in capital-rich metropolises sit up and pay attention to the nation's interior, the places in between. It's just so damn blatant when you're out there. Or as Rachel, a DC native recently transplanted to the small town of Rocky Mount, North Carolina, put it, "It's like the Hunger Games. In certain wealthy cities, we're just obliviously jetting off to brunch and yoga, and everyone else is..."

"In the District 12s of the nation," I offer.

"Yup."

It's an awful way to look at your country, but what about it is wrong? The lessons of the 2016 election are still being argued over, but the undeniable takeaway is that the inhabitants of rural areas, left behind by globalization and struggling, rose up, as the dispossessed inevitably do, and picked the path of rage. And whatever the consequences of that rage, we will all bear them together as a country.

These days, it can feel like there are two Americas divided by some insurmountable wall looming past the cloud line. And I won't try to talk down or understate the danger of Donald Trump, but after a coast-to-coast and north-to-south drive, I have to disagree with the idea of the wall.

A landscape in Utah

Of course, we have many differences between us. But why would anyone expect everyone in this country to see things the exact same way they do? What you understand much more viscerally by driving around this great big country is, well, just that: This is a great big country, settled by different peoples who came from different parts of the world at different times. These groups have different heroes, different villains, different problems. Our politics will always be messy; we'll never reach a 100 percent consensus.

Now, not all disagreements between us are civil; not everyone I met on my travels was kind. Some enthusiastic Trump supporters told me, "Obama should go back to where he came from" and other bigoted remarks—but these were few and far between. The vast majority of conservative folks were choosing between begrudgingly voting for Trump or not voting for president at all. And some had come over to team Hillary Clinton. Even a woman I'll call Georgie, from Mobile, Alabama, who said she had been an early and dedicated "Trumpette" had lost all enthusiasm for the man—though she still planned to tick his box come November. What had been the moment things turned? "I don't know," she told me. "He just kept talking."

There is undeniable hatred out there, undeniable ugliness that has been stirred up by this election—we saw some of that at Trump's rallies, and see some of it now in the frighteningly frequent reports of hate crimes and harassment. But these atrocious acts are committed by a small, but very vocal, minority, and do not represent the totality of the 47 percent of voters who picked Trump.

So many of our disagreements, no matter how heated the discussions over them are, come down to fissures in culture. And after all my hours in my tiny car, all those miles watching American landscapes and homes glide by, I wonder why, instead of bemoaning differences of opinion as signs of stupidity or laziness, can't we just set those differences to the side and look at what remains.

A train in Utah

According to the latest data from the United States, just over 58 percent of eligible Americans voted, meaning turnout has not dropped relative to recent presidential elections. Still, over four in ten of us declined to participate despite both parties proclaiming this the most important election of all time. More people did not vote than voted for either candidate.

I found evidence of this disillusionment with the system from Mobile to Detroit, the same belief that nothing concrete or fundamental will improve—or even really changed—regardless of who takes the top slot. But this attitude shouldn't be mistaken for cynicism or laziness.

Especially in Appalachia and the West, where the rugged frontiersmen and women of yore still loom large in the cultural ethos, the divorce between essential civic duties and voting runs deep and contributes heavily to the fact that when they do vote, they often vote Republican. Most people I met in these regions didn't like either candidate, sure, but they also held a common belief that they'd always gotten by on their own, working together as a community, outside the fringes of bureaucracy that they don't see as operating for their benefit anyway. Many would rather be free to make their own mistakes, instead of living under the thumb of some distant, powerful government that regulates everything from their water usage to when they have to have their dog on a leash.

"It's death by a thousand pricks," explained John, an undecided conservative-leaning high school teacher in Greeneville, Tennessee, as we sat in a local coffee shop on a picturesque Main Street dominated by church steeples. He then pointed at the large gray bag resting—and occasionally shifting and wheezing—by my feet, which he knew surreptitiously harbored little Vinni. "Take your dog. He's fine in that bag, sure, and safe. And that's like living with all this government or socialism. But I'd rather be a dog roaming and running in a field, and maybe I get kicked in the head by a donkey, but at least I'm free."

In many areas, especially the Deep South, local politics seemed more immediate and important than the competition on the national stage between two well-heeled New Yorkers. In Greensboro, Georgia, when I asked locals for their opinions of the election, they immediately started discussing the race for county sheriff, not president. For many, the small-scale corruption and nepotism they had seen in local politics had bolstered their lack of faith in government—and an accompanying desire for less of it on every level.

Start looking for it and you'll find this oppositional attitude—a bedrock American value—everywhere you look.

When I arrived in Pensacola, a Navy town on Florida's Panhandle, the top news stories were Brexit and the Orlando shooting, and the rain was coming down so hard I couldn't see anything but water outside my window. The local radio station informed me that they played "more hits than regulations allow," and inside a coffee shop where I took shelter, a regular patron and the barista bemoaned that EPA regulations precluded them from pumping the water out of their overflowing parking lot—something to do with being so close to the ocean.

Lucinda in Pensacola

This is where I met Lucinda, a recently retired woman with bright red hair and an open smile that, in combination, reminded one of The Facts of Life's Mrs. Garrett. She invited me to her home, a shotgun affair with a pool, and served me homemade egg salad and coffee cake while Vinni and her large black cat stared each other down and punctuated our cordial political chatter with discomfiting battle cries.

Lucinda considered herself a feminist—or at least a pioneering woman, as I don't think she loved that word. In her youth, she had been the only female pilot working at a small aviation company in the south of the state, and had then gone on to get a veterinary degree and help found Pensacola's first wildlife refuge—often spending her nights wrastling errant gators who had wondered too close to town into cages and shuffling them off to safety.

Despite her environmentalist leanings, despite her support of gay rights—though she thinks gay marriage should be left up to the states—she backed hardcore conservative Ted Cruz during primary season, and when we spoke, she thought the Texas senator would be on the ballot "one way or the other," either as a Republican or an independent. And if he wasn't? Well, she really wasn't sure who she'd vote for then, as she thought Trump was a "cartoon character" and a "not a very good person," but that Hillary Clinton had committed numerous—and severe—crimes that she had not been held accountable for.

But I wanted to ask about her support of Cruz, who, like many Republicans, opposes gay marriage and a lot of environmentalist policies. She didn't think those issues were the most critical topic in 2016. What was? Terrorism and getting the good-paying jobs that were once in Pensacola, but had long since vanished, back. Why was she a Republican? "Oh, I don't know," she said. "My parents were. It's just what you are."

Democrats, she said, aren't focused on the right things. "They're just talking about social issues," she said. "But right now, our country is in trouble. And I'm scared. We're in debt, and we aren't as strong as we used to be. It's like Play-Doh, where it's growing soft in the center and slowly dissolving over the edges."

It's not just conservatives who have lost faith in institutions. Due to the perception, whether founded or not, that the Democratic Establishment tilted the primary field in Clinton's favor, some of Bernie Sanders's most ardent fans spent much of 2016 passionately protesting that Establishment. And they aren't the only ones on the left who are full of anger and despair.

Brittany in Dallas

As I stood on a street corner in downtown Dallas on July 9, the day after a sniper attack on police, surrounded by still-flashing police lights, I struck up a conversation with Brittany, a 26-year-old black woman wearing a shirt emblazoned with the slogan, "I Refused. I Refused. I Refused.," and Rosa Parks's picture. She, like many people I met, wasn't much for voting, though she too had done so once—and with great pride—for Barack Obama in 2008, when she was just 18 and full of hope.

But here she and her family and friends were, eight years later, in the same place they'd always been, and she no longer thought her vote would make a difference. But she sure as hell thought Black Lives Matter and what was happening on the streets of her city could. "I don't have any kids, so I'll do whatever it takes," she told me. "If I get pulled over, and it's not justified, I'm not getting out of the car. Even if I get shot. I know my rights. And my generation, we're not willing to accept this, the way things are."

The different angers fueling support of Trump or Sanders or even Black Lives Matter can blur and overlap. In Wassau, Wisconsin, a town of 39,000 surrounded by rolling green farms dotted with red barns and gleaming silos, I met Yee, a 22-year-old second-generation Hmong man with serious eyes and a self-proclaimed love of history. He identified as a Democrat, but didn't believe in voting based strictly on party, preferring to decide based on the individual candidate.

Like many in America, the Hmong community in Wisconsin has been hit with a rash of suicides, increasing drug use, and dwindling job prospects. Yee, an Apprentice fan, initially thought the Trump he'd seen on TV could prove just the leader America needs. Then the anti-immigrant rhetoric started.

Yee's parents emigrated from Laos in the wake of the Vietnam War. Like many Hmong who came here at the time, they were harassed, discriminated against, baselessly accused of being Viet Cong. "I know with ISIS and everything people are scared, but, belonging to a refugee family, I can't bring myself to blame a whole race for what a small group has done," Yee told me.

Though a fan of many of Trump's economic statements and plans, Yee was an enthusiastic Sanders man. When I met him he was, like many Sanders supporters after the primary, tentatively coming around to team Hillary. "Bernie really spoke to the people—especially to younger people, like myself, who have student loans," he said. "What spoke to me most was when he said that the top one-tenth of a percent owns as much as the bottom 90 percent."

The Maine coast

Despite a presidential election that fractured so much of our politics, there's evidence that many Americans want the same things: safer communities, jobs that can support families, a scaling back of the government's war on drugs. Key ballot measures passed on Election Day beefed up gun control in Washington, California, and even libertarian-leaning Nevada; provisions loosening marijuana laws passed in eight of the nine states where they were on the ballot; and voters in Colorado, Maine, and Arizona approved increases to the minimum wage.

Even on social issues like LGBTQ rights, there are signs that Americans are more united than we typically think. Many conservatives I spoke to on the redder side would prefer that our legal unions (and I say "our" because I'm gay) be called civil, not marriage, but still, they thought our relationships deserved legal sanction and protection, which is not nothing.

As for this year's hot-button controversy over whether or not trans people should be allowed to use restrooms that correspond with their gender identity—sparked by the passage of North Carolina's House Bill 2—most conservatives I met told me they could give two shits which bathroom adults used. However, they were more circumspect when it came to kids.

Many were being led to believe that in areas that had implemented a pro-trans-rights bathroom policy, teenage boys could just demand access to the girl's locker room. But once you explained the reality—that we are talking about a relatively small group of students already living their daily lives as a gender other than the one assigned to them at birth, and that it's the trans kids themselves who are in fact the most likely to face violence or assault if forced to enter a stall that does not correspond with their lived gender—most agreed there must be some kind of solution we can find that is safe for all.

It seems to me that more than anything, what makes the divisions between us so stark is that we hear different narratives, are making decisions and assumptions based on entirely different sets of facts. Some people blame this divide on websites that spread hoaxes through social media, others blame partisan cable news—and there's certainly merits to both claims—but the country's media has always been somewhat split along party and regional lines. That is unlikely to change anytime soon.

But if there's a silver lining to the bitter, two-year fight for the White House we've just witnessed, it's that we've seen how many of us are fed up with a system we view as sclerotic and stacked against us. Most people I met were sick of it—the divide, the rancor, the rhetoric of 2016—and very much long to stop the discord, sit down and talk to the other side, and even buy them a beer or make them egg salad sandwiches. (Thanks, Lucinda!)

A beach in Oregon

"In general, people want to do what's right for their families, their communities. And I wish you could help people see that almost always the intent is good," said Sunny, a mother of two, and staunch Democrat, who lives in Florida in a neighborhood that has both Democrats and Republican. "Because if you could assume good intent, and then start the conversation from there, rather than from..." she trails off. Yeah.

And not to sound Pollyanna-ish, but maybe we could try to start our post-election conversation from there? I don't think we can wait for Congress—and Trump—to just wake up one morning, pop a collective Xanax, and start listening to the other side again on their own. So we're going to have to do it without help from the government.

The catch is, I don't have the first idea how we actually do that, get to that tolerant place in the midst of this current shitstorm. I especially don't know how to get there while dealing with the current very real and pervasive threats to the rights and physical safety of so many minorities—including myself, should I walk down the street holding the hand of the woman I love. That's for people smarter and more informed than me to figure out.

But if you're a liberal or a conservative who wants to limit Trump's power or tenure, it seems clear that focusing on our shared priorities, not our differing perspectives, is the first step to building a coalition large enough to ensure Trump is a one-term president.

Does that sound too rosy, as a reality TV demagogue stands poised to muck up the fate of the planet? Maybe I'm being hopelessly American with my relentless faith in the possibility for a better future. But then again, maybe being that hopelessly American is the one thing that can save us from ourselves.

You can read more profiles of the people Scott met while #SearchingForPurpleAmerica on Instagram or Twitter.

Americans Told the World That Trump Won't Stop Progress on Climate Change

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US Secretary of State John Kerry at COP22 in Marrakech, Morocco. Photo by Mark Ralston/AFP/Getty Images

As Friday night became Saturday morning, the 22nd United Nations Climate Change Conference (also known as COP22) wrapped up in Marrakech, Morocco. This conference was a big deal because A) It was the first such conference since the signing of the Paris Agreement—a historic, if imperfect, international agreement aimed at curbing climate change, and B) It was the first such conference since the election of Donald Trump, a climate change denier, as US president.

If you ignored the inconvenient truth of that US election, there was plenty of good news coming out of COP22. On Thursday, representatives from signatory countries adopted the "Marrakech Action Proclamation for Climate, Sustainable Development," a document that mostly declared that now is the time for action, and settled some leftover business from the Kyoto Protocols. More than 100 countries have now signed onto the Paris Agreement, which officially took effect this month.

But looming over all of this was a threat that starts with a T and is coming to a White House near you in early 2017. Donald Trump has signaled that he'll back out of the Paris Agreement altogether, pull the plug on anything in the federal budget relating to climate change, and may appoint an oil executive to be his secretary of interior.

This put the US representatives to COP22 in an odd position, to say the least.

In an interview earlier this month, Tom Steyer a prominent environmentalist and political donor told me that the conference was bound to be awkward for the Americans in attendance, because he had "no idea how you proceed when the most powerful nation in the has decided they don't believe in science."

The answer is: They got through it by acting like everything was going to be OK. Their shared premise was that, basically, capitalism will save us even if the government decides to ignore the most pressing problem facing humanity.

Secretary of State John Kerry spoke Wednesday, and, having most likely scrapped any "We saved the world!" speech he had prepared in the event that Hillary Clinton won the presidency, did his best to soothe the frayed nerves of the rest of the world's environmentalists. "Good things are happening. The energy curve is bending towards sustainability. The market is clearly headed towards clean energy, and that trend will only become more pronounced," Kerry said, adding that "it is a cause for optimism notwithstanding what you see in different countries with respect to politics and change."

Without using any proper nouns that rhyme with "Grump," Kerry asked people in power all over the world to look at the evidence and take climate change seriously. "I ask you to see for yourselves," he urged.

Lower-ranking US officials towed a similar line as they mingled with other attendees at a day of panel discussions sponsored by the US State Department.

Brian Deese, a senior advisor to President Barack Obama, spoke at an event called "North American Mid-Century Strategies for Low-Emission Development," hoping to tout an optimistic White House report projecting markers of climate change progress in the middle of this century.

Deese has been a frequent White House mouthpiece on climate issues. In September, when the US and China jointly ratified the Paris Agreement, Deese told the press that the ratification "should give confidence to the global communities."

His own confidence is now clearly shaken.

Asked at the conference whether the White House's report factored in four or eight years of Donald Trump, Deese punted. "I won't speculate on what the policies of the future administration may look like," he said. He claimed that recent progress in the US isn't "driven by particular policy measures," but by private business benefitting from "renewable tax credits that were enacted by Congress on a bipartisan basis last year."

Robert Bonnie, undersecretary for natural resources and environment at the Department of Agriculture, spoke at an event called "Addressing Climate Change—Agriculture." He told the crowd that progress in regulating the agriculture sector had been effective enough to ensure that sustainability will be on the agenda, even in Trump's America. "There's a lot of forward momentum here, and as I say, we're not always selling this as climate change, because the co-benefits are so high. Agriculture recognizes that there are real opportunities for them," Bonnie said.

Meanwhile, representatives of the private sector spoke at a panel event called "Charting a Low-Carbon Course for the US Economy" and made similar noises when asked how public-private sustainability partnerships would save the world from President Trump's anti-environmentalist plans.

According to Kevin Rabinovitch, sustainability director for the chocolate company Mars, environmentalism is just a sound business move. It "helps people want to come work for us," he told conference attendees. He acknowledged that it's a challenge to get businesses to take an interest in the environment, but he said, "Once you get over that hump, you find that there's gold there."

Cathy Woollums, a lawyer and VP of environmental services at Berkshire Hathaway who was also on the panel, said that the move toward sustainable grids in the energy sector has been cost-effective, and therefore, "It's a win-win-win for everyone. It's a win for the environment. It's a win for our customers. It's a win for us."

"Once we set a direction, and we see value in markets, we continue down that path. So innovation in markets will continue," Nanette Lockwood, climate director at the industrial machinery manufacturer Ingersoll Rand told the crowd.

"Just because of the events of last week, I would not venture to say you would see a huge change in direction from the business community," Lockwood predicted.

Follow Mike Pearl on Twitter.

How Trump Could Make It Way Easier to Carry a Gun Across America

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A version of this article originally appeared on the Trace.

If a man from Utah wanted to drive from Salt Lake City to Virginia Beach with a pistol strapped under his coat and a concealed carry permit from his state in his wallet, he could legally do so—just as long as he takes a 200-mile detour to avoid passing through Illinois, where his Utah concealed gun license won't be recognized.

A concealed carrier from Miami, meanwhile, could drive straight up I-95 without any problems until he got to Maryland, which doesn't accept any out-of-state concealed carry licenses whatsoever.

Replacing this patchwork quilt of what are called "reciprocity" agreements with a federal right-to-carry standard is a top political objective of the National Rifle Association, which spent more than $30 million to elect Donald Trump. The incoming president promised to deliver that change during his campaign, and the NRA has been quick to remind him of his commitment.

The gun group's top executive, Wayne LaPierre, used his first post-election communication with members to repeat his demand for a law that requires states to accept a permit issued by any other state, declaring "the individual right to carry a firearm in defense of our lives and our families does not, and should not, end at any state line."

For many gun owners, the concerns are logistical: Embarking on a road trip with a gun means researching state laws and the possibility of long detours. Carrying a concealed weapon with an invalid permit is a felony offense in many states. Advocates invariably compare concealed carry licenses to drivers licenses: Why is the right to self-defense so limited if Americans can drive across the country with just one license?

But opponents say a federal mandate would force states that exclude people they deem high risk to accept licenses issued in states with looser standards. Existing training requirements for concealed gun permits vary greatly: from quick and cheap online courses, to 16 hours of in-person training with supervised live fire. As the Trace has reported, 26 states will issue a permit without requiring an applicant to demonstrate shooting ability.

Lindsay Nichols, a staff attorney with the Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, argues that the fact that state standards vary so widely gives lie to gun rights proponents drivers' license analogy. She points out that states recognize one another's drivers licenses because "states have almost uniformly adopted strong standards with regards to driving. They require drivers tests in a uniform manner in a way that doesn't apply to guns."

Many states also allow people who live elsewhere to apply for their license—and easy-to-obtain licenses draw applicants nationwide. Utah's requirements, for instance, are seen as among the laxest in the nation. And two-thirds of all people with a Utah-issued permit now live out of state.

In short: Under national concealed carry reciprocity, states that impose high bars through their own permitting systems could be undermined by the loose standards in place elsewhere.

"I would have a grave concern about the public safety effects," says Douglas Gansler, a former Maryland attorney general who in 2012 joined nine other state attorneys general to condemn an earlier federal reciprocity bill. "The people of Maryland don't want lots of people walking around the state while armed."

Gansler's home state has one of the strictest concealed carry licensing standards in the country. Maryland goes further than barring people with felony and domestic violence conviction records from obtaining a permit. It also refuses to issue licenses to anyone with an alcohol or substance addiction, or to those who police have previously determined have a "propensity for violence or instability," even if they have never been convicted of even a low-level offense, such as public drunkenness. The biggest barrier to getting a concealed carry license in Maryland, though, is that even an applicant as clean as Mr. Rogers must still demonstrate a "good and substantial reason" for needing to carry a concealed weapon. A simple desire for "self defense" does not meet that standard.

If the applicant clears Maryland's requirement, he or she must still complete 16 hours of state-approved firearms training, and undergo another eight hours of training every two years to renew the permit. Because so few states have standards this strict, Maryland has no reciprocity agreements, and very few license holders overall: only 14,000, as of 2014.

Across the Potomac, licensing standards are much more lax. Virginia may reject applicants who fail specific criteria—two or more convictions for non-traffic related misdemeanors in the past five years, or public drunkenness within the past three years—and law enforcement officials can block permits by submitting a written declaration that he or she is likely to use the weapon unlawfully or negligently. But permit seekers don't need to prove they have any substantial reason to need a concealed weapon. They can demonstrate firearms competency by just completing a brief online class.

Virginia, which issued more than 64,000 permits in 2014, the last year for which data is available, has granted concealed carry rights to some eminently unfit people. In 2006, Jeffrey Speight's mental health began deteriorating, say family members and attorneys hired to put his assets in trust in light of his condition. Nonetheless, in 2009, he successfully applied for a concealed carry permit. The next year, Speight killed eight people and forced a police helicopter to land by shooting out its fuel tank in a rampage through the town of Appomattox.

Virginia's attorney general, Democrat Mark Herring, has tried to clamp down on concealed carry reciprocity, briefly canceling agreements with other states last December before being overruled by a deal between Governor Terry McAuliffe, also a Democrat, and Republican state legislators. Herring's move prompted a scramble for Utah permits by Virginia concealed carriers who wanted to insure they could travel around the country while armed, regardless of how their home state's policy may change.

Utah is one of three states—the other two are Florida and Arizona—seen as the best option for gun owners who are looking for a widely accepted permit that is easy to obtain. Each allows their holder to carry concealed in 31 total states, though the list varies by state.

Check out the episode of 'California Soul' about DIY guns.

Some states have even looser standards, but pose other drawbacks for gun owners with wanderlust. Pennsylvania, for example, will grant a permit to anyone who can pass a standard background check, but does not provide the same level of reciprocity.

Firearms instructors around the country, in places far removed from the sunbelt or mountain west, offer courses that allow anyone to apply for a non-resident permit from Utah, Florida, or Arizona, sometimes combining multiple licenses into a single training.

Charlie Cook is a firearms instructor in central Massachusetts. He says "it's a toss-up" between Utah and Florida as to which is the most useful and popular non-resident permit, but he and his customers may give the edge to Utah for its minimal standards. Obtaining a license from the state means submitting fingerprints, paying a $47 fee, and taking a four-hour safety and law class.

Florida charges $102 for its license, and instructors must actually witness applicants safely discharge a gun.

Utah licenses have soared in popularity. In 2015, the state issued 78,332 licenses to out-of-state residents, nearly twice as many as it issued to people who live in-state. That's a huge increase from 2001, the earliest year for which data is available, when slightly fewer than 8,000 licenses, representing 12 percent of the total, went to out of state residents.

In comparison, Ohio—a state nearly four times as populous as Utah issued about 7,000 fewer licenses in total in 2015 than Utah gave to just to out-of-state residents.

Michael, a 25-year-old Westchester County, New York, resident who asked his last name not be published, applied for his Utah permit this October. He chose a Utah license, he says, "because it has the best reciprocity in the nation." His New York permit only allows him to bring his gun to the range and back, but once his Utah permit is processed, he says, "I will carry in whichever state I'm legally allowed to carry. Once Trump is officially in the White House, I'm looking forward to the national CCW Permit."

The NRA backs legislation creating national reciprocity written by Texas Republican senator John Cornyn and a House equivalent submitted by Indiana Republican Marlin Stutzman. Neither version advanced out of its respective committee during the current Congress. In 2011, a similar reciprocity bill passed in the House on a vote that mostly fell along party lines, but died in Senate committee. The bill was reintroduced to the House in 2013, but never received a vote.

Cornyn's bill simply states that anyone with a concealed weapons license in their home state will also able to legally carry in any other that allows any kind of concealed carry—which is all 50 of them. The bill imposes no minimum standard for training, nor does it say what kind of criminal history would prohibit someone from enjoying reciprocity.

The legislation would allow people from states with low standards to carry in other states where they wouldn't be able to qualify for such a license.

A law like Cornyn's would undermine "state's rights to their own public policy," says former Maryland attorney general Gansler. Marylanders were clear they wanted to closely scrutinize just who carries a hidden weapon in public in their state, even if nearby states were not so concerned.

"The issue has come up in every Maryland legislative session, and it's voted down every time," he says.

A version of this article was originally published by the Trace, a nonprofit news organization covering guns in America. Sign up for the newsletter, or follow the Trace on Facebook or Twitter.

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Please Calm Down About Kellie Leitch

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This is not Donald Trump. Photo via CP.

Everybody needs to calm down about Kellie Leitch.

Look, I get it. We're all a little on edge at the moment. A billionaire supervillain peddling the refreshing taste of Diet Fascism was elected President of the United States and the world, generally, seems to be spinning off its axis.

For the time being, though, Canada's fine. Ish. A big ish. We're a year into Justin Trudeau's mandate and all signs point to most Canadians digging on the country's new image as the Dudley Do-Right of international liberalism. (Pay no attention to the colonialism behind the curtain).

But media abhors a Canadian Content vacuum. So in the absence of any interesting political drama in this country we're giving a hilarious amount of free press to Kellie Leitch, M.D., and her bid to become Canada's Donald Trump.

This proto-fascist fire would probably burn out faster if we stopped giving it oxygen. This should have happened months ago, when Leitch was barely polling. Even now, as an ostensible front-runner in the Conservative leadership race, this intense scrutiny doesn't make a lot of sense.

Kellie Leitch is not a Donald Trump-like political star. She's soullessly performing—and butchering—Trump's political script in a morally and intellectually bankrupt bid for personal power. Full stop.

Haha, just kidding—we're not going to stop. Leitch's leadership campaign is so absolutely cynical, so thoroughly hollow, that it's genuinely breathtaking. The whole thing is banked on a slim plurality of Conservative voters being A) unspeakably racist, and B) unspeakably stupid.

Read More: We Went to Kellie Leitch's Campaign Launch

The racism gets all the attention, but we really should start by focusing on how dumb Leitch—and her advisors—evidently thinks her base is. You will notice that where Trump was running against "the establishment," Leitch's campaign is deliberately focused on throwing out "the elites" who are keeping the common man down.

It's a subtle but important difference. Before his presidential bid, Donald Trump was literally a world-famous New York billionaire. His argument wasn't against "the elite" as a social category, because that wouldn't make sense—Trump would be the first person to insist he was the most elite, top of the pyramid, really huge assets, just fantastic.

Instead, he was emphatic that America's political establishment was a cesspool of corruption. Mainstream politicians in both parties are in bed with corporate lobbyists and shadowy plutocrats. They're all crony capitalists conspiring together to rig the system in their favour. Trump used to be one of these corporate puppet masters, but now he was going to expose the charade and drain the swamp in order to Make America Great Again. Partly this is a crock of shit (Trump is a scam artist), but it's true enough to be compelling to a large swathe of middle America (the US political system is a scam).

Meanwhile, Leitch is emphasising "elites." Presumably she's not complaining too much about the Canadian political establishment because she was part of that establishment. She served two years in Stephen Harper's cabinet as Minister of Labour and Minister for the Status of Women. She helped roll out the "barbaric cultural practices" hotline in last year's federal election, which turned out to be a much higher-profile announcement than she'd probably hoped.

But she's also a pediatric surgeon, an associate professor at the University of Toronto, and the founding chair of the Ivey Centre for Health Innovation and Leadership. Teaching at the U of T medical school and founding business school programs is extremely elite shit, like only a few steps removed from being named to the British House of Lords, or hanging out in Andrew Coyne's castle on the moor sipping brandy bottled at the Battle of Trafalgar. Leitch either needs to own and weaponize her own elite standing ("I know how these people work, only I can fix it...") or find another angle.

Unfortunately, the other angle is racism. The anti-elitist piece is really just a thin veil for the xenophobia underpinning the campaign. It's a politically-correct punching bag for when you really want to freak out about Muslims. The real bread and butter of Leitch's campaign is ruthlessly screening foreigners for "anti-Canadian Values."

Read More: I Look to Trump's America and See the End

Or it would be, if there was any substance. Leitch, famously, is unable to express to anybody what the fuck Canadian Values are supposed to be and how any of this ambiguous new immigration system would actually be administered.

The few statements we have on the record about this all boil down a half-hearted defence of liberal tolerance, which is shocking in its absolute banality. The post-1982 Canadian political universe is based around the idea of multiculturalism bounded by liberal laws and norms. (Writing about this is literally Will Kymlicka's career). Boiled down to its substance, Leitch's "Canadian Values" pitch doesn't make sense except as a cipher for xenophobia.

Case in point: former immigration minister Chris Alexander, who rolled out the "barbaric cultural practices" hotline alongside Leitch in last year's election, has emphasized that the immigration system is already set up to screen for problematic applicants. Say what you will about Alexander (and his current redemption tour on the CPC leadership circuit), but as the ex-minister for immigration, he probably knows a little bit about what's up.

There is no actual policy, no legitimate depth to any of this—just Kellie Leitch hoping that the Trump formula of throwing a lot of racist bluster at people will propel her into Stornoway. But where The Donald had 30 years of rep and an obscene, perverse charisma, Leitch is... ghoulishly forgettable. She's got Rob Ford's old campaign manager and "a script she found on the floor of a suburban Boston Pizza" and that's about it.

Anyway, the fixation on Leitch as the Canadian Trump is overblown and totally bogus, and tells us more about the dearth of high political drama in Trudeau's Canada than anything else. Despite all our breathless coverage of her leadership campaign, I don't think she's going to win.

Here's the thing: Kellie Leitch is closer to the mark than she knows. I don't think she genuinely believes any of the things she's saying, which prevents her from being actively dangerous. But like in America, where Donald Trump has tapped into the deep well of white supremacy baked into the institutional and cultural foundations of the country, it's very easy to make a case for a white nationalist reading of Canadian Values.

For those of you unfamiliar with Canadian history, this country is super racist. The Fathers of Confederation took as many intellectual cues from John Calhoun as from Walter Bagehot. British North America was always meant to be a "Kingdom for the Northern Races."

Canada was founded as an explicit rebuke to the ideals of American mass democracy. Canada loves elitism because as far as the Fathers were concerned, it's what separates us from the mongrels. Why do you think we appoint the Senate?

Most of those reading this have grown up after the Pearson-Trudeau cultural revolution of 1964-1982 and know Canada for its commitment to group rights and official multiculturalism and warm, fuzzy notions of progressiveness. But for any aspiring race-baiter looking to wrap themselves in the flag, there's plenty of material to work with.

You can tell Kellie Leitch is a hack because she wound up on the cover of Maclean's holding the Maple Leaf. A demagogue who really cared about Canadian Values would be holding the Red Ensign.

And when that person finally and inevitably does appear, I have no doubt the media apparatus will put them at the centre of our national conversation, too.

Follow Drew on Twitter.


'Search Party' Provides an Intriguing, Binge-Worthy Mystery

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Similar to a number of television series that revolve around 20-somethings (especially those who live in New York City), Search Party is about the endless search to try and figure out what you're meant to do in life. Dory (Alia Shawkat) succinctly sums it up in the pilot episode, during a job interview: "Everybody can tell me what I can't do, but nobody can tell me what I can do."

Dory is frustratingly passive, falling behind her friends and working as a personal assistant to a rich woman (Christine Taylor) who's looking for more of a friend than an employee. Dory's looking for something to jumpstart her life—her loyal but stale boyfriend Drew (John Reynolds) isn't much help—and she finds it, curiously enough, in a missing persons poster featuring an acquaintance from college. Chantal's disappearance (and the shrugging response it elicits from Dory's friends) causes Dory to turn Chantal's trauma into her own, turning herself into the victim instead of Chantal—a realistic reaction to expect from a sorta-narcissist who becomes more self-involved as she becomes more consumed with finding Chantal and less with the feelings of those around her.

Dory's fascination with Chantal isn't because they were close friends—it's because she can't help but wonder what would happen if she herself went missing. Focusing on this mystery also helps Dory to ignore her own stagnant, immobile life: "This matters to you because you have nothing else," says Dory's ex-boyfriend Julian (Brandon Micheal Hall), bluntly—but not inaccurately.

Despite the show's vaguely existential feel, Search Party is very much a comedy (it was co-created by Michael Showalter, alongside Sarah-Violet Bliss and Charles Rogers) of the twee, Brooklyn-centric, whimsical kind that mines at-times uncomfortable laughs from New Age cults and nosy neighbors. There are supporting characters like Dory's friends Portia (Meredith Hagner), an actress on a ridiculous and familiar crime procedural, and Elliott (John Early), a self-diagnosed narcissist who basically plays a real-life version of Clue during an otherwise somber vigil. The best comedic sequences—a misguided dinner party, an angrily tossed milkshake—are often and almost inconsequential to the show's central mystery.

Search Party's brand of humor fits neatly into TBS's continued effort to promote strange, unconventional sitcoms: There's Jason Jones and Samantha Bee'sThe Detour, a chaotic family road trip comedy with elements of government conspiracy; Wrecked, a comedic take on Lost that still works despite its dated premise; and People of Earth, a Conan O'Brien–produced sitcom about alien abductees. In the oft-mentioned era of peak television, it's not just television shows that are tasked with distinguishing themselves from the fray—the networks themselves have to figure out how to be noticed, too.

It's likely the reasoning behind many network rebranding efforts of recent years. TV Land previously relied on taking 90s-era sitcom stars and plopping them into new environments, but it's since switched gears with decidedly more crass and youth-skewing shows like Younger and Teachers. Last year, Lifetime branched out with UnREAL, while USA strayed from pun-titled procedurals for prestige-baiting dramas like Satisfaction and Mr. Robot. Even Syfy's bounced back from its embarrassing 2009 name change with a successful adaptation of12 Monkeys and television's first entrant in the "creepypasta" genre, the eerie (and great!) Channel Zero: Candle Cove.

TBS—which once boasted the tagline "Very Funny," despite programming that suggested otherwise—has been known for prioritizing questionable syndicated repeats (Family Guy, 2 Broke Girls, The Cleveland Show) over original scripted programming. By eschewing some of its blander, forgettable shows (Men at Work, Sullivan & Son) and focusing on comedies that aren't as broad in appeal, the network's learning how to become more FX and less CBS—to stand out with high-quality programming instead of churning out programs simply to fill a schedule.

It also helps that TBS is giving Search Party a unique rollout (not dissimilar to Angie Tribeca's "binge-a-thon") on Thanksgiving week, premiering two episodes a night all week—ten in total—while also providing the entire series for streaming and on-demand tonight. It's a Netflix-esque move, and for good reason:Search Party is ultimately more about the journey than the destination—a sentiment underlined during the series's sure-to-be-polarizing final moments, which cleverly and surprisingly play with both television conventions and viewer expectations.

Search Party isn't a patient series; similar to how the mystery sucks in Dory's friends, it also sucks in the audience, and even if you find the characters or the overt quirkiness irritating, you'll still want answers. Search Party's mere existence, too, is proof that TBS is actively searching for a new audience—and if nothing else, it'll make viewers pay a little more attention to everything else TBS is currently offering.

Follow Pilot Viruet on Twitter.

What Young Black Men Can Expect from President Trump

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The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 was followed in relatively short order by a century of Jim Crow, a time sometimes referred to as white redemption. So in some ways it's unsurprising that America's first African American president will be succeeded by a man who was endorsed by the official newspaper of the Ku Klux Klan.

Donald Trump waged a bitter campaign defined by flagrant appeals to bigotry. In doing so, he gave voice to a seething white rage at the heart of this nation's broken social contract and its legacy of racial discrimination and violence. His promise to "Make America Great Again" was arguably an assurance to poor white voters to make America white again—a welcome message for those who saw Obama's ascendance as a threat to their dominance.

Now history suggests African Americans—and black men, in particular—may be relegated to a modern three-fifths compromise, one in which neither Black Lives nor Black Votes Really Matter.

Last week, Trump appointed Stephen Bannon, the former chairman of Breitbart News, as White House chief strategist and senior counselor. The man has a long history of publishing anti-Semitic, racist, and xenophobic propaganda—and oversaw Breitbart's evolution into an echo chamber for white nationalists.

But Trump's pick for attorney general, Alabama Senator Jeff Sessions, may be even more disturbing. The man's career was nearly derailed by accusations of bigotry: In 1986, the Senate Judiciary Committee denied him a federal judgeship after a black former prosecutor testified Sessions referred to him as "boy" and warned him to "be careful what you say to white folks," among other glaring throwback remarks.

Not that this is anything shocking: As a candidate, Trump gave young people of color—and black men in particular—plenty to worry about. He routinely made the Nixonian declaration that he was the "law-and-order candidate," a transparent suggestion that he will defer to police authority over the rights of regular citizens. He has openly criticized the Black Lives Matter movement and encouraged violence against protesters at his rallies.

Trump is also a champion of New York's "stop-and frisk" program—which was deemed unconstitutional because it targets black and Hispanic males, despite evidence that white males were more likely to be in possession of drugs and other contraband. He went so far as to suggest Chicago adopt the failed practice, routinely conflating minorities with "inner-city" violence and lack of education.

The president-elect has apparently been honing this racial animus for decades now. In the 1970s, Trump was sued by the Justice Department for discriminating against African American tenants in his New York properties. He was compelled to settle after the government uncovered evidence his company had violated the Fair Housing Act. In 1989, Trump led the charge against the Central Park Five—a group of black and Latino teenagers falsely accused of raping a white female jogger. Trump purchased full-page newspaper ads suggesting the young men be executed, and despite the fact they have since been exonerated thanks in part to DNA evidence, Trump continues to purport their guilt.

Of course, it's not unprecedented for a modern American president to be reviled within the black community. But such open enmity for black equality seems like a deliberate attempt to reverse the nation's course of racial progress after eight years under President Barack Obama.

"We live in a country founded on a 'value gap'—with white lives valued more than others," explains Professor Eddie Glaude, chair of African American studies at Princeton and author of Democracy in Black: How Race Still Enslaves the American Soul."We need to prepare ourselves for a more repressive policing regime. This will extend from the kind of policing in black communities, to massive deportations of Hispanics, to concerns about domestic surveillance of Muslims, to the overall debate about mass incarceration of young black men. Trump will do everything in his power to change our current course."

Watch the rapper YG dive into the comments beneath his anti-Trump cut.

It's worth noting that Trump's aggressive rhetoric condemning the Black Lives Matter movement earned him the endorsement of the Fraternal Order of Police—the largest police union in the country. How and whether he will reward them remains to be seen, but the greater concern may not be new programs but inaction on the part of the government.

After all, despite the Washington gridlock that obstructed President Obama's progressive agenda, his Justice Department always served as a de facto watchdog organization on matters of civil and voting rights. For the first time in America's sordid racial history, we had a leader who could say: "If I had a son, he'd look like Trayvon." That mattered for young boys in Baltimore, Ferguson, Newark, Chicago, Detroit, and everywhere in between, who were subject to a national spectacle of police violence.

"What I am seeing in court rooms across the country is the legalized genocide of people of color," says Benjamin Crump, the attorney who represented the families of slain teenagers Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, and Tamir Rice. "We must fight to stop a conservative avalanche of our federal court system. And if police shootings of unarmed black males continue, or vigilantes and white nationalists are emboldened by this election, I believe Trump's administration will simply turn a blind-eye to atrocities."

President Obama also created the "My Brother's Keeper" initiative to help young black men avoid the school-to-prison pipeline—one of many reforms likely to be abandoned by Trump's new administration. (A request for comment from Trump's transition team was not returned prior to publication.)

So as the sun sets on Obama's presidency and a Justice Department helmed by its first two black leaders ever—Eric Holder and Loretta Lynch—quickly fades to memory, African Americans are left to wonder: Who will be our brothers' keeper now?

"The best I can hope is that Trump campaigned in poetry, but will govern in prose—though I am not that optimistic," Cornell William Brooks, president and CEO of the NAACP, tells VICE. "The president-elect is a con-artist and a snake-oil salesman who panders to the least common denominator. That means his policies—when we finally get to see them—might not reflect the things he has said or done. But even that is dangerous, because it proves Trump cannot be trusted."

Edward Wyckoff Williams is a television producer, correspondent, and writer living in New York City. Follow him on Twitter.

Why Every Canadian Author Has an Opinion About a Campus Sex Assault Case

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'Orenda' author Joseph Boyden may have started this take-fest. Still via Youtube

If you walk into a bookstore in Canada, chances are you're going to hear about a local author who has an opinion about sexual assaults and how universities should investigate them. And if you read Canlit in 140 characters, you'll have also spotted righteous subtweets with the hashtag #ubcaccountable.

At this point, it's easier to count the Canadian authors who haven't weighed in on the firing of the University of British Columbia's former creative writing chair Steven Galloway. Eighty-plus of them signed an open letter last Monday defending Galloway's "right to due process"—though nearly a dozen of them have since removed their names over criticisms of intimidating complainants. (More on this later).

International award-winners Lawrence Hill and Margaret Atwood have each penned impassioned op-eds, and now a counter-letter is beginning to circulate. So many are the takes, that one former student has started tracking the team switches in a Google doc titled "THE GREAT CANLIT CIRCLE JERK OF 2016."

You may be left wondering why so many Canadian authors feel qualified to comment on how campuses investigate accusations of assault, or why they're so intensely divided. Some have come out as survivors of assault. Many others say their primary connection to the case is a professional and/or personal relationship with the accused. Nearly all of them fully acknowledge their understanding of the events is incomplete.

To make sense of why New York's literati is now joining in, sending yet more open letters to UBC, you have to go back to June 22. That's when Galloway was fired for "irreparable" breach of trust following an investigation into sexual assault, harassment, and bullying allegations. Most details of the investigation are sealed by privacy legislation. A heavily-redacted report substantiated one of the complaints, but not the most serious one.

The first author to publicly jump to Galloway's defence was Madeleine Thien, who asked the school to remove all mention of her name from any and all university promo materials. She wrote the primary allegation should have been turned over to police, not investigated behind closed doors. She said the confusion and innuendo surrounding the case pushed Galloway to attempt suicide.

...or was it Giller Prize winner Madeleine Thien? Photo via SFU

"I cannot for a moment imagine that any of these events have made the main complainant feel safer, have contributed to her wellbeing, or protected her privacy," reads her letter. "The university has taken a tragedy and turned it into an ugly, blame-filled, toxic mess, destroying lives in the process." Thien was criticized for violating complainants' privacy and misrepresenting their allegations. The women at the centre of the case have more generally criticized how the UBC report represents their concerns.

Read More: UBC Students Aren't Happy About a Canlit Star's Defence of Fired Prof Accused of Sex Assault

If there was something that everyone watching this "mess" seemed to agree on, it was that the school failed everyone involved, including the complainants. And yet the most widely read open letter—spearheaded by Joseph Boyden and signed by half your English major roommate's bookshelf—focuses only on how Galloway was denied fair treatment. It reads like a loud and sustained mourning for his damaged reputation, and does not acknowledge how courts fail assault victims.

These two omissions are what has kicked the debate into overdrive. Critics say the letter serves to flaunt Galloway's far-reaching industry connections, and discounts the women who reported harassment.

Atwood clarified in the Walrus that she thought both sides were wronged, before comparing the investigation to the Salem witch trials. Sheila Heti, Miriam Toews, Camilla Gibb and others decided to withdraw their signatures from the open letter. A dozen others, including David Cronenberg, have since added theirs. Lit mags Briarpatch and Quill & Quire have posted Boyden callouts (the former kicking him off a writing award panel), while Room Magazine hosted an account of author Jen Sookfong Lee's traumatic assault. Suffice to say, this is shaping up to be Canada's literary beef of the century.

Meanwhile, VICE spoke to UBC students who expressed frustration that authors and filmmakers were dominating the discussion, when they're not the ones experiencing or reporting campus assault, nor do they know details of the case. English student Amanda Wan urged the Canlit pontificators to withdraw the open letter. "I hope they will acknowledge the work that is already being done by those who are most marginalized and vulnerable to the rape culture that this open letter failed to address," she told VICE.

If you're still unsure what Galloway did wrong, that's because most of this is sealed and still being investigated. Galloway is fighting his firing, and UBC is now opening the case in arbitration. Depending on your perspective, this knowledge vacuum has either made a strong case for how difficult it's become to defend any man accused of sexual assault (see: Atwood's witch trial analogy), or demonstrated a need for more transparency in future cases.

In answer to those who argue Galloway didn't do anything, author Kim Fu has pointed out we know Galloway did have undisclosed sexual relationships with students, and had the power to make decisions about their employment within the university. Though that's not something that breaks the law, the conflict could lead to "disciplinary measures" according to school policy. "I believe women; I stand with them. But let's say I didn't," she wrote. "A fireable offense is not the same as a criminal one."

Thankfully nobody has started a flame war over calls for truth and justice, as Lawrence Hill did Friday. "I refuse to join any social movement that silences and hurts women who have brought forward complaints related to harassment or assault," he wrote.

"I don't know what truly happened in the case of this writer and his accusers. The matter is still under review. I hope that the facts come to light and that justice is served. The process must be fair to all. To the writer, and to his accusers."

Follow Sarah on Twitter.

Westworld: The Robots Are Finally Ready to Rebel on 'Westworld'

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Warning: Spoilers to episode eight ahead.

Eight episodes in, Westworld is still a bit of a grab bag. Each episode has something for everyone: a little sci-fi philosophy here, a little Wild West shootout there, a sprinkle of robo-human romance, a dash of slasher horror. If you are looking for a single flavor, the show might disappoint you, as it doesn't even have a single protagonist or storyline with any primacy over the others. But if you're happy to watch the show toss a bunch of different stories and styles together and not worry if they all come together, then Westworld should leave you with plenty to chew on.

If there was a common thread to episode eight, "Trace Decay," it is that the robot leads—Teddy, Bernard, Dolores, and Maeve—are all getting a little sick of the games and looking ready to rebel. And one of them just got the power to.

Strangling Up a Few Loose Ends

We last saw Bernard (Jeffrey Wright) braining his former lover Theresa (Sidse Babett Knudsen) after being revealed as a robot. He's shaking with the ramifications of both as Ford (Anthony Hopkins) tries to calm him. "I will not help you," Bernard says, but Ford can wipe out that rebellion like an annoying pop-up ad with the click of a button.

After cleaning up all traces of physical and digital clues linking Ford and Bernard to Theresa's death, they have a little heart-to-heart about some of the show's themes. Bernard wants to know what makes a human a human. If we can only experience things in our mind, is there really any difference between the "fake" memories of the robots and the "real" memories of humans? Ford waves the question away. "There's no threshold that makes us greater than the sum of our parts... We can't define consciousness because consciousness doesn't exist." Humans are robotic in their behavior, Ford explains, stuck in "loops as tight and as closed as the hosts," so, like, what's the difference, man? Well, easy enough for the guy who can erase all your memories to say. As Ford does so, we do get the answer to one loose end: It was Bernard who attacked and strangled Elsie in episode six. He doesn't seem very happy to remember that.

Maeve's Rebellion

While Bernard is losing his memories, Maeve (Thandie Newton) is getting them back. She can't stop recalling her previous life that was violently interrupted by the Man in Black (Ed Harris). One of the hapless technicians explains that—despite Ford's claims—the hosts experience memory differently. "When we remember things, the details are hazy. Imperfect. But you recall memories perfectly. You relive them."

Maeve forces Felix and Sylvester to give her yet another upgrade after they argue yet again about whether they should (humans and hosts aren't the only ones stuck in loops here) and then she's ready "to recruit my army." Maeve's latest upgrade allows her to control the robots in the park by speaking to them in the third person, as if narrating a short story. It doesn't make the most sense, but it provides a fun, comical sequence where Maeve walks around foiling the park's usual storyline as she talks and manipulates the other hosts, Jedi-like. Sadly for her, headquarters takes notice.

Maeve hasn't recruited an army yet, but there seems to be not shortage of robots yearning to break free. If Maeve comes across Bernard, will she free him to let Ford know how he really feels about being made to kill both his protégé and his lover?

Let's Do the Timeline Warp Again

By now it's clear that William and Dolores's adventures are taking place in the past and Dolores's mind is skipping around between different timelines. Sometimes, William and the scenes they encounter disappear with the blink of an eye. Is Dolores in the main timeline wandering to the outskirts by herself, reliving her early adventures with William?

The pair arrive at an empty town, which, in her memories, is populated with early hosts being taught how to dance by technicians in lab coats. Then everyone is gunned down, seemingly by Dolores herself. In the present—or the present with William at least—she wonders if she's going completely mad. Before they can figure it out, William's asshole brother-in-law catches up with them. "Man, are you two fucked!"

Human Hard Drives

Most of people at headquarters buy the story that Theresa fell into a ravine while trying to smuggle data out of the park, but executive Charlotte Hale (Tessa Thompson) knows something is up. "It's a disappointing end to her story, isn't it?" Ford smirks, before pivoting to reinstate Bernard. Hale allows this, but recruits Lee Sizemore (Simon Quarterman)—who is angry his cannibal-bot isn't eating a leg sensually enough—to help her out. Hale wants to upload all of the park's data into the decommissioned Mr. Abernathy—Dolores's original father, who lost it after seeing the photograph from the future—and then smuggle him out of the park. She needs Sizemore to program him to seem human enough to get by the guards.

It's Rigged!

No, not the election, but the whole park according to the Man in Black. He and Teddy are still searching for that maze, and they come across a pile of slaughtered hosts, including one who is still breathing: the host who greeted William in episode two (Talulah Riley). "I figured they retired you," the Man in Black says, giving yet another clue that the Man in Black is William on a different timeline.

While they don't find the maze, they do find an armored dude in a soldier's uni and minotaur horns. The Man in Black is able to kill him with Teddy's help, but not before Teddy himself starts reliving old memories. Specifically, memories of the Man in Black killing him and dragging off his love Dolores. Teddy knocks him out, ties him up, and demands to know what his damn deal is. Ed Harris spits out his Twitter bio resume: "A god. A titan of industry. Philanthropist. Family man." But then he starts to actually explain some things. He always thought of himself as the good guy until his wife committed suicide and his daughter told him that she'd been living in "sheer terror" every day. He came back to the park to see if he really was a monster inside (surprise: he is!) and murdered Maeve and her daughter to prove it.

Somehow killing Maeve clued him into the maze, but before we learn more, the host stabs Teddy, revealing herself to be one of Wyatt's men. Then the rest of his creepy goons emerge. The Man in Black—like Teddy, Maeve, William, and Dolores—is left with the bad guys closing in and the answers seemingly in reach. There are only two episodes left to see who survives.

Follow Lincoln Michel on Twitter.


Take the 2017 Global Drug Survey

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Photos via Flickr users neur0nz, Valerie Everett, and Dr. Brainfish

This year in Canada is a notable and complicated one for drugs. We're on the verge of legalizing recreational cannabis, but we're also in the middle of the opioid crisis. Because of recreational drugs being contaminated with fentanyl, many of us who casually use are faced with the fact that there may have never been a more dangerous time to do a bump of coke or take a cap of MDMA on the weekend. Learning the basics of harm reduction is critical during these troubling times, but another thing we should all be doing right now is contributing to data collection that can help us better understand how drug use manifests in our society.

Enter the Global Drug Survey, which VICE Canada has partnered with this year. It's completely anonymous and confidential, and it's the biggest survey of drug use patterns in the world. This year, in its sixth iteration, the Global Drug Survey hopes to reach 150,000 respondents across the globe. It's incredibly important, and it will probably only take about 20 minutes of your time.

CLICK HERE TO TAKE THE GLOBAL DRUG SURVEY.

VICE spoke with the founder of the Global Drug Survey, Dr. Adam Winstock, to ask him what the survey is like this year.

VICE: I'm a big fan of the Global Drug Survey and took it last year. What's changed this year?
Adam Winstock: The first thing is format—it's a new platform, so you can fill it in on your smartphone or tablet. Number two is that it's now split into a core survey (which is about 20 minutes for most people) and at the end of that, you're given the option if you want to do some of the specialized topics.

What are those specialized topics that you have the option to complete?

  • Cannabis law reform—we're basically going to ask a quarter of a million cannabis users around the world how they want to see cannabis regulated in their country.
  • Medicinal use of cannabis
  • Drug vaping—not vaping cannabis, but vaping anything else: 2-CB, crystal meth, DMT, etc.
  • Psychedelics

People can pick and choose which ones they want to invest time in. We're hoping they'll find it quicker and easier than in the past... We also now have continuous data submission; even if people drop out , we will retain their data.

How many people took the Global Drug Survey in Canada last year?
Probably around 1,500... It's such a good time to get that information as a baseline from Canada now on issues of cannabis law reform and medicinal cannabis.

Will there be a section on opioids? Canada is currently in the middle of a public health crisis caused by opioids.
For the last three years, we've had a huge section on prescription drug use and misuse, and we've left it out this year just to give it a break... We'll have data on levels of use of prescription opioids, but we won't have all of the stuff we had last year. We will put prescription drug use in next year, but this year, the bit that would be relevant is under the medicinal cannabis section. We're asking people about what the effect of their medicinal cannabis use is on other treatments and medications, like opioids.

You mentioned there are going to be some questions around stigma of drug use in the survey this year. Can you tell me about that?
We're particularly interested in getting that as a baseline. We'll be asking who knows you smoke: family, coworkers, friends, etc. How often do you have to hide it? What I'm really curious about is when you change drug laws, will that actually reduce stigma or will it not? Will it make it easier or more likely for people to seek help? I don't know, but having that as a baseline now is really useful because what that means is we can track the impact of cannabis law reform on things like help-seeking and stigma.


Can you tell me more about this drug vaping section?
We've done a lot on butane hash oil (BHO) in the past... This year, we want to move away from that and look at all the other drugs people are vaping. We want to find out how much vaping is changing what people are using and how they are using. When I mention it, people go, "Oh, you can vape other drugs?" And I go, "Yeah!" We did an essential guide to vaping giving people the science behind vaping... What is it about a drug that allows you to vape it? Not all drugs can be vaped.

What does the psychedelics section contain?
We've done this in collaboration with psychedelic researchers in London and with MAPS. We're looking at three things there. We're looking at microdosing with LSD and mushrooms: How often are people doing it? Is it effective? More importantly, how do you microdose with LSD? The answer is that it's basically trial and error; you get your tab, put it in water, and hope you don't take too much.

We've got a big bit on ayahuasca. What are people's experiences with ayahuasca? Particularly, where did they go to do it? How much did they pay? Were they screened for mental health problems before they did it? Clearly for some people, ayahuasca is this amazing, life-changing experience. Part of me also thinks it's an excuse for a bunch of middle-aged people to get off their face... We're also looking at how people's psychedelic use changes as they get older.

The final bit is we want to try and get to the bottom of what people mean by a "bad trip." We want to try and differentiate between what a difficult experience is versus bad. Lots of people experience difficult things when they trip, but for a lot of people, that's transformative, and that's growth. We're going to get people to identify how often they have difficult experiences with psychedelics, how they managed those difficult experiences. More importantly, thinking about the last time they had a negative experience with psychedelics, would they call that a "bad trip"? I'm hoping what we'll be able to say to everyone is lots of people experience negative things when they're on trips, but overall, that's not a bad trip. Bad trips are really rare, I think.

This interview has been edited for length and clarity.

Follow Allison Tierney on Twitter.

'Heil Trump': Members of the Alt-Right Are Looking Forward to a Whiter America

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On Saturday, more than 300 people—many of them young men in slim-fitting suits and fashionable haircuts—descended on the Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center for the National Policy Institute's (NPI) Become Who We Are 2016 conference. The generically named think tank is the well-dressed arm of the alt-right, a white identity movement that has gained increasing popularity and media attention thanks to the rise of Donald Trump, who many consider represent their views.

The alt-right is distinct from the conservative movement that has dominated the Republican Party for decades, but it's far from a unified organization. Everyone from internet trolls and edge lords to scientific racists and academic white supremacists have found a home in the alt-right, which simultaneously revels in vulgarity and defiance of political correctness and prides itself on its intellectualism. In the short term, these people fervently support Trump's ideas on issues like immigration and a war against radical Islam. In the long term, they seriously want to establish an "ethno-state" solely for white people within the United States.

Photographer Lexey Swall and VICE editor Wilbert L. Cooper were on hand for Saturday's conference, a safe space for white nationalists where they could say things out loud that are mostly only typed on certain message boards and pseudonymous blogs, and even raise their arms in Nazi-esque salutes. Here are what some of the attendees—from movement leader and NPI founder Richard Spencer to reality star turned conspiracy theorist Tila Tequila—had to say:

All photos by Lexey Swall

Richard Spencer is the man who is credited with coining the term "alt-right" as well as the founder of the NPI. The following was taken from his keynote speech:

We are faced with binary choice, fight or flee, join or die, resist or cuck. That is the position of white people right now. Two weeks ago, I might have said the election of Donald Trump might actually lessen the pressure on white Americans. But today, it is clear that his election is only intensifying the storm of hatred and hysteria being directed against us.

As Europeans, we are uniquely at the center of history. We are, as Hegel recognized, the embodiment of world history itself. No one mourns the great crimes committed against us. For us, it is conquer or die. This is a unique burden for the white man, that our fate is entirely in our hands. And it is appropriate because within us, within the very blood in our veins, as children of the sun, lies the potential for greatness. That is the great struggle we are called to. We are not meant to live in shame and weakness and disgrace. We are not meant to beg for moral validation from some of the most despicable creatures who ever populated the planet. We were meant to overcome all of them because that is natural and normal for us. For us, as Europeans, it is only normal again when we are great again. Heil Trump! Heil the people! Heil victory!

Al Stankard is a 29-year-old conference attendee from the Northeast who goes by Harlem Venison online:

I'm not really a white nationalist. But I see anti-racism as a dystopic thing that once gave the benefit of the doubt to the idea of racial differences and has evolved into this stifling dogma that has a scapegoat and that scapegoat is white people and those who are deemed as racist. I see anti-racism as not just bad for whites, but bad for everyone. I'm not a white supremacist, either. Nor do I see myself as that intelligent. I don't see myself as a WASP or whatever. In some ways, I identify with people of color more. But I do think there are different frequencies of different traits in different populations. I feel like this dogma we have that we are all the same is bad for everyone. It is on this basis that we have these unequal cultural policies that penalize white people, create double standards, and has become dystopic.

This Hispanic alt-right follower from Huma, Arizona, asked that we not photograph his face or reveal his name out of fear that he might be attacked by other Hispanics in his hometown for his political beliefs:

If you were a doctor and you denied the genetic difference between races, you'd be fired for malpractice real fast. Did you know, black people's bodies will automatically reject any organ donations from a white guy 20 percent of the time? They're just not compatible genetically. You have different performances in school. Like me, I did terrible in school. But I don't feel inferior to whites. There is always a plus and minus to everything. One thing people don't know is that white Europeans have smaller brains. Even though they are better at developing technology, they don't do too well at a contact sport like boxing because they get brain trauma too easily... I'm inferior in some ways, and superior in others.

This man is a Sikh who worked at the event as one of Richard Spencer's key volunteers. He asked us not to reveal his face or his name:

As a minority in the alt-right, I think ethno-nationalism is important. It is beneficial to everybody, including those who would have to leave or go back home if white Americans made their own ethno-state here in the US. I believe in Japan for the Japanese. India for the Indians. And Europe for the Europeans.

More than half of India is not potty trained—there's no plumbing. Everybody who graduates from top schools from there comes to America. In Punjab, my homeland in northwest India, everyone with a triple-digit IQ moves to the Western world. Well, I think it is a cheap cop-out for the natural elites of these foreign nations to leave their countries and come to an already developed country instead of developing their own country. India is a much worse place because of the brain-drain effect. I see mass immigration today as the imperialism of the 21st century. The Western world robbed everyone else of all their smart people, impeding their ability to develop their own nations. It's time to go back.

Tila Tequila is a 35-year-old who became famous through social networking sites years ago and has become notorious for her Nazi sympathies:

I came to the alt-right around the time I started pondering Hitler in 2013. Hitler did nothing wrong! I feel like there are two sides. I definitely see because the alt-right wouldn't have manifested like this if these people didn't feel like they had been oppressed for so long. These people wouldn't be so extreme and hardcore as they are. The German people were broke, and that is just like middle class of America today. Our middle class has vanished. They feel like no one cares about them. This alt-right thing would not have manifested if there wasn't such a crappy environment to begin with.

Matthew Tait is a 31-year-old who's been a youth leader in nationalists politics in Britain since he was 18:

There is a difference between the alt-right of today and the white nationalism and conservatism of the past. The alt-right is young and forward-looking. The old conservatism and white nationalism was always harking back to a time when people remembered that it was better. So you went to meetings, and there was a bunch of old people and they'd talk about how great life was in the 1950s. That's completely gone now. With the alt-right you have a new generation. I'm 31 and the average age of the group here puts me above the average. These people aren't looking back to the 50s or the 80s, we're looking forward. We're in 2016. We aren't interested in turning the clocks back. We have a different vision of our future, and we have decided not accept the only options that we have been given. Which, like South Park says, is either a giant douche or a turd sandwich. We've said no to both. And we've created our own vision of the future.

Kevin McDonald is the founder of the Occidental Observer, a far-right publication often accused of anti-Semitism. He is 72 years old. He came to the conference to speak on the issue of Jews:

We're all enthusiastic about Trump. We're hoping that to some extent, during his presidency, white identity politics would become normal or legitimate. In some ways, a lot of people have attributed Trump's success to white identity politics. And we're the only ones really talking about white identity politics and have the intellectual rationale and social science to back it up. On the other hand, we've seen signs that they are going to clamp down. The ADL has said that Pepe was just knocked off of Twitter. And so there is a conflict between those who want to ignore the alt-right and put it back in the box and the others who are interested in it.

J.P. Sheehan is a 26-year old who comes from a family of liberals. He's the president of his school's college Republican club, but his views have grown more extreme. This was his first alt-right event:

For me, the alt-right is something so much bigger than cheeseburger patriotism. It is something that I don't believe will replace the GOP, but will definitely overshadow it. I can see the alt-right taking wings and flying away, while the GOP bitterly talks about how they didn't wanna get close to the sun anyway.

What the alt-right is meant to to do is create an aura of normalization for European Americans to feel comfortable being who they are. I don't think a 100 percent white ethno-state is something that is not possible here in America, because the country is so darn big. So I would be fine with the US being 80 percent white. The reason why we want to create in an ethno-state is because mono-ethnic societies allow for a social cohesiveness. Ethno-states are beneficial for all races, because people just want to be among their own.

For the non-whites trying to get into the white ethno-state, I don't think they would be completely barred. It would be more like a "state your business" kind of thing. If there was someone who displayed a high level of agency or a high level of our culture, they could come in.

Jared Taylor was writing and pontificating on the topic of "race realism" long before the emergence of the alt-right. As the editor of the white nationalist magazine American Renaissance, he's seen as a grandfather to the alt-right movement:

Alt-right ideas are going to progress because our ideas are based in a correct reading of human history, are morally unimpeachable, and they explain current events far better than the egalitarian orthodoxy does. That's why when people come to a dissident understanding of race, they never go back. That is because the scales have fallen from their eyes and they understand American racial issues and American society and what's going on around the world so much better than they used to. At the same time, it gives them an avenue to look forward to a nation that reflects their values, race, and future. All of this is encouraging, especially for young whites who have been beaten on for so long as being on the wrong side of history as the bogeyman, as the guys who have done one bad thing after another to every non-white group in the history of the world.

Lucas is a 23-year-old who grew up in around the DC area and is involved with a white nationalist organization called Identity Evropa.

The main issue that draws me to the alt-right is the self determination of the white people and people of European heritage. That is the fundamental core of the alt-right. We run from the political spectrum from anarchists to fascists, but race and white identity is the fundamental issue. Our identity is being eroded in the white countries in North America and Europe.

When I saw Donald Trump win, it was is not of the alt-right, either. But at least he is open to our ideas. One might call him a fellow traveler.

The man who goes by Millennial Woes is from Edinburgh, Scotland. He's in his mid 30s and runs a popular alt-right YouTube channel. He doesn't use his birth name because he feels that would be too dangerous.

Generally speaking, I think individuals just want to socialize with people in their own race because it is less stressful and less confusing. This idea that multiculturalism leads to us to a more worldly view of things... I just don't see that. The idea that you can have blacks and whites together and there will be no tension is nonsense.

That's why you see black people who are starting to agitate for black society in America. And I don't blame them. I understand why they want to do it. I do not hate black people or dislike them. It's just that my first concern is for my group, northwest Europeans.

All of the responses in this piece have been edited and condensed for clarity and brevity. All of these blurbs were acquired through interviews by Wilbert L. Cooper, with the exception of Richard Spencer, whose response was taken from the finale of his keynote speech at the conference.


This Vancouver-Area Road Rage Video Has a Very Embarrassing Soundtrack

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Weak. Screenshot via Global News

It's Monday, it's cold, and there is no shortage of serious news going around about everything that's wrong with the world.

So let's all take a brief respite and gawk at these three jokers who got into a road rage "fist fight" on BC's Lougheed Highway.

Video via Global News

The video, published by Global News, opens with the back of a man in sweatpants marching huffily towards the vehicle in front of him. It's a bit out of focus, but thankfully the song playing in the car of the witness is not and it is a heavily autotuned version of "That's My Girl" by girl group Fifth Harmony. I actually recently saw a very good dance number in a strip club set to "Work From Home," also by Fifth Harmony. It was significantly more badass than this fight.

Anyway, the man reaches two other dudes in the car in front of him and, as the chorus continues to blare "That's my girl" on repeat, he and another guy slap at each other. It's as if they were pandering to the song. Guy Number 2 then takes up a fighting stance as if he's going to throw a punch, but instead kicks out at the man beside him. We can't see if he makes contact because there's a car in the way but based on all the information on hand, I would say he got him just under the knee.

Not a great fighting song. Video via Youtube

A bit more pawing and kicking ensues before the trio make their way back towards a different car (I think it might be Sweatpants') and Sweatpants starts slamming the third guy onto the windshield. Then the other two men gang up on Sweatpants; one of them is holding his hand and trying to push him against the car, but it more or less looks like he's doing a violent square dance move. An angry woman—by far the best fighter of the group—gets out of the car they're smashing into and hits one of the men directly in the face.

Then sadly the clip ends because, according to Global, the "witness stopped filming... to help break up the fight."

Follow Manisha Krishnan on Twitter.

How Old People Are Skewing British Politics

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A UKIP leadership hustings, photo by Jake Lewis

After the EU referendum, it was widely reported that turnout among young people was extremely low – around 36 percent. That turned out to be bullshit. In fact, more young people voted in the EU Referendum – 64 percent of registered 18 to 24-year-olds, rising to 65 percent among 25 to 39-year-olds – than in any general election in recent memory.

However, that's not the whole story, because older people also turned out in higher numbers than initially reported. Among 55 to 64-year-olds, turnout was 74 percent, and for the 65+ group it was an astonishing 90 percent. It was these high turnouts that handed the vote to Leave. If young people had turned out in those numbers, Remain would have won in a landslide.

If politics in 2016 had a theme it would be division. Populist movements are taking advantage of cleavages in society to pit the electorate against each other. Rich against poor, the common man against the liberal elite and anyone they possibly can against refugees and immigrants. But perhaps no division has been as pronounced and uniform as the generational one, with society's young and old becoming increasingly separated over issues, and the old winning repeatedly.

In the 2015 General Election, turnout among 18 to 24-year-olds was 43 percent. Among those 65 and over it was 78 percent. Labour led in the younger demographics, while Tories led with older voters. Once again, it all came down to turnout.

Official demographic data for the US 2016 Presidential Election will not be available until next year, however exit polls indicated a majority of people over 45 voted for Trump, compared to 37 percent of 18 to 29-year-olds. In 2012, turnout among 18 to 24-year-olds was 41 percent, compared to 72 percent among those aged over 65.

This divide is likely to become more apparent due to population ageing. A 2015 UN Report found that between 2015 and 2030, the number of people aged 60 years or over is projected to grow by 56 percent globally, from 901 million to 1.4 billion. This will be most prominent in North America and Europe, where older people are expected to account for more than 25 percent of the population by 2030. In the UK, for example, a 2015 Parliament report found that between 2015 and 2020, when the general population is expected to rise by 3 percent, the number of people aged 65 and over will increase by 12 percent.

This increase would be less of an issue if the working population wasn't decreasing in comparison due to declining fertility rates. In 2014 there were 3.2 people of working age for every person of pensionable age. By 2037, even after planned increases to the state pension age, this will fall to 2.7. This means less tax revenue to pay for bills that are likely to get larger.

One obvious solution to all this would be to encourage immigration to ensure the working age population remained high enough to support the welfare-guzzling baby boomers. The problem is that older generations voted against EU membership and are much more likely to vote for anti-immigration parties like UKIP, making it harder to increase our workforce.

UKIP leader Nigel Farage, photo by Michael Segalov

Older people are more likely to hold conservative views for a variety of psychological reasons. For example, a study found that as the brain ages it becomes slower, meaning older people are more likely to see things in "black or white" terms to improve efficiency, leading to a lower tolerance for ambiguity. This often means they dismiss information that conflicts with their views and act in more prejudiced ways. The open-mindedness required to understand new cultures, lifestyles and situations can also lead to insecurity and self-doubt, whereas conservatism provides familiarity. A 2014 study in the UK found ageing caused a gradual shift of nearly 20 percentage points towards the Conservatives between 20 and 80.

In 2010, researchers at De Montfort University found over half of the constituencies in the UK, including 94 marginal seats, would have a majority of voters over 55. A 2012 study estimated that, by 2021, if turnout rates persist, 60-year-olds will exercise 95 percent more voting power than 18-year-olds.

Dr Craig Berry from the University of Sheffield has researched population ageing and its effect on politics for the Intergenerational Foundation, and believes older people are "certainly" becoming more influential. "Democracy has sort of developed in young societies where young people outnumber old people quite substantially, but that's no longer the case," he says. "In the next ten to 20 years we're going to see that go into reverse quite sharply."

Dr Berry was keen to stress that age demographics do not vote uniformly and that "there's as much of a class divide in benefits from public expenditure within age groups as there is across age groups". He doesn't believe that "older voters aren't going to screw over younger people election after election", but did suggest an older population does currently favour the Conservative Party. "It does seem they are much more popular among older groups, and not just the oldest old, but Baby Boomers in their sixties who are going to be around for decades yet. They're much more likely to be conservative and, as you get older, you're much less likely to change your mind about your political preferences."

The consequences of an older electorate are now well known, with all major parties having to prioritise old voters if they are to stand a chance of winning. Provisions that older generations have gained will likely never be lost. One Parliament report admitted that "older people are more likely to vote; and if they are growing in number, this could make changes that reduce welfare and care entitlements politically difficult".

Dr Scott Davidson, an academic from the University of Leicester who has written extensively on age and politics, believes this has been exacerbated by a lack of planning. "We have all known these changes have been coming – they identified decades ago – but short-termism in politics has meant our society has not truly reflected on how we adjust. I would say certainly that progressive politics in Britain has been wilfully neglectful of this demographic change."

Dr Davidson said he worries that "residue ageist attitudes amongst some on the left" will actually aid the right: "The origins of the movement that set out to stop the state from supporting people in later life by framing this as somehow being unfair to younger people was the neo-liberal Americans for Generational Equity. Right-wing politicians in the US have been using this as an argument to kill off the welfare state for decades. I am now aware of many people, often journalists, who think of themselves as being progressive who are now aligned with the Washington neo-liberals. We all hope to live a long-life, and cutting pensions or health care isn't cutting 'their' pensions or health service; it is cutting 'your' pension and health service. Those who push intergenerational conflict are engaging in a zero-sum game where no one wins. They are useful idiots for neo-liberalism. The better answer is to promote intergenerational solidarity."

While a short-term benefit for the right does seem likely, population ageing is unlikely to have much of a significant impact on long-term social change. Professor James Tilley from the University of Oxford co-authored the 2014 report into how age impacts conservatism. "The relationship between age and these attitudes is quite complicated," he told me. "A lot of the change is partly down to the generational aspect, which is impacted a bit by the ageing population, but most of is just everybody changing. Take something like attitudes towards homosexuality. If you go back not long ago, to the beginning of the 1990s, end of the 1980s, something like two-thirds of people thought same-sex relationships were morally wrong. Today, that'd be more like 20 percent. Everybody's changed to a certain extent, so it's not just a generational change."

This point is highlighted by the Trump and Brexit victories. While older generations formed a core part of the support, the victories weren't entirely down to older generations. Other key factors such as class, xenophobia and economic anxiety were critical to the outcome.

Still, population ageing is rebalancing our democracy towards older generations and causing our society to take a more conservative bent. Of course there will always be divides within age groups, but it seems like the cards could be stacked against young voters for some years to come.

More on VICE:

Youth Services Are Heading for Complete Collapse, According to a New Report

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VICE UK Podcast: Is It Basically Fine to Sleep with Someone If They're Cheating But You're Not?

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Subscribe on iTunes

Our lives are full of moral grey areas; things our parents' generation never had to worry about. Is it OK to send the same line to 10 different people on Tinder? Is it better to tell all your previous sexual partners about an STI individually, or on a group thread? Is it wrong to sleep with someone who's already in a relationship, even if they tell you they're "basically broken up" anyway?

This week on the VICE UK podcast, our team of VICE contributors discuss modern moral quandaries, from cancelling plans at the last minute to wanking over Facebook photos, as we vote on what is and isn't OK any more.

The VICE UK podcast comes out every Tuesday, covering drugs, politics, music, mental health and everything else we can think of. Listen and subscribe on iTunes.

Guys Who Work the Menial Jobs at Westworld Tell Us What It's Like

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'Westworld' is a TV show where a lot of people in really expensive-looking blazer-and-cashmere combos walk around dark rooms a lot pretending Anthony Hopkins isn't going mad. Also, there are robots there. But are they robots, or are they more than that? Hmm. Good question. Who knows.

Anyway, so: who does all the menial jobs in Westworld? Yes, someone has to write the storylines, code the deep and complex personality types of each robot, watch from afar and make sure none of them go too off-piste... but who cleans the toilets? Who stamps the tickets? Who tops up the whiskey bottles that don't get smashed in bar fights? Who changes the bedding? Reader, as always: I am glad you asked.

Here are first person accounts from Westworld's menial workers:

(All illustrations by Dan Evans)


ALEX, 24

Do the robots piss and shit? The robots do not piss and shit. If you were to design a human now – you are God, and you have God-like powers, and you are designing the human race, partly in your own image but mainly not – if you were designing humans now, as God, you would not have them piss and shit.

"Ah," you – as God – are saying, floating in a white abyss, conjuring life into being with a gesture from your ten-fingered hands. "Ah, yes: I should make the creature stop every hour or so to squirt at least one of the two worst-smelling liquids in the world out of its softest, sexiest bits." No.

So the robots do not piss and shit – that we now know. But the robots do drink and eat. So what the fuck. The fuck is: me, with a big long stick with a button on the end, poking it down the gullets of the robots in the quiet hours after they die, trying in vain to provoke a regurgitation reflex.

In olden days, before all this hell, they used to vomit part-way through feast evenings to make space for more food, and this was how they did it – swallowed a button on a string wrapped in velvet and with a feather attached, and then they would sort of pull-push it a couple of times until: sluuuuuuurg. That is the sound I mostly approximate with the sound of throwing up: sluuuuuuurg. I have been doing this job for three years and probably make 40 or 50 robots vomit a night, so I know a lot about it. I have seen robots, dead-eyed and deactivated, be sick so many times. So many times. I have seen thousands of meals get regurgitated. Grits and beans mixed with olde tyme rye. Water and fish and bread. Whole milk, rancid and thick in the heat of the sun. Someone sicked up a finger once. Bullets. A puppy's collar. Casino chips. Money. Sand. Nails.

So it is safe to say I know about vomit. Here are some other vomit euphemisms I have made up over the years: yelling gravy. Having a thick cough. Reviewing the 'Warcraft' movie. Calling your uncle. Day four of a smoothie diet. Ruffling some feathers. Putting the crisps back. Jay Z's 'Monster' verse. I got loads of them. Emptying the rucksack. What if your diaphragm could twerk. What it sounds like when actors talk sincerely about "their craft". Expressing your opinions on Facebook. I have them in a little book. Here, look, one from yesterday: making yoghurt the really, really, really hard way. I got tons.

Sometimes I think how often I was sick before this job. It was maybe once every six months, once every eight months. You can go quite a long time without being sick if you put your mind to it. Then you mix wine with tequila and you're like: sluuuuuuurg. Sometimes you just wake up on day three of a cold and it's like: your body has to evacuate. But now I'm never sick. First week on the job, I threw up a lot. Straight onto the floor. Ronnie, who trained me, used to say: "Get it up, kid. Then wash it up with a pressure hose. Thanks. Thank you." But then you get dead to it. Sometimes I sit in the shower after a shift, as the gauzy pink sun rises over the hills beside me, and think: 'Has this job changed me, at all.' And I put two fingers down the back of my throat and try to be sick and realise yes, yes it has. For $30,000 a year I traded something I never knew I treasured – the ability to be sick, through my mouth and through my nose – for a taste of the glamour of Westworld.

One time I asked if they could just make it so the robots regurgitated food after a voice command and they said, "They could, but they won't."

SAL, 23

You ever been on holiday and run out of money like four days into a seven day trip, even though you took out more than you thought you would at the airport, and you spend half a day in, like, Poland or whatever fretting, like, "What will my bank charge me? Will my bank charge me a fantastic amount to take money out?" and, "Hold on: how did I spend that much money already? All I bought was three taxis, a tray of perogi and two beers. I haven't even bought souvenirs yet!"? You realise, out there, in the wilderness of another country – where you could not be stranger and more lost if you tried – you realise out there a truth about yourself: you are bad with money, and you are bad with the administration of money, and money is a transitive thing to you – forever doomed to touch briefly into your fingers and wallet before vanishing back out again – and you will never get that deposit together, really, will you, if you keep accidentally dropping £80 on taxi journeys and £3 on bottles of Coke. That You Are Not To Be Trusted, when the only person you can hurt with your inability is yourself.

Now imagine you have run out of money in the Old West, where everyone has a gun and is a possibly mad-at-you robot. That is when you come to me.

I hide in an ATM shack cut back between two Westworld brothels and wait there for people to come to me and admit their mistakes. They come to me with empty hands and a sideways smirk that says: "Hey: I suck at poker." They come to me with threadbare pockets and say how they bought a round for all the robots in the bar and "didn't think they actually drank". They lost thousands of Old West dollars on sex robots. We have all been there. Also, I sell Gatorades, because sometimes when you're in the desert you need a Gatorade.

And every single one of them always says to me the same thing: fucking how much to convert real money to Old West money? Fucking how much?

The conversion rate is very bad: roughly 20,000 present dollars to 500 Olde Tyme dollars. This makes the millionaires who can afford Westworld's daily rates just extraordinarily mad, for some reason. The guy who invented the laser pointer called me a "bent cunt" the other week. Richard Branson spat in the sand and called my mother "the worst whore, the worst whore ever in the world". This guy who plays for a Premier League team and was there on a stag do wanted to know if I was "merking him". I'm like, dude, it costs you money to take money out at Disneyland. And at Disneyland you don't even get to fuck Mickey. Like: we got to get money out of you somewhere, to maintain the sex robots. They need washing.

But the worst part of my job isn't that, or recycling sticky Gatorade bottles, or that time Richard Branson got furious and puce and started stomping around in his leather cowboy boots and cowboy hat and got a gun out and bared his horrible large teeth at me and went, "Fuck ya mum, homeboy!" and tried to shoot a nearby beer can but missed: no. The worst part is I can't even go on my iPhone while I'm on a shift. Apparently "it fucks with the robots' sense of reality and they completely go mental" if they see me playing Fruit Ninja on my phone. Fuck this job and fuck the Old West.

NAME WITHHELD, 28

Have you ever used a CMS? A CMS – or Content Management System – is a backend that is ostensibly designed to make the process of data control easier, but actually – because they are designed by committee, and implemented by committee, and coded by a team, and the guy who did the original framework defected to NeanderWorld™ to oversee their server migration, and the woman who replaced him got promoted within six weeks, and she wasn't really replaced but the guy who sort of acted up in her space left, and – because of all that shit, the CMS is basically a very beautiful system that makes every single process of a tech-based job a thousand times harder, and whoever has to maintain it has to comb through lines and lines of janky code, written by dozens of hands in tens of languages, like threads hanging out of the back of an embroidery.

So obviously when some glasses-on-the-end-of-his-nose nerd in a thousand-dollar cardigan creeps up behind me and whispers in hushed tones, "Can you make this CMS... voice-activated?", even though no, that's basically impossible for a 100-man tech team, let alone me and the two interns, you have to just turn to him and say through gritted teeth: "Sure, Bernard."

This is why it's 9PM and I'm still here, in the office, saying "enhance sector" to an un-reactive computer. HR were meant to give me a back rest and a wrist rest, but they haven't. I am meant to take screen breaks every 15 to 20 minutes and I don't. The light in here is really blue and moody because it looks better when you're creeping around a weird underground bunker trying to tranq-dart Thandie Newton, but it's murder on my eyes. I'm pulling 15, 17-hour shifts. Taking my iPad to the toilet with me so I can code when I shit. The bug fix Trello is completely out of hand because I need to develop a voice-activated system that responds to every single one of the accents in this place – even that English guy who sounds like someone drowning James Bond – and it can barely recognise "lights on". This place doesn't even have a union I can fall back on.

Sometimes I sit at my desk and eat a burrito – Deliveroo, inexplicably, has range here, although the guy who has to take a shuttle train and three lifts to make it to my office is never, ever happy about it – and think: 'Could I be doing something else with my life?' I always wanted to travel, you know? I had an interest in art. But then: I dunno. I'm at a really good career spine-point here. Some guys I went to graduate school with still work back home. It's that sink-or-swim thing, isn't it? Do I dive into the unknown abyss, and hope that forces unseen will catch and guide me? Or do I just stay here, where it's comfortable enough, doing 18-hour days talking to a computer? Just another year here. Just one more year. Until my student loan is paid off. Two years, max. Three at the very most. Four years, absolute, absolute maximum. And then I'm done.


ROYCE, 25

I am the guy who makes the same chair up every day. There is a bar fight scene that is triggered really easily – it happens in Sweetwater, in the first bar by the train station, and there is this cowboy playing cards, Big Tex, and essentially if you (a guest) walks in there and says anything beyond "shot of rye, barkeep" he just twitches out and flips the table, and then moves to hit the guy opposite with a beer bottle, then two guys run up and grab him round the shoulders, and then he fully Rages Out and throws one over his back by just bending forward and roaring, and then punches the face of the other, then hits him with a chair – my chair. Day after day. I have rebuilt this thing 200, maybe 300 times. Could be more. The worst was the 157 days in a row he managed to break it over a head.

I say to the guys: "Do you not think it would be cheaper to just replace the chair, every day, than have me painstakingly re-glue it?" And they say no, Royce, glue the chair. There is a fracture in the back left leg that keep splitting – diagonal, down most of the length of it, leading to this sharp long piece of wood that so often takes someone out at the eye – and I say, "Hey, you'd have to rebuild Big Tex's skull and eye less if you replaced the chair." And they get all up in my face and say: "You got a fucking problem rebuilding the chair?" And I say no. They say: "That's fucking right," and then I glue the chair.

Sometimes I look into the glue – it beads, between the fractures, and glistens just for a moment, before I pull at it with a cloth and dab it with a fine mixture of dirt and sawdust, and it fills in just so that you can barely see it ever broke in the first place, but the wound is still there – sometimes I look into the glue, and just see myself, slightly, reflected back, curved and afire with the light, and there is beauty in that moment: the repetition, the coming back to the same chair; nobody has ever loved a chair as carefully and delicately as me; nobody has ever beheld a chair in such a way. In many ways me and this chair are locked in the same long dance, day after day after day. And sometimes I look into the glue bubble and think: 'Damn, Royce, there really isn't much point being alive ever, is there?' Today was not a great one, so I think when I get back to my room I'm going to have one big Snickers and a full-fat Coke. I wish, I wish, wish, wish. I wish they would code it so he didn't break the chair.

@joelgolby

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Desus and Mero Weigh In on the Canned or Fresh Cranberry Sauce Thanksgiving Debate

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Of all the heated family arguments that erupt around the Thanksgiving table, from politics to football to which kid your grandmother loves most, one eternal question looms large over all the rest: Is is better to make your own cranberry sauce or just buy it canned?

To answer this and many other pressing food-related questions, Desus and Mero invited New York Times food editor Sam Sifton to stop by their VICELAND show on Monday. Watch the three talk about Thanksgiving, cultural appropriation of chopped cheese, and more above.

You can check out last night's Desus & Mero for free online now, and be sure to catch new episodes weeknights at 11 PM ET/PT on VICELAND.

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